Abantu abanjani abahluleli? Bangakufanelekeli abawinile uMklomelo KaNobel

Ngokuvamile, uma umuntu eba owawina uMklomelo KaNobel, ke hola zobungoma, ukufakazela ukuthi - ngokuphelele professional ensimini yakhe. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi abantu, futhi isikhathi ubonisa ukuthi awufanelwe ukuthi.

1949 Egas Moniz, imithi

Uma usungula omunye abulalayo iningi izinqubo kuhlinzwa emlandweni imithi, kunzima ukuchaza ezinye izinto ezivelile amaholo. Nokho ngo-1949, isazi sezinzwa sase-Portuguese Egas Moniz waklonyeliswa uMklomelo KaNobel ngenxa Medicine owasungula lobotomy.

Doctor yamba imbobo ugebhezi esiguli, ehlome inaliti eside, ngokuthi leukoma, futhi inqanyuliwe Lobe ngokuqondile zobuchopho efana wire ubuthaphuthaphu. Lokhu zokukhwabanisa isibe eshaqisa futhi eminyakeni eyishumi nane kamuva, Moniz wathola umklomelo wakhe.

Njengoba yaziwa, lobotomy cha possesses nomphumela oqabulayo, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, kuba esabekayo.

1973 Genri Kissindzher, Umhlaba

Kwabaningi, wangaphambili UNobhala woMbuso Genri Kissindzher ayinakho maqondana nezwe. Abaningi bacabanga ukuthi isigebengu impi, owahlela ngamabhomu eziningi imfihlo ngesikhathi seMpi YaseVietnam. Encwadini, umlobi Christopher Hitchens, "Ukuhlolwa Genri Kissindzhera 'wazilandela ngokunembile umqondo wokuthi lo muntu uma kwenzeka uboshwa" ngamacala impi, ubugebengu obenziwa esintwini kanye nokwephula umthetho international, kuhlanganise nokwakha itulo lokubulala, amacala amane okuthumba sokuhlushwa. "

Udinga izibonelo? Kissinger kwaba iphayona nokubhonywa Imfihlo Cambodia, okuyinto kuye kwabulala abantu abangenacala. Lokhu kwasiza laseChile Jikelele u-Augusto Pinochet ukubhubhisa izinkulungwane eyamukelwayo.

Nokho Kissinger unqobile uMklomelo KaNobel, njengoba basebenza sekubekwe phakathi neMpi Vietnam, okuyinto won Januwari 1973. Impi angazange afe kwate kwaba ngo-1975. Kissinger okuxoxiswene a sekubekwe kanye nalo, kuhlelembisa kuphangwa kanye ngamabhomu enhlokodolobha yase Vietnam, Hanoi. Uyavuma ukuthi wazizwa dissonance.

1912 uNils Gustaf Dalen, physics

UMklomelo KaNobel ngo Physics ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi winner lase ngandlela-thile ushintshe engela lwesintu wonke. Nils Gustaf Dalen waklonyeliswa ukuthuthuka ingane zezibani.

Ngo-1912, ososayensi baye baklama ilanga valve Solventil, okuyinto ezilungisiwe umthamo wokukhanya gaseous e lighthouse. Ngalo Uvale yesibani uma liphuma nalapho kuvulwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ebusuku. Yiqiniso, ukusetshenziswa ukonga amandla nezisetshenziswa uhlale wamukelekile, kodwa kunzima yasungulwa uyakufanelekela owenzelwe sona yikhotho.

Umqondo yasekuqaleni leKomiti kwaba ukuze nginikeze umklomelo oqondiswe uThomas Edison Nikola Tesla. Inkinga yayiwukuthi i-ababethole abaphakathi wombango zezimali, futhi Tesla linqaba mncintiswano. Esikhundleni wasinikeza omunye, ikomidi sanquma ukuklomelisa guy owasungula ukuphila ohloniphekile lighthouse ubudala.

1994 Yasser Arafat, ukuthula

Yasser Arafat kuyinto kwamaphekula noma ukulwa inkululeko, ngokwezinga elikhulu incike iluphi uhlangothi ozithatha ngayo ingxabano eyayiphakathi Palestine no-Israyeli. Kunoma yikuphi, kunzima ukuze kuphikwe umuntu Prize kaNobel for Arafat, wathola ngo-1994 i-ukuzinikela kwakhe ukuthula eMpumalanga Ephakathi, kubukeka esingaphansi umxhwele ngaphansi kwesimo amabili eminyaka wombango eMpumalanga Ephakathi.

Ngo-1993, Arafat, kanye uNdunankulu Israeli kukaYitzhak Rabin futhi uNgqongqoshe wezangaPhandle Shimon Peres isungule ukumisa yephrojekthi, ezazibonakala zingapheli impi kanye nelakwa-Israel. Bobathathu wathola isabelo Nobel Peace Prize ngonyaka owalandela.

Nokho, cishe ngokushesha kwaba khona isenzakalo sezwe esishukumisa: ngesikhathi Emcimbini, sosha Israeli ngubani wathunjwa amasosha amaSulumane, wadutshulwa wabulawa ngesikhathi sokutakula ukusebenza i-Israeli.

1997 Dario Fo, Literature

Mhlawumbe, kulokhu iKomiti wafuna kusimangaze wonke umuntu. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, umlobi wemidlalo yaseshashalazini kanye yamahlaya Italy Pho yayidumile kakhulu.

Ukuze ucaphune umhlaziyi othile tetemibhalo, yena ubonakala "Kulula ... clown lolungenamaphutsa abanamakhono." Kodwa kungani wanqoba?

Ngokusho Fo isikhulumi siqu, uMichael Earley, mhlawumbe ngoba kwakubonakala ezingalindelekile. Early yena uveza ukuthi iKomiti akazange uvotele Rushdie nangesixuku Miller ngoba 'esivikelekile kakhulu, ethandwa kakhulu. "

1958 uJoshuwa Lederberg, imithi

Esteri Lederberg kwaba samagciwane emangalisayo, kodwa akanawo uMklomelo KaNobel. Umyeni wakhe, uJoshuwa, kwaba owawina le ndondo, nakuba esenzelwe isayensi ingasaphathwa. Nokho, kwaba ngo-1958, futhi u-Esteri waba owesifazane. Ngakho, wayekwazi notoriety, futhi uye wahlala izithunzi.

Ngo-1958, u-Esteri uJoshuwa Lederberg wasebenza e-University of Wisconsin, lapho azenzela kutholakala ulwazi olusha lwezokwelapha ezinkulu eziningi. Okokuqala, wathola webhaktheriya igciwane phosphate e-coli, okuyinto kwavula indlela isifundo yezinye, amagciwane eziyinkimbinkimbi. Khona-ke yena nomyeni wakhe basungula indlela okuthiwa ukufanisana, lapho amabhaktheriya sishukumiseleka kusukela ipuleti phezu plate, okubonisa kuguquka ezifana ezimelana nemithi. Leli khono ukuphazamisa ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe-bacterium kwakubaluleke kakhulu sokuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha imithi engama-antibiotic.

UJoshuwa Lederberg hola uMklomelo KaNobel? Mhlawumbe, kodwa umkakhe hola it ngaphezulu. Kodwa kukhona okwenzeka okwenza kwadingeka ukuba kwenzeke, njengoba kwenza lo mama esasivele phezu inkathi yakhe.

2009 u-Barack Obama, izwe

Ngo-2008, u-Obama ushintshe lephalamende kokuthunyelwe kaMengameli we-United States. ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye kamuva, iKomiti kaNobel unqume azenzile ngokwanele ukuba kubhekwe beacon zomhlaba, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayengenzanga wathumela amasosha 30,000 kuya e-Afghanistan.

Ngokusho iKomidi, yena wabusiswa "ngemizamo yakhe umsebenzi omkhulu kangaka ukuze uqinise izingxoxo zamazwe onke nokubambisana phakathi kwezizwe." Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umnikazi umklomelo ohlonishwa kwaba ekuqaleni kwazo ehhovisi US esingaphansi konyaka.

1974 Harry Martinson, izincwadi

Ngo-1974, imbongi kanye umbhali Harry Martinson bathola uMklomelo KaNobel ngo Wezincwadi. Kungaba zihlobane uqaphele ukuthi wayethole ke ngokusebenzisa ukuhlala kuleli zwe ilungile futhi kobungane nobudlelwane nabantu abalungile.

Ngokusho baxgeki, Martinson kwaba imbongi ebucayi kakhulu futhi original yesizukulwane sakhe. Okokuqala, ayevelele ngu ngobuciko obukhulu ulimi yayo. Kodwa inkinga kwakungekona ukuthi ngaphandle kwe-Sweden lwakhe lwendabuko ngakho, ambalwa Ngizwile.

Ngesizathu esihle, okungakho cishe hola umvuzo wukuthi efika ilungelo lokuvota. Yebo, ngo-1949, emva kokushicilelwa inoveli yakhe "The Road", Martinson wakhethwa eKomidini. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi izwi lakhe wadlala ebalulekile yokunikeza, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi.

1992 Rigoberta Menchu, izwe

Uma uthi nhlá, Rigoberta Menchú kubonakala ikhandidethi ekahle Nobel Peace Prize. Yena won ke ngo-1992 "kuqashelwa umsebenzi wakhe abangabodwana abalwela ubulungiswa bezenhlalo nokubuyisana Ethno-kwamasiko ngesisekelo sokuhlonipha amalungelo abantu bomdabu." incwadi yakhe, eyakhishwa ngo-1983, yabakhanga umphakathi wezwe lonke. It uvikela amalungelo abalimi Indian belwa ukucindezelwa laseGuatemala.

Kodwa kungani welungelo amalungelo akufanele indondo?

Ngesikhathi-New York Times intatheli uDavide Stoll, owayevakashela Quiché (Guatemala), kwakukhona iphuzu ehlukene kakhulu umbono ngesimo esifundeni. Ngokusobala, yakhula ucwaningo Stoll, ukupenda isithombe, lapho ikomidi kaNobel wayengafuni ukuzwa. Menchú yabashokobezi yayo empi ayengamadoda ayeyizinkulungwane njengoba ngesihluku njengoba ibutho laseGuatemala, kodwa yena umklomelo zomhlaba, ethula ohlangothini wakhe njengomsedari basamukela.

2016 Bob Dylan, izincwadi

Ngokusobala, Bob Dylan - umculi omkhulu, futhi izinkondlo zakhe ingenye esiyingqayizivele kunazo zonke emlandweni umculo. Noma kunjalo, le komiti kaNobel umklomelo ku Dylan ngo-2016 izincwadi, uye wabangela ibhakuzelisa usulu.

Dylan uqobo, cishe abalwamukelanga umklomelo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemva kokunqoba, wala ukuba amemezele inkulumo yakhe cishe kwaze kwaba ikhulu lesibili lokugcina.

Kwelinye izingxenye zokuqala kakhulu yokukhuluma kwakhe, ukhuluma ukuthi "izingoma zehluke Temibhalo: basuke kwakusho ukuba sung, hhayi ukufunda." kamuva Dylan wavuma ngokuphelele lutho njengoba art okusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi uMklomelo KaNobel ke.