Sitall (itshe): kuyini, izindawo kanye nesicelo

Ubucwebe bokunethezeka ngamatshe angokwemvelo abukwazi ukukhokhela wonke owesifazane. Futhi ngifuna ukuthola into enhle kuwo wonke umuntu. Ukuze kube sekugcineni, ososayensi baletha amatshe okufakelwa ezakhiweni zemvelo. Ngosizo lwe-nanotechnology, i-crystal ye-sitall yadalwa. Ngokusho kwedatha yayo yangaphandle, ayikho ngaphansi kwamatshe amaningi emvelo. Kuze kube manje, zikhiqizwa ngemibala ehlukene.

Umlando wesenzakalo

Abantu abaningi banesithakazelo ku-sitall (itshe). Kuyini lokhu? On art art phianites wezwa okwengeziwe, futhi ulwazi mayelana Sitallas akuyona kakhulu kangaka. Itshe eliyigugu le-sitall liyizinto ezibukristal-cristalline. Ngaphandle kwamanye amazwe, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqizwa kwawo kwakhiwa ekuqaleni (ngo-1957). KukaMelika Donald Stookey. I-"Dow Corning" eqinile, eyenziwa ekukhiqizeni la makristalu, yanikezwa igama elithi "pyrocer".

ESoviet Union, u-Isaak Kitaygorodsky wayesebenza ekuthuthukiseni ama-sitaws. Futhi abanye ososayensi abaningi baseRussia baye banikela ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe be-crystal. Ngakho, i-sitall (itshe) - kuyini lokhu, lavelaphi leli gama? Igama elingavamile lenziwa ngamakhemikhali amabili akhiqiza le crystal. Kusuka ku-sicilium (i-silicon) ithatha isilawuli "si", esivela ku-aluminium - isilazidi "al", futhi kwavela i-sitall. Kufana kakhulu nokubunjwa kwedwala elithinta intaba-mlilo futhi libhekisela ekalini eliphakeme lokushisa elincane.

Izici kanye nezakhiwo ze-crystal

I-Fianit ezakhiweni zayo kufana nedayimane, kodwa i-sitall yakopishwa ngaphansi kwama-saphir ne-emerald. Yenziwe ngeglasi, kodwa kunezici ezithile ezihlukile phakathi kwazo. Ifomula elisetshenziselwa ukudala le crystal, i-SiO ₂ , ifana kakhulu ne- crystal crystal. Kuyinto eluhlaza ingilazi ye- quartz. I-sitall (itshe) ibonakala kanjani? Izithombe zaleli cristal yokufakelwa zingabonakala ezithombeni kulesi sihloko. Uqinisile futhi akayena ovuthayo. Kuthembekile kangakanani itshe le-Sitall? Izakhiwo zalesi crystal zixhomeke ekutheni ziyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani. Futhi iqukethe amakristalu amancane kakhulu, ngakho-ke kakhulu kakhulu, afaniswe nensimbi. Ngobunzima bayo, idlula idayimane kuphela. I-stone kahle iqhuba ukushisa, akunakwenzeka ukuyiqeda ekhaya. Lokhu kutholakala ngenxa ye-lithium, i-aluminium kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa zamaminerali, ezifakwa ekubunjweni.

I-Sitall ichithe kahle, iyinto ecacile, imelana nokusebenza kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene. Singakwazi kanjani ukuxhuma ama-crystals amaningi kangaka ukuze kungabikho ifomu eliphakathi kwawo?

Inqubo yokukhiqiza

I-Glass inempahla yemvelo nesikhathi sokukhala. Nguye owayeyisisekelo sabososayensi ekudaleni i-sitall. Inqubo yokukhiqiza le nto ifana ne-glass ceramics. Okokuqala, lungiselela izinto zokusetshenziswa - icala. Kungase ihlanganise nucleator eziningana (izingxenye zokucaciswa). Nge-millimeter eyodwa cubic, kunezinkulungwane eziningana zamakristalu amancane kakhulu.

Khona-ke icala elinjalo liyancibilika. Okokuqala, isikhungo salo matshe sikhanyisa, khona-ke izinga lokushisa liphakanyiswa kuze kufike ama-aggregate amasha azungeze.

Ngemva kwalokho, itshe lithatha ukupholisa. Yileyo ndlela abathola ngayo i-sitall. Amatshe okugqoka amatshe asetshenziswa kakhulu kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe wokwenza ingilazi besetshenziselwa ukuthululela ingilazi ye-ruby yezinkanyezi zaseKremlin eMoscow.

Indlela yokusebenzisa i-sitall

Kuziphi ezinye izigaba ngaphandle kokukhiqizwa kwezingubo zokugqoka yileli tshe lokufakelwa elisetshenzisiwe? Izakhiwo ze-sitall zingahle zilungiswe ngokungeza kuzo ezinye izakhi, isibonelo, i-perlite, i-dolomite, ithusi, isiliva. Ngakho-ke, i-crystal iyasetshenziswa kabanzi kwezobunjiniyela. I-insulator engcono kakhulu kagesi, ecacile, efanele ukwenza amalensi, izibuko, izihlungi zokukhanya.

Ukhonza njengento enhle kakhulu yokugqoka izingxenye zensimbi. Ngesivikelo esinjalo, insimbi ayibimbi futhi ibukeka kahle. Amapayipi anezingubo ze-silicon asetshenziswa embonini yokuhlanzwa amafutha.

Itshe elinamakhemikhali aluminium kanye ne-lithium lisetshenziselwa amazinyo (ekwenzeni izibonakaliso).

Izinhlobo ze-crystal yokufakelwa

Isicelo esivame kakhulu sanikezwa kulokhu itshe lokufakelwa kwi-sphere ye-jewelry. I-Sital inezinhlobo eziningana. I-ametrin ethandwa kakhulu, enemibala emibili futhi ekhumbuza i-amethyst. Akuthandwa kakhulu yi-sultanite, ekwazi ukushintsha umbala.

Ama-fashionistas amaningi kakhulu anesithakazelo ku-sitall (itshe). Abesifazane abaningi bayazi lokhu namuhla. Ubucwebe besiliva negolide esikhathini sethu asikwazi ukucabanga ngaphandle kwamatshe okwenziwa. Sitall "London" yitshe elifana ne -topazi elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomthunzi othumayo. Le nanocrystal ihlangene kahle ne-alloys yegolide nesiliva. Uma intombazane inesikhumba esilungile namehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-Sitall London ilungele yona.

Okunye okumele ukhulume ngakho yizihlobo ezilandelayo ze-sital: i-Citrin Madera, i-tourmaline, i-tanzanite, i-marquise yama-pink, i-garnet trillion, njll.

Cela emakethe yezinto zokuhlobisa

Sithole, sitall (itshe) - kuyini. Amaminerali asebenzayo ayisoze aphansi ngaphansi kwezici zawo esafire, i-topazi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-emerald. Unombala kakhulu futhi ubonakala kahle. Noma kunjalo inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu i-sitall - idlulisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uyisebenzise ekuhlotsheni okwenziwe nge-tide ephansi. Ama-crystals afakwa ku-molds futhi insimbi ithululelwa kulo, ishuthukiswe kuma-degree angu-1000. AmaFiyane anamazinga aphezulu okushisa awakwazi ukuma: noma aphethwe noma aphelile. Kodwa i-sitallas ihlangabezana kahle novivinyo olunjalo, ngakho-ke ama-fianite anomncintiswano onzima. Imikhiqizo ene-nanocrystal ihlanjululwe kakhulu futhi ayibizi kakhulu.

Ukuphakama kwamatshe okwenziwa

Emayelana nemishini yokwenza izinto kukhona ingxabano enkulu mayelana nezinzuzo nezinkinga zabo. Amakhemikhali amakhemikhali angama-analogue aphelele emaminerali yemvelo, kodwa adalwe ezimweni zokubhubhisa. Amatshe wangempela akhula endaweni yemvelo, futhi izakhi zokwakha zihlonywa kahle. Zingaqhathaniswa nezimbali, ezihanjiswe endaweni yokushisa. Lapho kukhona okukhulu, ekhanyayo, ehluma isikhathi eside. Kanjalo namatshe: ku laboratory ungahlola umbala, ukwakheka, amandla. Ama-crystals akhulile akhule ngendlela engekho ngaphansi kwama-crystals emvelo, kwezinye izimo ngisho nakakhulu kunabo. Omunye wabamele abavelele yi-sitall.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokwenziwa kwezosayensi kufaka phakathi amatshe e-Swarovski, isafire i-crystal, i- zirconia ye-cubic. Zisetshenziswe njengezifanekiso zamatshe ahlukahlukene angajwayelekile. Namacici, namasongo, izindandatho kanye nokusetshenziswa kwala makristalu aqhakazile kakhulu ahlukahlukene ubucwebe. Noma yikuphi owesifazane ozokujabulela ukufakwa kwe-sitall!