Izici wefilosofi lasendulo

Ngaphambi kokuba sihileleke ohlotsheni ukuhlaziywa izici ezithile kanye izitayela yentuthuko yisiphi isithombe kwesayensi, kufanele kube ne degree edingekayo lokunemba ukusetha nohlaka zomlando yalezi zimpikiswano. Kuphela indlela enjalo yokuhlaziya isimo sihlinzekela embili nemibandela ukuhlaziywa elalihambisana ukuthuthukiswa lomkhuba ngokwesayensi.

Igama elithi 'ifilosofi lasendulo " kwemiqondo ifa yefilosofi neRoma lasendulo.

Zeminyaka engaphezu kwemibili uya ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano izikole main zefilosofi Amathrendi zezwe lasendulo, futhi ngalesi sikhathi uye wazuza ezidlula lokukwazi nokubaluleka lemali wokuhlakanipha kwabantu, ulwazi, futhi overestimate ukubaluleka okuyinto nje akunakwenzeka. Esikhathini isici ngokomlando ukuthuthukiswa wefilosofi lasendulo ezine, kwathi bha akachazeki, period.

isikhathi Oku-yokucabanga ifilosofi lasendulo, ngaphezu kwakho konke, libhekene yokuthi ngesikhathi sakhe, eqinisweni, kwaba ukuvela kumiswa lomkhuba okuyinto esikubiza ngokuthi "ifilosofi lasendulo". Laba bameleli be-eyaziwa kakhulu kukhona Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, amela umsuka esikoleni esidumile Milesian. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sasebenza futhi atomists - Democritus, Leucippus, wabeka izisekelo dialectics. izici Bright wefilosofi lasendulo ebonakaliswa imisebenzi abameleli esikoleni Eleatic, okokuqala kunakho konke, Heraclitus wase-Efesu. Le nkathi washayelwa futhi indlela yokuqala ulwazi zefilosofi - ukumemezela imibono yabo futhi sifisa ukuba bathethelele njengomngani kweBhayibheli nangezimfundiso ezingenakuphikiswa.

Ezama ukuchaza izenzakalo zemvelo, ulwazi okushiwo cosmos futhi emhlabeni womuntu, inkolelo izimiso eziyisisekelo yonke - lawa izinkinga wefilosofi wasendulo, wayenesithakazelo "pre-yokucabanga".

Kudala, noma njengoba ibizwa - inkathi yokucabanga - kuyinto zezimbali nefilosofi lasendulo, kulesigaba wabonakaliswa ngokucacile kakhulu izici ukucabanga lasendulo zefilosofi.

The main "abadlali" kwalesi sikhathi babe amaSophist omkhulu, uSocrates, uPlato, u-Aristotle. Izici eziyinhloko ifilosofi Kulesigaba yasendulo ongqondongqondo ozame ukungena kakhulu ku kwesiyingi izinkinga zitholwe ababengaphambi zabo. Okokuqala, kufanele kuphawulwe ngeqhaza labo ekuthuthukiseni indlela, esikhundleni ulwazi declarative-bagomele babesebenzisa indlela inkhulumiswano ubufakazi, okuyinto kwaholela ekwakhekeni okusheshayo e kohlaka ulwazi olulodwa yefilosofi izindawo lonke, kamuva baphotha off ibe wesayensi ezimele - izibalo, i-physics, i-geography nesibalo abanye. Ongqondongqondo kwesikhathi classical (ngakho ngisho izincwadi ibizwa ngokuthi inkathi yokucabanga, ukuthuthukiswa wefilosofi) kancane kancane wakhuluma ngezindaba lemigomo lebalulekile zezwe, kodwa ngokudonsa umbono omuhle njengalona emhlabeni, kwasho ukuqala inkulumompikiswano okukhulu mayelana igunya izimfundiso lokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo futhi ukukhohliseka. Ngo izimfundiso zabo nefilosofi ikakhulukazi lasendulo ebonakaliswa lokuthi uvumela iinthombe konkulunkulu incazelo yesayensi imibono sendalo kanye nemvelo. KaPlato no-Aristotle aba phakathi kwabantu bokuqala owayebonise isithakazelo izinkinga ubuhlobo umphakathi kanye nesimo.

Ngokulandelayo, umlando nefilosofi lasendulo waqhubeka abameleli imfundiso ezingamaStoyiku, Academy of uPlato esingumGreki okudaliwe zefilosofi. Le nkathi waziwa ngaphansi kwegama kwesikhathi impucuko Greek - Hellenic. It libhekene buthakathaka indima ekuthuthukiseni yolwazi zefilosofi empeleni ingxenye ngesiGreki.

Izici ezilihlukanisayo yesigaba yamaGreki liqukethe yokuthi inhlekelele ukubaluleka zindlela kuye kwaholela ekuphikeni kanye nokwenqatshwa iziphathimandla ngisho ngaphambili, kuhlanganise onkulunkulu. Bamafilosofi ufonela umuntu ukubheka imithombo ngamandla alo, ngokomzimba nangokokuziphatha, ukubheka ngaphakathi kuye, ngezinye izikhathi ngokuletha lolu isifiso kwaze kwaba seqophelweni engenangqondo, lokubonakala ezimfundisweni namaStoyiku.

kwenkathi yamaRoma, abanye abacwaningi shayela isigaba ukubhujiswa nefilosofi lasendulo, zona ngokwazo umsindo kuhle aluhlaza cwe. Noma kunjalo, kufanele siqaphele yokuthi we baziphatha ezithile nefilosofi lasendulo, dilution yayo izimfundiso namafilosofi nezinye izifunda nabantu. Laba bameleli be-evelele kunazo zonke zalesi sigaba babe uSeneca futhi kamuva namaStoyiku, Mark Avrely, Tit Lukretsy Carus. Ngokombono wabo, ifilosofi ikakhulukazi lasendulo esiboniswe bagxila ezindabeni sobuhle bayo, imvelo nezinto ezazibaluleke kakhulu izinkinga isimo izinkinga ngabanye. Phakathi nale nkathi, abasafufusa isikhundla sobuholi isithombe omuhle njengalona emhlabeni maqondana izinto ezibonakalayo. Nge kokufika kobuKristu, nefilosofi lasendulo kancane kancane okuhlanganisiwe nalo ukwakha ngenxa a isimiso esiyisisekelo emfundisweni ephakathi.

Yiqiniso, ngamunye esigabeni kubhekwe kwadingeka izici zayo siqu. Kodwa amafilosofi zasendulo nazo possesses izakhiwo ukuthi abe nohlamvu transtemporal - ejwayelekile kuzo zonke izinkathi. Phakathi kwalezi kusengathiwa kuhlukaniswa lasendulo umcabango yefilosofi kusukela muphi ukukhiqizwa impahla, isifiso zefilosofi libeke ngokwabo emphakathini njengoba abathwali amaqiniso "ngokuphelele" cosmocentrism, futhi izigaba yokugcina - ukuxuba ngayo anthropocentrism. nefilosofi Lasendulo kuzo zonke izigaba yentuthuko yayo kwakuhlobene eduze le yalelozwe zenkolo.