Sociology Contemporary

Contemporary Sociology kuhlanganisa izikole mnozhetsvo yesayensi kanye umzimba ngamunye, ngamunye okuyinto ngendlela yalo uchaza okushiwo lwezenhlalo nauki.Opredeleny sotsiaologii esigabeni samanje, kukhona impela eningi. I ezivamile izincazelo ezifana "isayensi imithetho ukudluliswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa izinqubo yezenhlalakahle nemiphakathi nomphakathi, indlela leli ubuhlobo phakathi kwabantu kanye nomphakathi", "isayensi kumiswa imithetho ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukhona umphakathi nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana."

kwabantu Modern njengoba umphakathi kuncike okuthiwa yayo noma izenzakalo ngabanye nomphakathi. Sociology ngenkathi ngitadisha nje asho into ngokwabo, kodwa izakhiwo ezivamile azihlanganisiwe nezinye social sciences (umlando, ifilosofi, Psychology, wezomnotho kwezombangazwe, imfundiso yokuziphendukela umthetho).

Kule ndaba, kungaba ngokubhuduzela ngokuthi kwabantu yesimanje - kuyinto isayensi ehlukile imithetho jikelele ga tetenhlalo letibalulekile kanye izakhiwo lakubo lendabuko. Ezifundweni kwabantu akuyona nje esekelwe isipiliyoni enokwehla, kodwa futhi ufingqa bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe.

Sociology izifundo nje umuntu ngokuvamile, futhi iveze emhlabeni ukhona, lapho isimo senhlalo, umphakathi lapho likhona, ukuxhumana nomphakathi, indlela yokuphila, imisebenzi yomphakathi. Sociology ubona umhlaba njengoba uhlelo. uhlelo ezinjalo kubhekwa wakhe nje kuphela umsebenzi nokuthuthukisa, kodwa futhi ngokuthi inkinga. Contemporary Sociology ihlose ukufunda izimbangela ezibucayi kanye bazama ukuthola izindlela kungenzeka aphume kulo, futhi lowo kuyoba buhlungu okungenani wemmango kanye ethembisayo.

Izici yesayensi yanamuhla is ukuthi uzama ukuxazulula inkinga acute kakhulu namuhla - sokusinda isintu kungenzeka izibuyekezo esizayo impucuko futhi uyiphakamise esigabeni okuthuthukile of ubudlelwano. Sociology ufuna ikhambi lalezi zinkinga, hhayi kuphela ezingeni global, kodwa futhi ezingeni kwemiphakathi ngabanye nomphakathi, tikhungo tetenhlalo, ngokutadisha ukuziphatha komphakathi ngabanye. Lolu cwaningo iveze izigaba yentuthuko, intuthuko eqhubekayo futhi ukusebenza emiphakathini yabantu. Kulokhu, ngokuyisisekelo asho into nezimbangela zabo, ifuna ngokujulile izinqubo nomphakathi, ubudlelwano phakathi ngabanye nemiphakathi.

Izindawo kwabantu yesimanje ihlukaniswe ngemibandela ezimbili. Zonke izikole kwabantu yesimanje ngamaqembu amabili. It theory microsociological futhi macrosociological.

Eqenjini yokugcina mikhulu kunayo yonke ithonya ukungqubuzana social theory kanye functionalism kwesakhiwo. Zonke izikole zisekelwe impumelelo besayensi yanamuhla.

Kubaluleka functionalism kwesakhiwo kwaholela Talcott Parsons, zanikela ukubheka umphakathi njengoba uhlelo kwala maphuzu oxhumene sokusebenza. Lezi zici, wathatha abantu, amaqembu, kanye namanye amaqembu omphakathi, phakathi okukhona kuyo ubuhlobo. Lo mbono igxile ukuzinza zomphakathi futhi ifomu yokuziphendukela kwemvelo nentuthuko.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukungqubuzana yezenhlalakahle (isiqondiso conflictological kwabantu) sekukhona ngokumelene functionalism kwesakhiwo. Laba bameleli be-aziwa kakhulu ase-lo mkhuba kukhona L.Kozer futhi R.Darendorf.

Coser umsunguli inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ukungqubuzana omuhle-functional, othi ukuzinza esimisweni sezenhlalo kusikisela ukuba khona ukungqubuzana esiyisibopho izithakazelo, okuyinto kubonakala tembangave futhi izibhelu. Dahrendorf athuthukile nomqondo imodeli ukungqubuzana emphakathini. Izinkolelo eyinhloko bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe imi kanje: umphakathi uku inqubo njalo ushintsho, kuba ukungqubuzana akunakugwenywa, zonke izici ngazinye umphakathi nomthelela ekushintsheni yayo nokuhlanganiswa emphakathini njalo ubuswa amanye amalungu phezu kwabanye.

ithiyori Microsociological kugcizelelwa ku ekutadisheni ukuziphatha kwabantu ebuhlotsheni babo emphakathini. Incazelo eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi eziyinhloko microsociology phenomenology, interactionism ongokomfanekiso, ithiyori exchange kwezenhlalo, ethnomethodology.

interactionism esingokomfanekiso (Dzhordzh Gerbert Mead) uthi abantu isinyathelo, eqondiswa amagugu ongokomfanekiso ukuthi ufuna ukuhumusha. Phenomenology (Alfred Schütz) iveze ngokoqobo yezenhlalakahle ngokutadisha kwansuku zonke nabantu. Ethnomethodology (uHarold Garfinkel) ephatha ngokoqobo njengoba ruzultaty kuhunyushwa umsebenzi womuntu. Imfundiso yokuziphendukela exchange yezenhlalakahle (Dzhordzh Homans) isekelwe ezimisweni of behaviorism ukuchaza izinqubo nomphakathi.