-syntax Complex: isibonelo imisho. Iphumuti e ezakhiwe eziyinkimbinkimbi syntactical

Ngo isiRashiya kukhona semali miyalelo, kodwa ububanzi kwabo isicelo, omunye - ukudluliselwa izwi esibhaliwe noma esikhishwa ngomlomo. Zizwakala ngolimi evamile levamile yekukhuluma nekusebentisa ibhizinisi nesayensi, zisetshenziswe izinkondlo namaprozi. Kungaba kokubili-syntax elula eziyinkimbinkimbi, injongo eyinhloko okuyinto - adlulisele kahle lo mqondo futhi incazelo kuthiweni.

Umcabango ezakhiwe eziyinkimbinkimbi

Abalobi abaningi bakhetha baveze lelandzisako emisebenzini yakhe ngosizo imisho elula esifushane. Lezi zihlanganisa laseChekhov ( "Ukunqamulela - udadewabo ithalente"), iBabele, O. uHenry nabanye. Kodwa kukhona ababhali abasebenzisa sentences with isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi syntactic, hhayi kuphela ukuba adlulisele kangcono incazelo, kodwa futhi imizwelo ukuthi liletha. Ukusatshalaliswa enkulu abayithole abalobi ezifana uHugo, uLeo Tolstoy, Nabokov nabanye.

-syntax Complex - kulesi siphakamiso lapho kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene ubudlelwane syntactic. Bona zingahlanganiswa:

• Coordinative futhi conjunctionless zokuxhumana: "eqhwa Esibanzi kancane ekuqaleni wawela phansi eceleni komgwaqo, ngemva kwalokho lawela phansi ngokushesha kakhudlwana - isiphepho esikhulu seqhwa kusukela ekuqaleni."
• Asyndetic nge subordinative: "Kusihlwa, isimo sezulu sawohloka kakhulu, akekho wafuna ukuhamba, lapho ngiqeda ibhizinisi lami."
• Ezixutshiwe: "Zonke izivakashi athule wangena ihholo, wathatha nezindawo zayo, futhi kuphela emva kwalokho baqala ukukhuluma umnyenyezo njengoba umnyango akuzange kubonakale omunye okumemile lapha."
• uxhumano Coordinative futhi ungaphansi: "I big amahle maple leaf wawela ezinyaweni zami, futhi nganquma pick it up ukubeka vase ekhaya."

Ukwakha kahle-syntax eziyinkimbinkimbi, kufanele wazi kahle indlela izingxenye sixhumene. Kule futhi kuncike umgwaqo izimpawu zokubhala.

kwakwakhe Coordinative ohlobo

NgesiRashiya, a-syntax eziyinkimbinkimbi kungaba libe izingxenye united ndawonye ngomunye 3 izinhlobo uxhumano - coordinative, kwakuwukuthi kanye asyndetic noma ngesikhathi esisodwa. isakhiwo Syntactic uhlobo coordinative compounds ehlangana izipesheli ezimbili noma ilingane esixhumeke wokuxhumanisa tihlanganiso.

Phakathi kwabo kungenzeka uqede noma ushintshashintsha kubo, ngoba ngamunye wabo bebodwa, kodwa ndawonye bakha okushiwo yomkhakha owodwa, isibonelo:

• Funda le ncwadi futhi uyothola umbono omusha ngokuphelele engokoqobo. (Phakathi iziphakamiso ezimbili kungenziwa uqede, kodwa okuqukethwe izohlala injalo).
• Esondela isiphepho, futhi isibhakabhaka uvele ngisefwini elimnyama, futhi umoya wagcwala umswakama, umoya isivunguvungu lokuqala wavusa Imiqhele esihlahleni. (Izingxenye kungenziwa ezazijikeleziswa nenjongo yomusho kuyafana).

isibopho Coordinative kungenzeka kwenye yezingxenye isibopho ngemisho eziyinkimbinkimbi. izibonelo Akwaziwa inhlanganisela yakhe nge isibopho asyndetic.

Inhlanganisela usebenzisa iphimbo

-syntax Complex ngokuvamile ihlanganisa isibopho coordinative nge asyndetic. Ngakho ngokuthi imisho lemagalagala, izingxenye zazo axhumene kuphela buviyoviyo, isibonelo:

"Yena quickened isinyathelo sakhe (1): Ukwakheka, puffing, waya esiteshini (2), nophondo esitimela kuqinisekisiwe (3)."

Phakathi izingxenye sokuqala nesesibili isixhumanisi isakhiwo conjunctionless, kanye nemisho lesibili nelesithathu ehlangana isibopho coordinative, zingabantu alinganayo ngokuphelele, futhi ungakwazi abeke iphuzu phakathi kwazo.

Kulesi sibonelo kukhona inhlanganisela asyndetic izibopho coordinative ne ehlelekile incazelo lucebe.

Design ne uxhumano coordinative futhi ungaphansi

Imisho lapho ingxenye eyodwa ngokuyinhloko, futhi engaphansi nezinye, ngokuthi Compound. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kusukela ngowokuqala wesibili, ungahlala wababuza umbuzo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikuphi, isibonelo:

• Angiyithandi (njengoba lokho?), Lapho sengineminyaka kuphazamisekile. (Main Unit kufanele kuqala ukunikeza).
• Lapho mina kuphazamisekile, angikuthandi ke (lapho?). (Isiphakamiso iqala ingxenye okhonzile).
• Natasha isinqumo (isikhathi esingakanani?), Lokho izohamba isikhathi eside (ngani na?), Ngoba lesi sigameko owaba nethonya elikhulu kuso. (Ingxenye yokuqala umusho inhlonipho main neyesibili, kanti eyesibili - maqondana wesithathu).

Sebebonke aba yinto eyodwa futhi subordinative izibopho coordinative yakha-syntax eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izibonelo iziphakamiso sichaziwe ngezansi.

"Ngaqaphela (1) ukuthi ngilindele ukuba liqulwe kabusha icala (2), futhi siqaphela lokhu kwangiqinisa (3)."

Ingxenye yokuqala yisona sakhiwo esibhekele maqondana wesibili, njengoba iphathelene kucabangela uxhumano. Ingxenye yesithathu zabanye zahlanganyela nabo isibopho coordinative ngosizo nenyunyana.

"Lo mfana kwaba ngomumo ukukhala (1), futhi izinyembezi zagcwala amehlo akhe kakade (2) uma umnyango ivulekile (3), ukuze uqhubeke ngemva unina (4)."

Esokuqala futhi yesibili yemusho axhunyiwe isibopho coordinative ngosizo the Union "futhi". izingxenye Okwesibili, yesithathu neyesine ka-isakhiwo uxhumanisa ukuzithoba.

Ngo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezakhiwe syntactical iziphakamiso ngazo aqukethe kungenzeka inkimbinkimbi. Cabangela nasi isibonelo.

"Umoya wacosha, ukukhula nge zonke isivunguvungu of (1), futhi abantu bacasha ebusweni (2) ezinjengenyanga lapho baficwe ibhakuzelisa entsha (3)."

Ingxenye yokuqala luyindida ngamazwi esithi imishwana.

Izinhlobo conjunctionless futhi ezakhiwe subordinating

NgesiRashiya, ngokuvamile ungase uphawule imititilizo asyndetic, kuhlangene uhlobo subordinative yokuxhumana. Ngo imiklamo ingaba izingxenye ezintathu noma ngaphezulu, ezinye zazo ziyizilimi oyinhloko omunye nezinye nasekuthengeni. Kwangena ingxenye Izinyunyana ngaphandle kokusebenzisa buviyoviyo. Lokhu okuthiwa i-syntax eziyinkimbinkimbi (izibonelo ngezansi) subordinating-asyndetic isibopho:

"Ngo-zikhathi ukukhathala kakhulu, ngithola umuzwa ongavamile (1) - ngenzani ke (2), lapho angizange basonta umphefumulo (3)."

Kulesi sibonelo, izingxenye lokuqala nelesibili axhunyiwe ngumuntu incazelo ezivamile futhi buviyoviyo, kanti owesibili (main) nowesithathu (sensitive) - umusho eziyinkimbinkimbi.

"Lapho ukuthi nesithwathwa (1), umama Kuta kimi shawls eminingi (2), ngenxa yalesi ngangingakwazi ukunyakazisa evamile (3), okuyinto kakhulu sebehlushwa play nezinye izingane eqhweni (4)."

Kulesi siphakamiso the main okuyingxenye yesibili isihlobo ukuba ngowokuqala, kodwa lihlotshaniswa ithoni lwesithathu. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, umusho wesithathu ngokuyinhloko maqondana lesine futhi imele isakhiwo Compound.

Ngo isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi syntactic kwezinye izingxenye kungenziwa exhunywe ngaphandle umfelandawonye, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo babe yingxenye slozhnopodchinitelnogo izipesheli.

Umklamo zonke izinhlobo zokuxhumana

-syntax Complex, esetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanayo zonke izinhlobo zokuxhumana, kuyinto evamile. Sebenzisa okunikezwayo ezifanayo ekufundzeni ematheksthi etemibhalo, umbhali ufuna ukudlulisela ngokunembe ngangokunokwenzeka kwelinye umusho imicimbi nemisebenzi, isibonelo:

"Zonke ulwandle wagujuzelwa ngamaza (1), ukuthi indlela ogwini banda baba ngaphezu kuka (2), kawayaphulanga Ngomsindo isithiyo eqinile (3), futhi nento encimfelwayo amanzi abebengeneme esebohlile (4) ukuba ngibuye bese shaya nge bang ( 5). "

Kulesi sibonelo, izingxenye lokuqala nelesibili axhunyiwe kwakuwukuthi uxhumano. Eyesibili neyesithathu - asyndetic, phakathi yesithathu neyesine - isibopho coordinative, kanye lesine nelesihlanu - futhi subordinative. -syntax ezinjalo eziyinkimbinkimbi zingahlukaniswa zibe imisho embalwa, kodwa lakha lonke, zingabantu ngokomzwelo ngaphezulu.

Division of iziphakamiso nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumana

Iphumuti e ezakhiwe eziyinkimbinkimbi syntactical ifakwa ngesisekelo efanayo e eziyinkimbinkimbi, slozhnosochinennogo conjunctionless nemisho, isibonelo:

• Lapho esibhakabhakeni empumalanga ayephenduka grey, wezwa ukukhala iqhude. (Uxhumano Ongaphansi).
• ufasimbe Khanyisa walala esigodini, futhi emoyeni wavevezela phezu amakhambi. (Umusho Compound).
• Lapho disc of ilanga laliphuma lalingabonakali emkhathizwe, sengathi umhlaba wonke wagcwaliswa imisindo - izinyoni, izinambuzane nezilwane wabingelela kosuku olusha. (Ikhefu imele phakathi izingxenye eziyinhloko futhi engaphansi komusho eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye dash ehlukanisa ke kusukela conjunctionless).

Uma sihlanganisa iziphakamiso zibe munye, uthola le-syntax eziyinkimbinkimbi (9 ekilasini le-syntax):

"Lapho esibhakabhakeni empumalanga ayephenduka grey, wezwa ukukhala Iqhude (1), inkungu ukukhanya walala esigodini, futhi emoyeni bathuthumela ngaphezu utshani (2), uma disc of ilanga laliphuma lalingabonakali emkhathizwe, sengathi umhlaba wonke wagcwaliswa imisindo - izinyoni, izinambuzane nezilwane yemukele entsha usuku (3). "

Ukuhlaziya ezakhiwe eziyinkimbinkimbi syntactic

Ukuze afeze umgomo wokuhlaziya iziphakamiso nezinhlobo ezahlukene uxhumano, kumele:

• ukucacisa uhlobo yayo - declarative, interrogative futhi kuphoqelekile;
• ukuthola ukuthi eziningi iziphakamiso, ilula, futhi uthole imingcele yabo;
• ukuhlonza izinhlobo ukuxhumana phakathi izingxenye-syntax;
• libhekene isakhiwo ebhokisini ngalinye (umusho lolukhuni noma lelilula);
• wenze icebo lakhe.

Ngakho kungenzeka ukuhlwaya isakhiwo nanoma inani ukuxhumana kanye amabhlogo.

iziphakamiso Isicelo nezinhlobo ezahlukene ukuxhumana

izakhiwo ezinjalo zisetshenziswa enkulumweni yansuku zonke, kanye journalism nezincwadi. Bavame kakhulu ukudlulisa imizwa nemizwelo nombhali kuka ebhaliwe ngokwehlukana. master Omkhulu, ukusebenzisa i-syntax eziyinkimbinkimbi kwaba Lev Nikolaevich UTolstoy.