KumiswaIndaba

Nadezhda Durova. Heroes of Impi Ye-1812

Kwenzeka ngesinye isikhathi lokho biography wangempela abantu bebakhulu izindaba bhá adventure amanoveli. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kungenxa ezingalindelekile ekuphileni izingxabano, okuyinto uthola abantu ngokumelene nentando yabo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iba umdali ikusasa lakhe eliyingqayizivele, hhayi sokufuna ukuthuthela ku unomphela ithrekhi aqine. Kuyinto abantu zibala isikhulu lokuqala zesifazane yebutho Russian Nadezhda Andreevna Durova.

Ebuntwaneni hussar esizayo

Wazalelwa esizayo "trooper-intombazane" Septhemba 17, 1783 ku Kiev. Kukhona ngokushesha ezidinga ukucaciseleka: e "Amanothi" yakhe thishela utawukhombisa e 1789, kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso. Iqiniso lokuthi lapho ekhonza ku Cossack ibutho Hope encishisiwe ngokuqondile engu-eminyakeni eyisithupha, ukuba awele off esengumfanyana kakhulu futhi ezichaza ukuntuleka izinwele ebusweni.

Ukudalelwa abakholelwa ukuthi, kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kwakhe Nadezhda Durova kwaba ngokuzikhandla imvelo lempi. Uyise wayengu-Andreya V hussar abakhwele amahhashi induna, kanye nomndeni regimental bebephila ukuphila ezulazulayo. Unina, UNadezhda eyindodakazi enomhlaba futhi Poltava, ezingafani inhliziyo ome njengeqanda futhi engalawulwa, ayeshade ngokumelene izifiso usizi olungapheli kubazali, noma, njengoba bathi: "ukuthwala."

Lokho uhlamvu wakhe waba nendima ugly kakhulu emphilweni indodakazi yakhe. Ukuphupha ka nje kokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe, unina wazonda usana lwakhe obelusanda kuzalwa intombazane futhi ngolunye usuku lapho ukuthi ngokulambisa libe nonyaka owodwa ubudala, bamcasula ekhala, waphonsa umntwana phansi ngefasitela we yamahhashi ukuthutha. Bophulwa Nadia Hussars, ayehamba trace kanye endleleni sikhukhuleke othulini igazi ingane.

I abasha umfundi ephonseka amaqhawe

Ukuze ugweme uphinda lesi senzakalo, uyise ophoqwa ukuba aphe indodakazi yakhe ukukhulisa umfokazi, kepha unamandla uhlobo futhi umuntu onozwela - hussar Astakhov, ogama Nadia owahlala khona bekwafika kweyisihlanu. Kamuva, ngo-Umlando wakhe Durov wabhala ukuthi leyo minyaka sehhashi hussar esikhundleni sombuso wakhe, namathoyizi kanye umkhakha kwakukhona amahhashi, izibhamu lomkhumbi olamandla ongedluli umculo lempi. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwasebuntwaneni uyoba nendima juqu isimilo we trooper intombazane esizayo.

Ukubuya emhlambini

Ngo 1789 Andrey washiya isikhundla sakhe sithenge endaweni uSodolobha emzini Sarapul , isifundazwe Vyatka. Le ntombazane emuva ekhaya ukunakekelwa kanina, owayesebenzisa sebehlanjululwe wahlanganyela abekhuliswe, wazama waze wancama ukugxilisa indodakazi yakhe nakanjani umuntu abe nothando ngenalithi nendlu. UNadia ngokuphelele luphambene nakho konke wathatha kuleyo minyaka ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe - umphefumulo hussar wahlala le ntombazanyana. Lapho indodakazi ekhula, ubaba wanika ihhashi wakhe omangalisayo ku Cherkassy okuthiwa skhumbuzo, owagcina umngane wakhe futhi ngilwa ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa agcinwa ngomzuzu kanzima.

umshado ophoqelelwe

Ngokushesha ngemva afinyelele ebudaleni Nadezhda Durova wayeshadile. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi ngaphezulu uholwe ngabazali bakhe: ". Hussar isiketi" isifiso ukuhlela isiphetho indodakazi yakhe kanye isifiso ukuthengisa ngokushesha ezandleni Phansi indawo yezinto, wahamba yibeka futhi kancane emangalisayo - Vasiliem Stepanovichem Chernovym, owakhonza edolobheni efanayo yijaji abavamile.

Ngemva konyaka, Hope wabeletha indodana, kodwa akukho imizwa thandanani kuye ungakaze uhlangabezane nakho, ngalokho, kanye nomkakhe. I ukungathandi wengane uye wazisho isandiso egcwele kanina. Yiqiniso, umshado lalizobhujiswa kusukela ekuqaleni, futhi ngokushesha ithemba wamshiya umyeni wakhe wamshiya ne izinkumbulo kuphela uthando kuhlulekile indodana encane kangaka.

In the phakathi ukuphila nehhashi eligabavulayo

Durova kafushane abuyele kwakhe, kodwa lihlangabezana kuphela ulaka umama, ubuyophazamiseka ikhefu wakhe nomyeni wakhe. Eba eliye stuffy kule impilo grey futhi izimpawu ezilwiwa abakhileyo esifundeni. Kodwa ngokushesha isiphetho omenza isipho igama Cossack uCaptain nabo Hope njalo ushiya indlu ezinenzondo. Bezifihle njenge- indoda ukusika izinwele, yena uyiswa ku Alcide wayo ngemva lover abasha, sengathi abanye batman yakhe.

Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi, Nadezhda Durova, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, understate ngamabomu ubudala babo: Cossacks ngokwesimiso okwakumelwe bafake izindevu, futhi anqikaze kwakungase kuphela isikhashana, ebhekisela neminyaka yakhe yakudala. Kodwa ukuze bangabanjwa, kuye kwadingeka ukuba ekugcineni ushiye uCaptain bese ubheka izindawo Cavalry Lancers, lapho izindevu kwakungafanele. Elapho esima ngaphansi igama Kusolwa Alexander Vasilyevich Sokolov - indodana yesikhulu kanye zomninindawo.

Impi yokuqala kanye George Cross ngoba isibindi

Wangena 1806, ibutho Russian waba nengxenye izimpi olubhekiswe uNapoleon, wangena umlando ngokuthi iMpi lweSine Coalition. Kwakuwusuku bangaphambi Ukuza kweMpi Yezwe II. Nadezhda Andreevna Durova iqhaza ngokulinganayo namadoda eziningana izimpi elikhulu isikhathi futhi yonke indawo yabonisa ubuqhawe ezehlukile. Ngokusindisa kwakhe isiphathimandla kwalimala ukhishwa isosha wakhe George Cross futhi ngokushesha ukhushuliwe izikhulu ze-non-ethunywe. Kuso sonke lesi sikhathi, azikho abanye abaphefumulelwe babengayazi ukuthi umfanekiso amaqhawe eligadulayo ukufihla owesifazane osemusha futhi ethambile.

ukuchayeka ezingalindelekile

Kodwa njengoba wazi, ukubulala ngeke ukufihla. ngokushesha imfihlo enjalo eside igcinwe Nadezhda Andreyevna baba umyalo ezaziwayo. It ekhishwe incwadi yayo eyabhalwa kuyise ngosuku olwandulela enye yezimpi. Njengobe abengakwati konkhe loko ukuthi bahlale bephila, Hope wacela intethelelo yakhe kuwo wonke owenziwe kuyena nomama wakhe kwaze imiselwe ukuzwa. Ngaphambi kwalokho, u-Andrey bengazazi indodakazi yakhe, kodwa manje, kokuba ulwazi olunembile, ubheke umyalo yebutho ukubuyela ekhaya nombaleki.

Kusukela yindlunkulu oda ngokushesha, futhi induna ibutho, eyasebenza njengodonga Nadezhda Durova, ngokushesha wamthumela Petersburg, wayencisha isikhali wakufaka isivikelo. Omunye bayaqagela lasabela njani ozakwabo, ukuthola ukuthi ngubani ngempela Kwatholakala kubo, nakuba beardless, kodwa usayitsheni angamaqhawe abanesibindi ...

Izethameli eliphakeme kuMbusi

Khonamanjalo inzwabethi zamaqhawe okungavamile safinyelela EnguMbusi uMbusi u-Alexander I, futhi lapho Nadezhda Andreevna efika e-dolobha, ngokushesha wathatha yakhe esigodlweni. Emva kokuzwa indaba babebone abesifazane abasha, ukubamba iqhaza ngokulinganayo amadoda empini, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, baqonde ukuthi ibutho wamngenisa kungekho kuthandana, kanye isifiso sokukhonza ezweni, umbusi avunyelwe Nadezhda Andreyevna ukuqhubeka ukuba ukulwa amayunithi futhi siqu ngu-oda uye wakwenza isikhundla sokuba umkhuzi wesibili.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze uqhubeke nezihlobo zakhe akazange adale inkinga, uMbusi wayithumelela ukukhonza Mariupol Hussars ngaphansi kwegama Kusolwa Aleksandra Andreevicha Aleksandrova. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wanikwa ilungelo, uma kunesidingo, ukwenza isicelo ngqo kuKesari. ukuthi kuyilungelo ngaleso sikhathi anjalo esetshenziswa kuphela abantu efanelwe kakhulu.

vaudeville regimental

Ngakho Nadezhda Durova - the trooper-intombazane iphoyisa zesifazane kuqala eRussia, wayephakathi Mariupol Hussars. Kodwa kwasheshe lafika indaba yakhe, kubafanele vaudeville elicwengiwe. Iqiniso lokuthi lesikhulu sombutho ayesanda kuluthola saba nendodakazi wayichoboza ka umkhuzi regimental. Yiqiniso, akamazi ukuthi mayelana ngubani empeleni Alexander yakhe ayithandayo Andreyevich. Ubaba - uColonel ukulwa kanye yizicukuthwane indoda - ngobuqotho futhi ivunyelwe kukhethwa indodakazi yakhe ngayo yonke inhliziyo yami sengathi injabulo yakhe nge abasha isiphathimandla amnandi ezifana.

Isimo kuyababa. Maid ayokoma uthando ayidabule ULila ubaba washaywa uvalo, engazi ukuthi kungani uLieutenant akusho uya umcele kunika indodakazi yakhe. Nadezhda Andreyevna kwadingeka ashiye ngakho Ngasamukela Hussars wakhe futhi siqhubeke sikhonza e-Ulan isigaba - futhi, yebo, ngegama okungelona yasungulwa ngenxa yakhe uqobo eNgophezukonke-umbusi.

Ukuqala kweMpi Yezwe II

Ngo 1809 Durov ethunyelwe Sarapul, lapho uyise namanje ubeyimeya yabo. Endlini yakhe wahlala iminyaka emibili, futhi ngaphambi nje ayehlasela kaNapoleon futhi ahamba ayokhonza e-Lithuanian Lancers. Ngemva konyaka, Nadezhda Andreevna wayala isigamu-isigaba. Ehola Lancers akhe abuhlungu yena eyayihilelekile iningi yezimpi ezinkulu 1812 empini iminyaka. Walwa at Smolensk futhi Kolotskim Isigodlo, futhi ngezinye Borodino bavikela Semenov ukushiselwa abadumile - uhlelo osendaweni ezibalulekile ehlanganisa izinqaba ezintathu. Kube ethola ithuba lokwenza kanjalo ukulwa side by side nge Bagration.

ngokuhlelekile-Chief

Ngokushesha Durov walimala washiywa ukwelashwa kuyise Sarapul. Ngemva yokutakula, waphinde wabuyela empini futhi ngasebenza njengenhlangano Kutuzov ehlelekile, kube Kutuzov kwaba omunye ambalwa owayazi ukuthi ungubani ngempela kwakungokungenanjongo. Ngesikhathi ibutho elinamandla Russian ngo-1813, yaqhubeka imisebenzi yezempi ngaphandle kwe-Russia, Nadezhda Andreevna wahlala phakathi kwababusi, futhi izimpi ukuze kukhululwe eJalimane kusukela amasosha kaNapoleon zihlukaniswa ngesikhathi evimbezela inqaba Modlin kanye bamba of Hamburg.

Life ngemuva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi

Ngemva kokuphela enqobile empini, emva kweminyaka lona wesifazane emangalisayo ezimbalwa ekukhonzeni Tsar futhi lawobaba, wayesethathe umhlalaphansi elisezingeni abasebenzi likakaputeni. Chin Hope Durova bamvumela ukuthola impesheni esaphila futhi inikeza impela khona ntofontofo. Yena bazinza Sarapul noyise, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi wayehlala Yelabuga lapho yayinesimo endlini. I ayichitha impi, onikezwe Nadezhda Andreevna uphawu kuka, mhlawumbe, iyachaza babhekwa eziningi kugujwa wonke amadoda eceleni kwakhe ngaleso sikhathi.

Kusukela Umlando wabantu ababephila ukwazi ukuthi kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, waya ingubo madoda futhi wonke amadokhumenti ngemvume kuphela igama Aleksandrova Aleksandra Andreevicha. Kusukela abanye njengoba kudingeka ebhekisela uqobo kuphela ubulili besilisa. Ethonya uqobo ngoba wakhe kowesifazane kanye kwaba, washona ngalobo, futhi kuphela usethe isithombe sakhe siqu igama owenziwe-up.

Ngezinye izikhathi wafika ukweqisa. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ngolunye usuku, indodana yakhe, ivan vasilevich Chernov (lo wayekade kanye kwesokunxele, kusale umyeni wakhe), wayithumelela incwadi ecela ukuthi wayezombusisa ukushada, wabona isikhalo sakhe "Mamma," washisa incwadi ngaphandle ngisho nokufunda. Kuyinto kuphela ngemva indodana wabhala futhi, ibhekisela kuyo njengekamu Aleksandru Andreevichu, wagcina ithole isibusiso kamama.

umsebenzi wokubhala

Ngokuza ukuphumula ngemva umsebenzi wezempi, Nadezhda Andreevna wenze imisebenzi yobuciko. Ngo-1836, emakhasini "Contemporary" babe izinkumbulo zakhe, kamuva wakhonza njengoba isisekelo "Amanothi" odumile, okuyinto yashicilelwa ngawo lowo nyaka ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Trooper-intombazane." Wancoma ithalente lakhe umlobi wanika A. S. Pushkin, nabo Durov wahlangana ngokusebenzisa umfowabo Basil, ngubani zazibazi mathupha imbongi omkhulu. I version yokugcina Umlando wakhe yashicilelwa 1839 futhi kwaba big hit, esibatshela umbhali ukuba aqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe.

Ukuphela trooper ukuphila izintombi

Kodwa, naphezu kwayo yonke into, ngezinsuku zakhe ekunqabeni Durov unesizungu kakhulu. I abaseduze ikhona kuleyo minyaka kwakukhona amakati eziningi futhi izinja, okuyinto Nadezhda Andreevna wacosha lapho ngingakwazi ukuhlala khona kuphela. Washona ngo-1866 e Yelabuga, engakayihlanganisi iminyaka engu-ayisishiyagalombili nambili. Yokuhogela kusondela ukufa, akuzange kushintshe imikhuba yabo, futhi washiyela isevisi yomngcwabo ngokwayo ngaphansi igama wesilisa - inceku kaNkulunkulu u-Alexander. Nokho, umpristi ekuzwa ayikwazanga nomthethosisekelo isonto futhi yenqaba ukufeza izifiso zokugcina. Otpeli Nadezhda Andreevna ngendlela evamile, kodwa emngcwabeni wanika honours lalo lempi.

Wazalelwa phakathi nokubusa uCatherine II, wayengumhlali wesimanje kubabusi ezinhlanu sobukhosi yasebukhosini Russia wayiqeda indlela yabo wokubusa u-Alexander II, ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele ukuqedwa serfdom. Ngakho kwathi lapho umuntu edlula - kodwa hhayi ngekhanda zabantu - Nadezhda Durova, biography eyaba yonke inkathi emlandweni wezwe lakithi.

Memory asele amakhulu eminyaka

inzalo Nokubonga Ithemba Durova wazama abhebhezela igama lakhe. Ngo-1901, kwakhishwa isimemezelo yasebukhosini uNicholas II lesikhumbuzo lamiswao ku ethuneni lodumo abakhwele amahhashi-sasekhaya. I epitaphs emngcwabeni aqoshwe amagama, ngilandisa ukulwa layo endleleni eladuma elisezingeni Nadezhda Durova, futhi wambonga lo wesifazane nobuqhawe. Ngo-1962, omunye ezizungezile we izakhamuzi eziningi zakuleli dolobha epaki lomuzi Uthole ngokudayisa ka compatriot yakhe edumile.

Sekuvele kwaba ngemva kwezikhathi zokulotshwa Soviet, ngo-1993, kwamiswa itshe lesikhumbuzo Nadezhda Durova wavulwa Ikhuluma ngoZiqu-zintathu Square Yelabuga. abalobi zako ziyizindlela umqophi F. F. Lyah and umklami SL Buritsky. Ungahlali eceleni futhi Russian abalobi. Ngo-2013, umkhosi wokugubha 230th lokuzalwa kwakhe ezindongeni Yelabuga State Museum-Reserve kwakuzwakala izinkondlo enikelwe Nadezhda Durova ebhaliwe izimbongi eziningi owaziwa esidlule nabantu abaphila manje.

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