ImpiloEmehlweni

Strabismus: Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Sifo Nokuselapha

Strabismus kuvamile impela. Ezinganeni, isici esinjalo singamelana ngezinye izikhathi ukubheka athinta ezihlekisayo, kodwa awukwazi uweye ukuhlukumeza. Ngasiphi yobudala kuyinto zokugula ezingemnandi ukuthi kumele balungise khona - futhi kusukela umbono wezokwelapha, kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa sobuhle bayo. Nakuba iningi amacala kukhona nezingane, abantu abadala futhi asigomekile kukho.

Ezinganeni, strabismus lesifanele Yiqiniso, kulula, ikakhulukazi uma zitholiwe ukuthuthuka komqondo futhi ukwelashwa iqale ngesikhathi. Strabismus unikeza omningi ngokuphazamisa isiguli, squinting iso angagcina ngokuphelele "sokudiliza", ingasaphathwa ukungakhululeki ezingokwengqondo ngenxa yobuhle. Ngenhlanhla, sitholakele strabismus silula, futhi imithi yesimanje inikeza uxhaxha namathuluzi ukwelashwa yayo kuze ukuhlinzwa uma idingeka.

Kuyini strabismus

Strabismus (amanye amagama - strabismus, strabismus) - ukuphazamiseka evame kakhulu ophthalmological. Ngokwezibalo, they jeza nga ingane eyodwa, anamanci mahlanu. Lokhu kungapheleli lihlotshaniswa imisebenzi uncoordinated eyodwa noma ngaphezulu imisipha ocular obhekene ukuhamba yeso.

Uma evamile amehlo bagxile ethile iphuzu, esidlulayo ubuchopho isithombe nge ngamunye neso, lapho strabismus kwaphumela e buthakathaka kwezicubu linye kuphambuka leli phuzu, isithombe etholwe komunye iso, isithombe ayihambisani ukuthi etholakale nabanye. Ngenxa yalokhu, isimiso sezinzwa aqede isithombe etholakele iso squinting, isithombe ngakuthathu ebuchosheni ayidaliwe. Ngenxa yalokho, omunye ubona umfanekiso flat, futhi iso ukuthi squints, cishe ngeke abahilelekile ezibukwayo, iyeke ukusebenza. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuthuthukisa amblyopia, noma myopia ukuvilapha, "amehlo oyivila" 'njengoba ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-strabismus ezinganeni.

Izimbangela zesifo zingase zihluke, kodwa noma kunjalo, uma ungenawo aphathe iso nesineke, acuity ezibukwayo uwela, yena ngokuvamile bayakhishwa kusukela iqhaza enqubeni ezibukwayo.

izinhlobo strabismus

Izimbangela ongaboni kungaba ezahlukene. Kepha strabismus, le bamehlo ukwelapha izifo azalwa naso futhi atholwe.

Ngu uhlobo strabismus ukuhlukanisa friendly futhi nesodruzhestvennoe.

Izimbangela strabismus azalwa naso

Eqinisweni, i-strabismus isegazini okumsulwa kwenzeka ezimweni angawodwa. Uma strabismus eba Ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisithupha wokuphila, ibizwa ngokuthi kwezinsana. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izimbangela zezifo izifo ezibangelwa ufuzo ezifana Down Syndrome, Crouzon syndrome; ufuzo - kulesi simo, strabismus ukuhlolelwa lesi sifo futhi izihlobo imigca lokuqala nelesibili; ukukhubazeka azalwa naso esweni, i-cerebral palsy. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo singumbulali yemiphumela of prematurity, imiphumela fetus izidakamizwa ehlukahlukene nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, futhi uma umama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa wahlupheka izifo ezithathelwanayo (isimungumungwane, tsitamegalovirus, SARS nabanye), kungase futhi kuvusa squint ingane.

Izimbangela strabismus atholwe

Lesi sifo ongase aphathwe yisifo ngemva Ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisithupha wokuphila, futhi ngisho abadala. Kulokhu, ibizwa ngokuthi kuluthola.

izimbangela eziningi strabismus kuluthola. Ngokuyinhloko isifo sokucasuka medium and myopia okusezingeni eliphezulu, hyperopia, astigmatism kuvele kushintshe elisekela ngaphandle lubonakale. Njengoba strabismus singenzeka ngenxa yokwephula ezihlukahlukene kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona esweni: ukufiphala ale nkinga, astigmatism nabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto izifo ezihlukahlukene iso, kuhlanganise retinoblastoma, strabismus ngemva kokulimala, izimila nezinye izilonda.

Strabismus kuwumphumela imisipha ukukhubazeka obuhambisana ukugula okuthile, ezifana encephalitis, yi-multiple sclerosis, neurosyphilis, kanye ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo nesifo sengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it is kuluthola, uma yeso akwanele bephethe ukugeleza kwegazi, landa kakhulu ingcindezi intracranial, ukuthuthukisa zokugula zobuchopho noma nomgogodla. Strabismus singenzeka njengoba kwetintfo umkhuhlane, isimungumungwana scarlet fever, idiphtheria.

ukwesaba eqinile futhi kungadala squint ezinganeni. Izimbangela ezinkingeni ezingokwengqondo, ukucindezeleka, ukuhlukumezeka ngokomqondo, ukucindezeleka kwemizwa njalo kungaholela yokuthi pre-school izingane (futhi ngezinye izikhathi izingane ezindala ngisho abadala) iqala sika iso.

strabismus concomitant

Friendly iyisifo lapho engeli squint ziyafana. Lokho mows iso ezinye eyodwa, kodwa ubukhulu bale engela kuka lo squinting iso (primary) bese kuka engela Wezempilo (zesibili) bayalingana. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uhlelo iso imisipha ithuthukiswe ngezindlela ezahlukene, akukho ghosting, kokubili izinhlamvu zamehlo kukhona mobile ngesilinganiso esigcwele.

strabismus concomitant uhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu ongaboni:

  • Accommodative.

  • Neakkomodatsionnoe.

  • Kancane accommodative.

Lapho accommodative strabismus isifo kuhambisana yimiphi zokugula - ezikude noma ukubona eduze. Lolu hlobo lwe-strabismus eba abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-2-4. Ekuqondisa izibuko.

Ukukhubazeka kwemisipha obhekene eye movement, kubangele strabismus neakkomodatsionnoe. Izimbangela ukukhubazeka kungaba ngenxa yezinkinga ngesikhathi kwengane esiswini noma izifo bahlupheka ngokuzalwa. Lolu hlobo lwe-strabismus kunzima ukunquma lapho besanda kuqala. Ngokuvamile kuhambisana-cerebral palsy.

Kuyinto:

  • ovundlile (uma amehlo bekhomba bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene - exotropia noma squint etshiyeneyo, lapho amehlo baqondiswa kubhuloho - isotropy noma convergent strabismus);
  • mpo (uma iso mows up - Hypertropia lapho ilihlo kwalinciphisa phansi - hydrotropes);
  • okuxubile (lapho kuhlangene izinhlobo eziningi strabismus).

Izibuko, lolu hlobo strabismus akuyona ukulungiswa.

Izinhlobonhlobo neakkomodatsionnogo strabismus:

  • uthinte (kuwa umbono kwelinye iso);
  • acute (strabismus, ngokungazelelwe sekuvele ngemva ukucindezeleka, ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, noma ukuhlukumezeka ngokwengqondo);
  • eyindilinga (kuphakama strabismus futhi iphele ngemva kwenkathi ethile yesikhathi, isizathu itholakala iziyaluyalu isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko);
  • yesibili (strabismus, okuyinto ukuguqulelwa kolunye uhlangothi emva ukulungiswa kuhlinzwa noma umbukwane).

Kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile neakkomodatsionnogo strabismus - the ngokweqile of kwehlukana. Kulokhu, strabismus kwenzeka kuphela uma umuntu ubuka ku ibanga.

Kancane squint accommodative ihlanganisa izimpawu accommodative motor neziyaluyalu, ezifana nokushintshashintsha we zamehlo evelayo ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi njalo. Ngokuvamile convergent (uma amehlo bagxile ekhaleni) kanye etshiyeneyo (amehlo "ukubukeka" I-whiskey).

Strabismus ungaba ngamazinga ahlukene kobukhulu:

  • kakhulu ibukeke ine engela kunangendlela 37 degrees,
  • Kuyinto ngokucacile engela ebonakalayo 22-36 degrees,
  • isilinganiso - 11-21 degrees,
  • amancane - 6-10 degrees,
  • cishe uzwakalise - engela esingaphansi 5 degrees.

Nesodruzhestvennoe strabismus

Lapho nesodruzhestvennom strabismus zamabanga aphansi naphezulu kuka engela akuzona ezifanayo. amehlo Mobility nge limited noma ngingekho eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izinkomba. Ngokuvamile, ubunjalo imvelaphi kofé uhlangothi njengoba neakkomodatsionny buka, futhi ine-strabismus. Izizathu zalokhu isifo - ukunqotshwa le oculomotor emsipheni.

Kungenzeka kube nezimo ezenza strabismus psevdoparaliticheskoe. Izimbangela ezibukwayo ukungakhuli kuleli cala - ukuqothuka kwezinwele okungavamile kuphelile ukuthuthukiswa noma emva kokuhlinzwa, kodwa hhayi emsipheni umonakalo.

strabismus ngengqondo

Zonke izinhlobo strabismus, okuyinto eye yachazwa ziyiqiniso. Akufanele udidekile ne-strabismus ngengqondo, okuyinto eyenzeka izingane ezincane. Ngenxa yokuthi ngase ngimdala, ngokuvamile abakwazi ukugxila entweni ethile, ngenxa yalokho kudala ukubonakala ukuthi ingane squints.

Nokho, ngengqondo isikhathi squint kwenzeka ngezinye izikhathi abadala. ngokuvamile Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa ukudakwa.

ukuhlola

Ngisho noma kubonakala sengathi squint cishe ziqapheleke noma ingozi, ungalibali ukwelashwa. Lokhu akulona iphutha yezimonyo, ngakhoke kudinga ukunakwa ngokushesha ngokushesha njengoba ethola. Uma ukulungiswa strabismus okungukuthi hhayi kwenziwe njengoba iso ungalahlekelwa ikhono uyibona.

Izimpawu yokuqala strabismus:

  • ukuphambuka eyodwa noma kokubili amehlo a ekhaleni (convergent strabismus), noma isiqondiso (Exotropia)
  • ukungakwazi ugxile kusihloko (okuthiwa ukubukeka elintantayo).

Kulokhu, kudingeka ucabangele imininingwane eminingi, ukuze ukudida sifo nge engokomfanekiso. Ukuze strabismus kungathatha ekhethekile ukuma amehlo noma indawo yabo ethile, ethize nengane. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa real kusukela izimpawu ngamehlo engqondo izimpawu strabismus. ngokuvamile lezi zimpawu bokuphila zinyamalale bebodwa ngeminyaka. umbono Floating ingatholakala izinsana kuze kufinyelele ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, okuyinto zona kungenzeka zisalokhu zingenazo ayikwazanga ugxile kusihloko. Lokhu iya ubudala. Kukhona abazali abaningi abaqala sokuba netwetwe, strabismus okusolakala izingane ezingaphansi konyaka, injabulo yabo yayisiningi kwaqeda Ochwepheshe noma ukunyamalala izimpawu kamuva ekuphileni.

Strabismus sivame ukubona abazali futhi bafune kudokotela wezifo zamehlo. Lokhu okungukuthi ukugula Kungahlonzwa ngomshini ngempumelelo ngaphandle kosizo onguchwepheshe.

Futhi, lesi sifo zingabonisa ngesikhathi ukuhlolwa okuhleliwe ingane. udokotela wamehlo iSifo ohlelweni lonke ezibukwayo, kuhlanganise ikhompyutha lucwaningo ukuhlolwa, eqinisekisa ukungabi khona ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi iqiniso lokuthi ingane has a squint. Izimbangela zesifo kuyadingeka ukucacisa ukuba linqume ukwelashwa ukuthi kufanelekile uhlobo kunikezwa inkinga.

Udokotela ucosha izibuko noma lens, uqoka hardware ukwelashwa kanye, uma kunesidingo, imithi. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase sisetshenziselwe eyohlinzwa emtholampilo wezifo zamehlo.

Uma usuqale imithi yesifo ngendlela efanele usaqala yentuthuko, ezimweni eziningi kungenzeka ukuthola ngokuphelele balahle lesi sifo.

ukwelashwa izidakamizwa

Strabismus kwezinye izimo ukulungiswa ngezibuko noma lens. Le ndlela kuvezwa strabismus accommodative futhi kancane accommodative.

Lapho strabismus kancane accommodative ku izibuko we Fresnel amaphrizimu kuthiwa anamatheliswe - eziyinkimbinkimbi kwakwakhe lens.

pleoptiki indlela futhi iye yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo, okungukuthi, ekwelapheni occlusion. Kulokhu, iso ngebhandeshi ezinhle esigqokwa noma ethe njo i patch iso. Ukwelashwa okufanele tinyanga okungenani 4 futhi eboniswe ikakhulukazi ekwelapheni strabismus izingane. Nale ndlela kubalulekile sihlale njalo siqaphele acuity okubonakalayo ngeso enempilo, othola gluing njalo. Lokho ukwelashwa kwaba pleoptiku ngempumelelo ngaphezulu okuhlangana ngayo hardware ukulungiswa, okubandakanya ukwelashwa laser, Ambliokor, electrical kanye nezinye izindlela.

Imithi kanye nokwelashwa hardware

Umuthi ezinqunyiwe ngokuhlanganyela ihadiwe ukwelashwa kanye yokuzijwayeza amehlo imisipha futhi noma umbono zomile, njengoba atropine, noma njengoba pilocarpine, ukuvimbela constriction we umfundi. Ingqikithi yokwelashwa - ukuqinisa umthwalo iso futhi ashukumise umsebenzi akhe asebenzayo.

Hardware ubuye ngempumelelo ekwelapheni lesi sifo. Ukusebenzisa amadivaysi ezifana monobinoskop futhi sinoptofor. Umsuka obulimaza retina imisebe yokukhanya futhi ngaleyo ndlela elwisana ne amblyopia (umbono ongaphakeme) futhi umbono double. Eyesibili isetshenziswa lapho ethintwa strabismus uma engela squint ngokwanele ezinkulu.

Iziguli futhi eboniswe ortopto diploptic kabi owakhiwa ukuqeqeshwa umzimba phezu kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Lokhu kwelashwa kuhloswe ukuthuthukiswa umbono Binocular.

ukwelashwa kuhlinzwa

Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa Kunconywa lapho strabismus. Siyabonga kuye, niqinisiwe noma zibe buthaka imisipha ukuthi banesibopho ukuhamba yeso. ukuhlinzwa strabismus isetshenziswa uma kungasizi ukwelashwa olunzulu. ibuye wabonisa yamafomu kofé uhlangothi futhi neakkomodatsionnoy.

Ngezinye kakhulu strabismus ibukeke kungaba kwenziwe imisebenzi eziningana esweni ngalinye nge break okungenani ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.

Endabeni strabismus olwenziwa ezimbili izinhlobo imisebenzi: resection, sifushanise ubude imisipha iso, kube yisiphazamiso - ukunyakaza kwemisipha iso. Kukhethwa uhlobo ukuhlinzwa incike uhlobo strabismus kanye engela yayo. It kungaba kwenziwe kanye elihlangene kokungenela. Yenza imisebenzi efana a ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile kanye nabasekhaya.

Kumele esikhundleni yilowo surgically elungisa squint Akukhona 3-4 iminyaka. Kuyadingeka ukuba ulinde kuze kwakhiwa umbono Binocular, okusho ikhono ukubona isithombe into kokubili amehlo. Kule nkathi ngaphambili, kokungenela kuhlinzwa kungenzeka kuphela uma kukhona i-strabismus uyisithulu engela enkulu ukuphambuka. Ukuze siqhube imisebenzi enjalo udokotela can kuphela iso - udokotela ohlinzayo.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqhutshwe kunoma iyiphi enye yezindlela ezingenhla ukubuyisela futhi uthuthukise umbono Binocular.

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