Ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi yabantu. Inhloso, isisusa somsebenzi

Noma yimuphi umsebenzi onomqondo osebenzayo usebenza kahle futhi ushukunyiswa izimbangela zangaphakathi noma zangaphandle. Liguqula iqiniso elizungezile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqonda imigomo kanye nokugqugquzela komuntu ngalezi zindlela. Yini ebalulekile? Ukubikezela ubudlelwano obangela imbangela nemiphumela yemisebenzi yomuntu. Kokubili indaba yomsebenzi nomphakathi ozungezile uzosebenzisa lezi zindlela ngezinhloso zabo siqu.

Imisebenzi

Lena umsebenzi owaziwayo womuntu, okuhlosiwe ukwanelisa izidingo zomuntu siqu nezenhlalakahle, ube nenhloso ecacile kanye nesisusa. Yonke imisebenzi yabantu yenza inqubo yentuthuko yomphakathi. Umsebenzi uyindlela yokuqaphela imigomo yabantu emphakathini. Inqubo yayo, izwe langaphandle liguqulwa njengento yethonya eliqaphelayo, nomuntu ngokwakhe. Lokhu kwenzeka njengomphumela wokuthuthukisa ulwazi mayelana nezwe namakhono alo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi nokucabangela izisusa ezigqugquzelayo zomsebenzi kanye nokuqondiswa kwezenzo zabantu emphakathini, ngoba ekugcineni benza uhlelo lokuphila komphakathi komphakathi, futhi ukusebenza kwabo kuxhomeke ekugqugquzelweni.

Umsebenzi womuntu unakekelwa ezifundweni ezahlukene. I-sociology iyayibheka njengombono wokubaluleka komphakathi. Ifilosofi - ukuhlaziywa kwezincazelo nezindinganiso ezenzweni zabantu, ngokuba kwengqondo, isakhiwo kanye nezinhlobo zomsebenzi womuntu kubalulekile kusukela ekubukeni kwesimo sengqondo somuntu ngamunye, ngoba ukuphatha kuyisisetshenziswa sokugqugquzela abasebenzi.

Esikhathini sokutadisha izindawo ezihlukene zolwazi lokusiza, uhlaka olulodwa lukhonjisiwe oluveza inqubo yomsebenzi. Lesi sakhiwo kanye nezakhi zalo zakha isimiso somsebenzi osebenza kahle, ogcinwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zawo.

Ukwakhiwa kwalesi simo

Noma yimuphi umsebenzi unesimo esifanayo nesiqondiso. Ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi yabantu kubonakala ngokucophelela, uhlelo lwalo olungamelwa ngale ndlela: umgomo → isisusa → umphumela. Kodwa lolu chungechunge aluqukethe zonke izixhumanisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuboniswa uhlobo oluthile lokuphindaphinda kwenqubo. Futhi ukuqala kochungechunge olunjalo kunesisekelo somphumela wemisebenzi yangaphambilini. Kungcono kunomvuthwandaba ogijima ekupheleleni komuntu nomphakathi.

Ngaphambi kokubeka umgomo, umuntu kufanele azizwe isidingo kanye nesisusa esivela ngesisekelo semisebenzi. Futhi umphumela awukona ukuqedwa kwalolu chungechunge, kepha lusebenza njengesisekelo sesigaba esisha ekuthuthukiseni okusebenzayo kobuntu ekubekeni umgomo (umsebenzi) ngesisekelo sentshisekelo ethile kanye nenqubo yokufeza umphumela ngosizo lwezindlela ezikhethiwe nezindlela zokuzifinyelela. Lona isakhiwo esinengqondo nezigaba zayo. Lezi zixhumanisi kulayini olulodwa, futhi zisebenza njengesakhiwo somsebenzi wesintu:

1. Isidingo.
2. Isisusa.
3. Injongo.
4. Inqubo.
5. Indlela (indlela) yokuqalisa.
6. Umphumela.

Ngamunye wezinto ezenza umsebenzi othile, kubalulekile kuyo yonke inqubo. Ngaphandle kwesidingo esikhethiwe, akunakwenzeka ukucacisa ukubhala komgomo. Leli fomu lomsebenzi alinawo umphumela, noma lihlukaniswe ngendaba yomsebenzi, akuyona eyakhe futhi ayisebenzi inhloso yalo, ngoba isusa yonke inqubo.

Uma inqubo iphakamisa umphumela, abantu balahlekelwa nesithakazelo kule ndawo yokusebenza. Uma umphumela ungahlangabezane nokulindela, lo muntu ulahlekelwa incazelo yakhe futhi anganciphisa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwekhwalithi ebaluleke kakhulu yomsebenzi wesintu - ukuqaphela ngenhloso yalo.

Ukuhlaziywa nokwabelana

Amafomu omsebenzi ahlolwe yinkimbinkimbi yesayensi ye-orientation yezenhlalo nezomuntu. Enye yemisebenzi yabo ukuveza isimo sokubeka imigomo emisebenzini yabantu ukuze kukhuthazwe ilungu ngalinye lomphakathi ukuba libheke emisebenzini ephawulekayo emphakathini futhi kuvimbele izisusa ezingekho emphakathini kanye nokuqondisa okungahambisani nabantu emisebenzini yabantu.

Ukuhlaziywa kwazo zonke izici zethunge kusivumela ukuthi sithole amaphethini we-causal ekusebenziseni izisusa nemiphumela yomsebenzi, imigomo kanye nezinhlobo zenqubo, ngaleyo ndlela kusiza ukuqonda amandla okushayela emphakathini.

Isakhiwo ngokwawo asikho ukulinganisa okulinganayo. Iphinda ngokwayo, ihlangane namanye amafomu nezindlela zezenzo zomuntu kanye neqembu, lixhunyiwe, lenzeke, futhi liphazanyiswa, hhayi ekugqibeleni ekufezeni umgomo.

Ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo somjikelezo ophelile kunikeza umbono wamandla okugqugquzela, mayelana nezindlela zokusebenzisa amandla okuxazulula izinkinga, mayelana nezinye izici zenhlalo nezengqondo zomsebenzi. Kungaba yithuluzi lekhwalithi yokudala izinhlelo nezinhlelo zokugqugquzela ukusebenza komsebenzi.

Ulwazi ngezizathu nemibandela yokwakhiwa kwezizathu kungasebenza njengethuluzi eliphumelelayo lokudala izinhlelo zokugqugquzela emsebenzini kanye nokuziqhenya kwabantu.

Inhloso yalo msebenzi iyisisusa esiholela phambili

Izinga lomgomo oshiwo ngumuntu lixhomeke kumasiko, amandla, imvelo, izimo zomphakathi. Akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwakha umgomo ngokuqondile. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukufaka imigomo yomuntu siqu nezici zangaphandle zokuphumelela nezindinganiso zezici ezithile zokuziphatha komphakathi. Ikhono lokwenza umgomo womsebenzi womuntu siqu yinkomba yokuthuthukiswa komuntu siqu.

Inhloso yalo msebenzi ukuqonda imiphumela yayo. Lo mbono uyimpahla, unendawo yokwakha indawo yesikhala. Imigomo ingaba yangaphakathi, yangaphakathi (yangaphakathi) imvelo yabantu nangaphandle, ichaza imisebenzi yomuntu ngamunye. Imigomo yangaphakathi nangaphakathi ingahambisana. Lokhu kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzuzisa umphakathi kanye nomuntu ngamunye, ngoba awuphikisi ukuxabana kwesithakazelo.

Uma umgomo wangaphandle ungahambelani nezithakazelo zomuntu ngamunye, khona-ke umsebenzi ungakwazi ukufeza umphumela, kodwa kuvunyelwe ukukhuluma ngokusebenza kahle uma kwenzeka ukuthi kunesisusa esinamandla sokufeza umphumela. Uma umgomo ukuxazulula imisebenzi ebalulekile yomuntu siqu, yona ngokwayo ingaba yisici esishukumisayo esinamandla. Ngakho, yisiphi isisusa somsebenzi? Iyiphi indima ayidlalayo?

Izidingo zokugqugquzela

Lo mqondo ubaluleke kakhulu kusukela ekubukeni kwezinqubo zengqondo ukuthi kunezinkolelo eziningi zesisusa somuntu. Omunye odume kakhulu uhulumeni ka-Abraham Maslow of izidingo. Ngokusho kwalesi simiso, izidingo eziyizimoto zangaphakathi zomuntu ngamunye, ziyamenza ekudaleni nasekudaleni, isakhiwo somsebenzi wesintu sisekelwe kubo. Lolu hlelo Maslow iqukethe amazinga amaningana:

• Isifiso sokwanelisa isidingo somzimba sokudla, ikhaya, ukufudumala.
• Izidingo ezikhona: ukuphepha kokuphila, ukungahlali kwezindlu, ukuhlala kwekusasa elibikezelayo.
• Ukuvikeleka kwezenhlalakahle: isidingo sothando, isidingo sabantu, seqembu lezenhlalakahle.
• Izidingo ezingokomoya ekudaleni.
• Izidingo ezingqondweni.
• Ukulinganisa. Lesi isifiso sokuvumelanisa umhlaba wangaphakathi naphandle, ubuhle.
• Isidingo sokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela (umuntu ufuna ukuba nesimo, ukuqashelwa, nokuzama ukuthola ukuzwakalisa okugcwele).

Zonke izidingo ezihloswe ngenhlalakahle yomuntu ngamunye ziyisisekelo, okuyisisekelo. Izinga lesidingo somuntu sokuqashelwa ngumphakathi, isifiso sokuphila komphakathi - konke lokhu kuyesibili. Izidingo ezinjalo zenziwa lapho izidingo eziyisisekelo zihlangene.

Isisusa

Isizathu senza umgomo, njengoba isakhiwo semisebenzi sibonisa. Umdwebo ubonisa ngokucacile ukubaluleka kwalesi sici. Kumele wengezwe ukuthi zonke izidingo zihambelana nemvelo yabantu. Kodwa umgqugquzeli oholayo uyoba omunye wabo, oxazulula imisebenzi ephuthumayo kakhulu ekufinyeleleni imigomo yomuntu siqu.

Isizathu, uma siwuveza ngokufishane, kusho ukuthi umsebenzi womuntu, umsebenzi wakhe. Ukuze siqonde ukuthi yisiphi isisusa somsebenzi, ake sibuyele esibonelweni.

Uma umuntu ezama ukuba umholi, umgomo ukuzuza isimo sobukhulu, isisusa ukukwanelisa isidingo sokuqashelwa, umphumela uyindawo ephakeme. Ekuphileni kwangempela, konke akukona okuhlelekile futhi okuyimpumelelo, nakanjani. Izisusa zivame ukuphakamisa izinga, kanye nemigomo.

Izindlela nezindlela zomsebenzi

Ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo somsebenzi kuholela emibutheni eminingi.

Umgomo kanye nomphumela kuhlangene kanjani, lezi zikhathi zithinta kanjani? Iyini isisusa somsebenzi? Uzibonakalisa kanjani yena ekufezeni umgomo?

Ngempela, uma isisusa singenjini yangaphakathi, indlela noma indlela yokufeza umgomo kuyindlela yangaphandle yokufeza umsebenzi. Futhi kufanele kube ngokwanele emgomweni. Ukuxhumana kwezindlela nezindlela zomphumela otholiwe kuyisici sokubaluleka kwenqubo. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwamafomu kanye nokuqukethwe kwemisebenzi ngenjongo yokubheka kungabhekana nemiphumela emibi komuntu ngamunye kanye nemvelo eseduze.

Uma umuntu ezama ukufundiswa, futhi isisusa sakhe sangaphakathi yisidingo sokuqashelwa, khona-ke ukuthenga idiploma ngeke neze kube yindlela efanele yokwenza umgomo. Isici sesakhiwo somsebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi sinikeza umbono wokwanela komgomo, izindlela kanye nemiphumela yenqubo.

Inqubo isenzo njalo. Isici sesakhiwo somsebenzi wezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene sinikeza umbono wezindlela ezingenzeka zokuthuthukiswa kwezenzakalo. Izenzo zingabangela umphumela, bese zakha inqubo efanele. Izenzo ezingeni lezithinta, imikhuba, izinkolelo zamanga, ukungaqondi kahle ngomgomo akufanelekile futhi kuholele emiphumeleni engalindelekile.

Izinhlobo zomsebenzi

Imisebenzi ihlukile. Indlela ekhethiwe incike kwimingcele ehlukene - yobudala, umsebenzi, isimo, ububanzi bomsebenzi. Cabangela ezinye zezilwane ukubona ukuthi isakhiwo sengqondo somsebenzi wesintu sishintsha kanjani.

Le nqubo ayifuni ngokuba umuntu omdala, lapho umuntu ekwazi ukwenza izinqumo zamahhala nezizimele nazo zonke iziqu zemfanelo. Imisebenzi yenziwa kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila. Kuphela izinga lokuqaphela nokugqugquzela kwakhe ukugqugquzela.

Insana, njengobuntu obubunjiwe, inenhloso, kodwa ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi iyakwazi. Kodwa ishukunyiswa isisusa esiqinile - ukwaneliseka kwezidingo zomzimba. Usevele esebenzayo ezingeni lokungaqondakali lokucabanga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi yokudlala iyengeziwe. Ngesikhathi esemncane uhola. Kulesi sigaba, isakhiwo somsebenzi esivele sesibonakalisile kakade. Ibonisa lonke ubukhosi bezidingo zikaMaslow ngesimo sokuwa.

Isigaba esilandelayo esilandelayo ngumsebenzi wemfundo womuntu. Inhloso yalo ukuthola ulwazi olusha, amakhono namakhono. Lena umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Kukhona kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila komuntu. Kungashiwo ngenye indlela: noma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi olufeza umsebenzi wezemfundo.

Njengomthetho, enkonzweni yomsebenzi, umsebenzi osebenzayo womuntu ugcwele ngokugcwele. Ekugcineni, kukhiqizwa umkhiqizo owanelisa izidingo zomphakathi zamanje.

Umphumela wendlela yokudala ngumsebenzi wobuciko. Isifiso sokuzwakalisa ukuzibandakanya siqukethe isakhiwo somsebenzi. Umdwebo ubonisa ubuhlobo obuseduze belesi sizathu nenjongo: isisusa sokuzibonakalisa ↔ indlela ↔ umgomo. Kodwa akukhona nje kuphela endaweni yokudala. Isici sokwakha into entsha ikhona kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomsebenzi wesintu, kodwa ngezinga elihlukile, yiqiniso.

Umphumela

Isigaba sokugcina, lapho noma yimuphi umsebenzi owenziwa khona, umphumela ohleliwe. Uma ingahlangabezane nokulindela, umuntu angathola ukukhungatheka - isimo sengqondo esichaza ukubhujiswa kwangaphakathi, ukudumala. Ngokwemvelo, lolu hlobo lwezehlakalo alunalo ekuphumeleleni nasekuthuthukiseni imigomo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umphumela ulethe injabulo. Lezi zinsuku kumele zihlukaniswe nenjabulo. Umuntu uthola injabulo lapho etshala imizamo yokuthola umphumela. Kulesi simo, umphumela ngokwawo uyisisusa esinengqondo somsebenzi oqhubekayo, ngoba abantu bathambekele ekulwela imizwelo emihle.

Umphumela umkhiqizo wokuphela wemisebenzi yabantu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele ihlangabezane nomgomo obekiwe. Ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi yabantu Kuyavumelana ngalesi sigaba. Njengoba sesifinyelele umgomo futhi sithole umphumela, lowo muntu uya ezingeni elisha lesidingo, okumelwe aneliseke.

Umphumela uvame ukuvela ngesimo somkhiqizo, kodwa awunayo igobolondo elibonakalayo njalo. Umphumela ungaba umgomo oletha injabulo emisebenzini yomsebenzi. Uma umphumela womsebenzi uhambelana nomgomo, lowo muntu uzuze umphumela omuhle. Uma kungenjalo, kuvezwa isipiliyoni esibi, okufanele sithathwe ngokucabangela lapho senza izinhlelo zekusasa.

Umsebenzi we-Rational nobuntu

Ukuqaphela ngokukhethekile kufanelwe umsebenzi womuntu, inhloso yayo yokuzivuselela. Esikhathini sokuqalisa le nqubo, isakhiwo somsebenzi wesintu sinamandla okusebenza njengesihloko nesisekelo sayo. Ngamunye wabantu unethuba elinjalo. Kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu olungele ukuzikhandla. Umuntu kuphela othuthukile uyaqonda ukuthi yena ngokwakhe uyisihloko esihle kakhulu sokuthuthukiswa kwakhe. Yiziphi izici zale nqubo?

• Ikhono lokubheka ngokugcwele imiphumela yokuthuthukiswa kwayo.
• Ikhono lokufeza impumelelo emisebenzini umuntu azibona ngayo ngokuphelele.
• Umgomo unencazelo ejulile ebalulekile, njengomthetho, onenjongo emphakathini, owela ngaphezu kwezidingo zomuntu ngamunye.
• Izinga eliphezulu lokuhlelwa kwesikhala somuntu siqu, ukuvumelanisa indlela yokuphila yomgomo.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi noma yikuphi umsebenzi womuntu onenjongo enelisayo kuyisici sokuzithuthukisa. Iqiniso liwukuthi injabulo iwukuthola njalo imingcele yakho namathuba akho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, linikeza isimo sengqondo esihle esikhuthaza abanye ukuthi basebenze ndawonye futhi basize ukwandisa amandla kule nqubo.

Ngisho no-Aristotle - ubaba we "Logic" - obizwa ngokuthi imisebenzi ewusizo kakhulu emphakathini nasendoda. Zonke izindinganiso zangempela zokuphila ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zithola ukubaluleka okukhulu nakakhulu. Amazwi ka-Aristotle ngokungangabazeki ayasebenza kuze kube namuhla.