"Shu Ching" - kunjani lokho?

"Shu Ching" - kuyinto umsebenzi lasendulo Chinese, oyingxenye ye ukuqoqwa adumile izincwadi ezinhlanu, adalwe sefilosofi esidumile Confucius. Siqukethe iqoqo imibhalo yasendulo phezu umlando waleli zwe. It Ubuye ulwazi mayelana izinganekwane isimo.

Ngo isayensi, kukhona umbono wokuthi le ngxenye isibe omunye impikiswano kunawo okuqukethwe njenge benta luhlaka lwembhalo nokuhlela yayo wawubhekisela kuSolomoni ukungezwani okukhulu phezu izinguqulo ezindala nezintsha original umthombo wendaba, okuyinto obekumele angene eqoqweni lokugcina.

edition

"Shu Jing" siqukethe ezimbili ongakhetha ukuthi kuhluke ivolumu. Ukudweba up iqoqo yaqala ekhulwini 2nd ekhulwini BC. e., lapho abalobi waqala ngokucubungula wokubuthelela nokubulunga izinto ezingokomlando. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kutholakala ezimbili izinguqulo nokugcizelela kwalemibhalo. Omunye siqukethe izahluko 58, omunye - kusukela 28. Ngokusho yetinsita ngowokuqala watholakala ngemuva ukushiswa amabhuku yilo mbusi Shih Huang. Okwesibili sathola kamuva. Nokho, izazi zanamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi othembeke kunabo Yileso yinguqulo yakamuva.

Le nguqulo yendabuko ukutholakala kwale dokhumenti ufundeka kanje: Ikhophi yaqale atholakala ekhaya bakaConfucius, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana ngisho esezama uhlu yesibili. Ezinye izazi zigomela ngokuthi ukuqoqwa esekhona wehlukile version "Shu Jing", obabukhona e doimperatorskom China. Izazi-mlando esefinyelela kulesi siphetho sisekelwe kukhishwe indaba yokugcina, uma kulinganiswa nokwenu amaqoqo ngaphambili lapho kukhona inani elincani izinkomba lesikhumbuzo ndaba.

okuqukethwe

Iningi zefilosofi Chinese babekhathazekile uhlelo ekahle uhulumeni. Kwakuthinta subordinated izidingo zohlelo lwezemfundo isimo futhi kufundiswe intsha, okuyinto ayenemikhuba ukuthatha izikhundla kunesidingo ekuphathweni. Akumangazi ukuthi omunye zodumo zomlando yokuloba Chinese Sizokwenza lolu daba.

"Shu Jing" sinetigaba ezine, ngokuhambisana inkathi zomlando ezithile. Isahluko sokugcina sencwadi ethi yiyona enemininingwane kakhulu futhi iningi kalula eneminyaka enembile, kuyilapho yangaphambili iqukethe inqwaba anachronisms.

imibono

kakade Sishilo yokuthi Confucius kungenzeka enza khona umnikelo ngokuthi imibhalo cwaningo. Abanye abacwaningi ukubona ithonya abalandeli bakhe embhalweni umsebenzi. Lwalukhuthaza imibono okwakukhona eyinqaba nezazi zefilosofi ososayensi.

imibono Political "Shu Jing" ebekwe bendabuko Chinese nefilosofi uhlelo ukukhazinyuliswa nokubusa ohlakaniphile. Umqondo wombhalo umsindo isidingo okhokho ukuhlonipha kanye neziphathimandla, kanye nokuzwana bemvelo nasemphakathini.

Omunye isahluko ubala izimfanelo, ngokuvumelana uConfucius, kufanele abe ohlakaniphile futhi nje. Lesi sigaba eceleni egqanyisiwe nenqubo ekuhloleni izimfanelo zomuntu. Basuke kakhulu ukuba khona e-China lasendulo, njengoba izici siqu kunqunywa kungenzeka isikhulu sikahulumeni esizayo noma olusemthethweni.

ezombusazwe

"Shu Ching" - incwadi uhlobo Umhlahlandlela imisebenzi ikusasa nabezombusazwe. Esahlukweni esisodwa ubala izinto anakho ukuxazulula kwasekuqaleni. Empeleni sikhuluma izidingo zenhlalo sabantu: ukulondeka kokudla, ukuhweba, ukuthuthukiswa, nokunakekela emikhosini nemihlatshelo zenkolo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhundla umqondo isidingo sokuthuthukisa imfundo nokuqeqeshwa. Yonke imibono kokungaphezulu nobuntu izimfundiso Confucian. Umsunguli wawo igxile kwengqondo ezweni umuntu angikho ngaphakathi, njengoba kubonakala lesikhumbuzo.

Nokho, leli qoqo senziwa ngenjongo esisebenzayo: ukulungiselela ehlatshelelwa ababusi besikhathi esizayo ubuholi ohlakaniphile lizwe. Ngakho-ke lapha nezimpikiswano zefilosofi ehlangene iziyalezo eziqondile kumele abe wusizo abafundi.

nezinye Amaforamu

"Shu Ching" - incwadi izindaba eyayibonisa izidingo eziyisisekelo isikhathi sabo. Wonke umbhalo enikelwe ekwakhekeni izihloko zomthetho, engumkhulumeli ochwepheshile, ezindabeni zezempi. Kuyaphawuleka isahluko ukuthi ubala izimfanelo zokuziphatha edingekayo isikhulu sikahulumeni. amanothi Ihlanganiswe ukuthi Umbusi ohlakaniphile kufanele wenqabe ngokuqinile futhi inkani, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuba baqonde futhi bahloniphe kwezihloko, ulalela futhi uqotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumelwe buholele kweqiniso, ukuze wonke umuntu yokuqonda okushiwo imiyalo yakhe.

Umbusi ezinhle has ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu bayo ukuthula nokuchuma, ubude besikhathi sokuphila baguge elinokuthula. Kule ncwadi exaggerates indima engadlalwa uhulumeni ezimpilweni zabantu: ngoba ngokucacile ngqá owaqhutshwa umqondo wokuthi kuphela umbusi anganikeza injabulo izikhonzi zakhe. Kufanele ugqozi ukuba besabe langenhlonipho, njengoba nguye, yi-drafters lesitatimende, azi kangcono futhi baqonde indlela ukunikeza abantu nazo zonke ezidingekayo.

Mayelana umuntu wombusi

Omunye izakhiwo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngokubhala Chinese "Shu Ching". Yakha ibhuku kwakuhambisana nezinga izidingo isikhathi sakhe, lapho uhulumeni waseChina liye lasinda eziningi uthuthumele sina futhi izinxushunxushu. Ngakho-ke, ukulotshwa kwencwadi lolu hlobo lomsebenzi zefilosofi kwaba kakhulu efanele hhayi kuphela into yomntakabani zezombusazwe, kodwa nezalo lonke abantu abavamile. It kwakudingekile ukuze kubuyiselwe ukholo zabantu e umholi ohlakaniphile.

Iqiniso ukuthi yamaShayina yasendulo exhunywe ecabanga ngenhlalakahle uhlamvu isimo sakhe zokuziphatha zenkosi. Lezi zethulo abangu ngesineke ngokuningiliziwe futhi echazwe kulo mthombo. Embhalweni, ungathola ukuhlaziywa eningiliziwe izakhiwo ngokwengqondo ubani obusa izwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho ekuqaleni compilers kakhulu iboshelwe ubuntu nge ukubukeka, indlela yokuziphatha, izenzo izenzo.

Ithonya Lako izincwadi

subsequent zukulwane wabonisa isithakazelo esikhulu kuleli "Shu Ching". Umlando waleli lesikhumbuzo kwakuhambisana nezinga eliphansi nesikhathi esinzima isimo Chinese, futhi ngenxa yalokho okuqukethwe lihlukile incazelo zefilosofi nokuqiniseka ngemibono. Lokho uhlelo obunobunye yokufundisa, okumelelwe e lesikhumbuzo, uye yabakhanga yososayensi abaningi. Ngakho, ngeNkathi Ephakathi, ngekhulu le-11, omunye umlobi wasebenzisa ifomu yencwadi ukwethula izimfundiso zawo yezenhlalakahle nefilosofi. Ngo incazelo elandelayo, ukuqoqwa nemiqondo kuxolisa kubhalwe.

EChina ngokwayo, azinake kakhulu lo msebenzi. Kusukela 2nd ekhulwini BC. e. futhi kuze kube ekhulwini 10 BC. e. abalobi ezahlukene ziye zabhala ezinikeza ukuphawula kule nkathi eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinzima kakhulu we lesikhumbuzo lasendulo. Ukutadisha incwadi ongaba nentshisekelo hhayi kuphela zezilimi professional nezazi-mlando, kodwa futhi izifundo zamasiko, njengoba kubonisa indlela ehlukile izingqimba kwamasiko.

impahla abasesitelekeni futhi wenziwa endaweni ebanzi amelwe iqoqo. Kukhona nganekwane, tinganekwane, imisebenzi zomlando, ekwelapheni ababusi nabantu. Embhalweni, ungakwazi ukuhlola umhlaba wabantu AmaShayina asendulo, ngisho nendlela yabo yokuphila, isakhiwo zezombangazwe nezenhlalo.