I-Chicago Stock Exchange: Umlando kanye ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Abantu abaningi imisebenzi ngempela ezithakazelisayo we ahlukahlukene isitokwe lezimpahla Ukuhwebelana. Iningi lezakhamuzi ngesikhathi esifanayo kwaba khona ngemibono eziphikelelayo kakhulu ukuthi lezi amapulatifomu ngidayisa njalo kufanele kube inombolo enkulu abantu abangekho ngesikhathi esifanayo njalo okuthile umemeze ngento ukhuluma njalo efonini. Ngempela, eminyakeni embalwa edlule ngakho-ke ngenza umsebenzi Ukuhwebelana, kodwa namuhla nemisebenzi yabo ngaphezulu savela. Kulesi sihloko sizobe sesibheka ukusebenza liyindawo yokuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba imigomo ngaphansi kwegama Chicago Mercantile Exchange CME.

Izici

Eminingi ejwayele isitokwe Ukuhwebelana lapho ukuhweba ngamasheya kanye izibambiso. Kodwa uma ufunda indlela Chicago Mercantile Exchange, kufanele ngokushesha aveze ukuthi ukuthengisa ezihlukahlukene ngokusimama kwezinsiza zemvelo, imikhiqizo yezolimo kanye ikusasa izivumelwano phezu kwabo. Kulokhu, kunesinye exchange efanayo e-United States - New York.

Indima ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe

Chicago Mercantile Exchange ngowokuqala emhlabeni usezingeni inombolo ezigcawini enjalo. Ngokushesha, siphawula ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba bahlole ngokugcwele ubukhulu ofeleba noma inombolo izinkampani, ezifana exchange isitokwe. Nokho, kungenzeka ukuhlola kwenkululeko zokuhweba zayo, okuyinto enzima ngempela. Esikhathini esingangenyanga phezu CME olwenziwa ukuthengiselana nibaluleke ukudlula zezigidi ezimbili zamadola-US, okuyinto izikhathi eziningana kunangendlela ezimakethe zamasheya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Chicago Stock Exchange has anhlobonhlobo amafa. Itholakala ukusungulwa kwezohwebo ngamazwe endlini, okuyinto eseduze amafu Willis Tower - ukwakhiwa, iyona ezinde kakhulu emhlabeni kuze 1998.

-accessory

Ngokwehlukana nhlanganisela ngokuthi CME Group. Chicago Mercantile Exchange likhona ngezithako zawo, okuyinto sihlanganisa i-New York Mercantile Exchange, kuyinto umholi womhlaba wonke ukuhweba uwoyela. Ngakho, ukukhathazeka ngokwayo - kuba inhlangano enkulu, ngokuqinile uyohlala endaweni yokuqala emhlabeni emkhakheni kwempahla zokuhweba, ezisukela lwemali nemikhiqizo nesiphetho amandla nemikhiqizo yezolimo.

izimbangela

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 e-United States Amerikig Erie Canal lakhiwa. umsebenzi wayo lomkhulu kwaba ukuqinisekisa ezokuthutha ngokushesha futhi okuqhubekayo phakathi uthi nempumalanga yayo. Lo mcimbi kwaholela ekwakhekeni enamandla kathi kwale mizi emibili emikhulu - Chicago naseNew York. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Chicago futhi ujantshi okuhlangana ezinamandla, okuyinto okunengqondo ngempela ukwenza kube esiyinhloko yokuxhuma isici phakathi abalimi isimo ipulazi izikhungo kanye ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezingu USA East. Chicago futhi kungenzeka ukuthi uqambe ishede eyinhloko yezwe, ngenxa yokuphula njalo okuthunyelwe phakathi izifunda kukhona umbuzo mayelana isitoreji imikhiqizo ezigugayo, futhi ngenxa yokuthi leli dolobha ngampela ingu "yene" ishede omkhulu futhi waba yayithola okusanhlamvu okuningi ezinkulu yonke amandla North American.

Endalini lokuqala

Ukuphendula lo mbuzo: "Lapho Chicago Mercantile Exchange yasungulwa," siyasho ukuthi kwaba 1874. Ekuqaleni yena ezikhethekile kuphela ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo ngezinhloso zezolimo kanye kwadingeka igama ekamelweni uwoyela-amaqanda. Ngenxa yokuthi izimpahla yayingagwegwesi kakhulu (okuyinto ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ukuletha), kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala ikusasa exchange zaqala ukusetshenziswa.

Ngo-1895, ukuze ufakele enye ibhodi weza Khiqiza Exchange amangqanga Egg IBhodi, okuyinto has a izimo ngokunethezeka futhi ecacile i ukuhweba asebenzayo. Nokho, kwagqashuka lo zemibango ahlomile kuye kwaholela yokuthi kwakheka isiteji ezimele ebizwa i-Chicago amangqanga Egg IBhodi, elaba sibonelo of a real yokuhweba platform namuhla ekhona.

On the esengozini wokugoqa

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Chicago Mercantile Exchange - lo kunayo yonke eyake emhlabeni, kodwa ngisho ke akaphunyuki sisonqenqemeni ezikweletini. Kwathi ngawo-1960. Zonke iphutha wakhonza ucwaningo budedengu kakhulu lapho umuntu eba imikhiqizo emisha ku emakethe. Ekuqaleni, lawa kwakungamadodana ikusasa izivumelwano, okuyinto ziphela ukuthengwa ushizi, apula, umqondo kancane, kodwa ivolumu izinkontileka waphetha ngokukhumbuza mikhiqizo wawuphansi kakhulu. Khona-ke ukusuka endalini zisusiwe ngokuphelele uwoyela amazambane ngoba sokuthenga izimfuno zazo yacishe zero. Okwamanje zomlando angabhekwa nokuvunywa kuleveli zomthetho isenzo zomthetho, okuyinto akuvunyelwe nhlobo ukuhweba anyanisi. Congressmen walungisiswa isinqumo sakhe ngokuthi ukuthi ngale ndlela uyozivikela amalungelo abakhiqizi, ngoba umsolwa ekufezeni ukukhwabanisa phezu exchange isitokwe. Konke lokhu isiyonke sesisonke kuholele yokuthi ukusebenza exchange is saphela cishe ngokuphelele. It sekuseduze Ukuvalwa wako, kodwa ukuphela kwayo kamuva ayikona "ukusinda", kodwa yabuye yaqala athole umfutho walo.

resumption of zokuhweba

Chicago Mercantile Exchange, noma kunalokho nabaholi bayo, wafuna kakhulu amathuba ukuze uqhubeke. Futhi umsebenzi kwavuzwa. Ngo-1966, phansi ukuhweba kwaba ikusasa ngoba ingulube eqandisiwe, ngesisekelo okuyinto ubhekeni. Ohlukile kule nkontileka wukuthi waba ngowokuqala emlandweni stock yokuhweba. Kodwa isitoreji kwezimpahla ababekudinga nokuqondisayo ekhethekile. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo phezu exchange isitokwe ke enye inkontileka yimpumelelo ngoba izinkabi ukuthi ayisekho edinga indawo. Konke lokhu izivumelwano nezinye izinto ezisunguliwe eziphathelene eziningana ziye zaba nomthelela yokuthi emakethe wavuseleleka. ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo, eqala ukukhuluphala usuku nosuku, futhi ukuba ilungu sekuyinto ezibizayo: yizinkulungwane ezintathu ngo-1964 lande laba ngu-8500 ngo-1965. Ngo-1968, ikhadi ubulungu kwaba intengo irekhodi - ayizinkulungwane 38 zamaRandi.

Epoch ukuphumelela

Chicago Board Izinketho Exchange 1970 got a ukuphathwa entsha sokuthandaza, esasibonisa ukuthi isikali buthola umfutho ukuhweba ngokoqobo bophezela ukwethula amathuluzi amasha umshwalense kwabo engozini ngoba nje zezimali. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1972, savula isigaba esisha esibizwa Exchange International Monetary Market (IMM). Wedwa lesi sinyathelo kwakuwukuthi le ngxenye isibe wokuqala emhlabeni yesikhulumi ikusasa base lwemali ezikhona. Trades kuso masinyane bangena tibalo esebenzayo kakhulu futhi enkulu imali. Ibhanga amafa lakhula masinyane futhi ngoba Chicago Stock Exchange kwashesha. Kamuva, ezintsha eziningana eziye owethulwa: izivumelwano Eurodollars amazinga, evunywe mini-izinkontileka, ikusasa ku indices ehlukahlukene. Ngakho, ukubandakanywa isiteji Ukuhweba isibe esiphezulu.

commerce electronic

I-Chicago Mercantile Exchange esiphuthumayo umkhankaso uhlelo lwayo lokuqala ukuhweba ngogesi e ezikude kakade kithi ngo-1987. Ngaleso sikhathi, abahwebi abaningi bayakungabaza ukuthi umuntu angaphila kakhulu ngalokhu ibhizinisi ngoba sikholelwa (futhi kufanele) ukuthi ngenxa yalesi emakethe ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili, futhi ngeke ulahlekelwe izinzuzo zabo. Nokho, kwaba nje ukuhlolwa.

Kushintshwe futhi ngokugcwele ezicatshangwe ngidayisa inethiwekhi electronic yabonakala Exchange kuphela eminyakeni emihlanu emva. It is esigama CME Globex. Ekuqaleni, esebenza kuphela njengenhlangano kwalokho asizayo ukuvula ukuhweba okwamanje lapho zavalwa ngokwenyama. Ngo-1998, uhlelo yathuthukiswa ngangokunokwenzeka. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka pool abadayisi ukuklabalasa, ise ihholo, abahwebi zazo ngokwenza isicelo ngqo ohlelweni. Kwaba ngokushesha wavuma ukuthi ngokuphelele bonke abahlanganyeli Kwenziwa abathengisa bayalingana amalungelo abo. Nokho, abahwebi abaningi baphoqeleka ukuba namanje baphume ehholo ukuhweba njengoba zakhokhelwa kahle eliphezulu ubulungu izimali, kodwa abazange bathole impatho ekhethekile ukubuya.

ugxumele

Ngo-2000, abaholi exchange wanquma ukubeka ukwabelana yayo ye-New York Stock Exchange. Ngenxa yalokhu CME GROUP Chicago Mercantile Exchange waba ngowokuqala e-United States, eyaba ukuthengisa esidlangalaleni ukwabelana yayo. Ekupheleni 2002, saba nomhlangano ngumnikelo zomphakathi kule imali eyizigidi ezingu-191 aseMelika. Kusukela nhlanganisela selikhule ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa izibambiso yenkampani adayiswa, futhi kuze kube namuhla. Abaphathi bakhangwa inzuzo sokuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe ezintsha, ukwethulwa izici ezintsha, ukwandisa yokuthengisa inethiwekhi ngqo. Lendlelanchubo yakhiwe walungisiswa ngokugcwele uqobo, ngoba nje eminyakeni embalwa yokudayisa zathuthela kuzindawo electronic, futhi abahwebi baqala ukusebenza wonke amaphuzu iplanethi, ukuze inzuzo okwandisiwe exchange uqobo kanye inzuzo leqembu.

amathuluzi

I-Chicago Stock Exchange namuhla banganikeza amakhasimende ayo njengoba kwamafa izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko:

• Amagama noma izimpawu, izivumelwano bendabuko (ikakhulukazi imfuyo nemikhiqizo yalo).
• Zenzalo. Isikhundla eziyisisekelo iyona euro-dollar.
• amazwe Imali okuqondene G10, futhi emazweni asathuthuka.
• Stock izinkomba.

I-Chicago exchange Ukuhweba ithwala eziningi ezintathu ongakhetha futhi ikusasa izivumelwano phezu zezimali emhlabeni, anamanci mahlanu. Ngakho kukhona ukwehlukana lwemali "Big Ten" kusho zezimali zamazwe asathuthuka futhi mini-izinkontileka. Okuwukuphela kwento iyasiza umthamo yayo ongaphakeme kanye nezindleko incane khona, futhi funa Ngakho okusezingeni eliphezulu yilabo abadayisa abeza ukudayisa amasheya nge "Forex". Isamba ukuthengiselana ku IMM nje omkhulu futhi kuyinto ku ezahlukene $ 100 wamabhiliyoni ngosuku. Kubamba lichaza ukuthengiselana kanye ruble Russian, kodwa ngobuningi ewela dollar, euro, yen kanye ganda British.

Njengoba imikhiqizo yezolimo, indawo yokuqala kulesi sigaba basonta exchange corn. Usuku phansi ukuhweba iqinile emhlabeni 600,000 izinkontileka. Umthamo we isiko ungaphakathi uhla 3B bushels (noma 100M cubic metres).

Kepha ukolweni, okuyinto eRussia isiko at inombolo eyodwa ke phezu Chicago Stock Exchange yokuthengisa yayo kakhulu ngemuva corn - kathathu.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo abadayisi inthanethi

Uma siqhathanisa exchange lezimpahla ne isitokwe, kuyafaneleka ukuthi owokuqala zokucabangela ngaphezulu, ngokungafani yesibili. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-exchange lezimpahla igxile ekuhlinzekeni izidingo zangempela esiphuthumayo amakhasimende, ngisho emazweni wonke ukuze athole amandla, ezihlukahlukene izinto zokusetshenziswa nokudla. Abelana ungakwazi ukuthenga, ukudayisa noma kabusha adayise ngokushesha noma ngisho neminyaka eminingi. Kodwa emgqonyeni uphalafini noma enqoleni nge imikhiqizo yezolimo ukuba lithengise nzima kakhulu, ngoba ngemva kokuthola kubo cishe ngokushesha ikhasimende uzisebenzisela inhloso yazo. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi i-abahwebi inethiwekhi sebekhona ababonisa isithakazelo eyengeziwe kuyinto ikusasa futhi ongakhetha, njengoba lingathengiswa njengoba nje izibambiso ahlukahlukene. Nokho, ukuhweba ongakhetha futhi ikusasa - okusho ukuba izifake engozini kuphezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa stock yokuhweba. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi sibuyela yimali ngokushesha okungaka.

imithetho entry

Yiba yilungu exchange isitokwe Chicago kungaba ndoda engumnini yobudala akuyona eminyakeni engaphansi kwengu-21. Nokho, kufanele ibe nedumela elihle futhi Kunconywa ngamalungu amabili akhona exchange. Izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu kusukela esikhathini contact yayo nge ilungu elisha exchange ubophekile ukuba ukhokhe imali ubulungu kuya Chicago ehlobene nokuhweba.

Ukulungiswa kwengxabano

Ngokuhamba yokuhweba exchange isitokwe kukhona amathuba okusezingeni eliphezulu oyizwayo izimo engavamile, imbangela okuyinto iphutha zingakhiqiza ngoba sizama ukuzenza bahle manipulation nokunye. Kulokhu, ingxabano isixazululiwe ngaleso exchange kokungathathi hlangothi umzimba - ukulamula umbango noma inkantolo ukulamula umbango.

Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko kuzokuvumela ukubhekana lapho Chicago Stock Exchange yasungulwa, izimpawu zendawo yayo esemqoka zomlando kanye nezici.