"Taimyr" Reserve. Okubekiwe zezwe futhi Russia

Bhuka "Taimyr" inomlando kuyinkimbinkimbi wendalo. Namuhla-ke ihlanganisa indawo engaphezu kuka 1.5 ayizinkulungwane. Ha, lezi zindawo avikelekile zezinyoni ezingavamile yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene ezisohlwini Incwadi Red. Isikhulu ekusungulweni usuku ngonyaka 1979, kwaba khona-ke ukuthi esiqiwini yadalwa ngenhloso cwaningo enemininingwane kanye nokongiwa amahlathi, izintaba, amathafa nezimfunda ecosystem.

Umlando sokudalwa

Ngisho kudala ngo-1939, abacwaningi baye wakhulelwa ukudala Peninsula Taimyr, a Nature Reserve ezinkulu. Lomlomo waso ehleliwe 1943, kodwa, ngeshwa, empini usephumile zonke izinhlelo. Khona-ke ukusungulwa endaweni evikelwe kuze kube 1949, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa ososayensi kunqatshelwe ngoba isimo nje encishisiwe endaweni evikelwe endaweni izinhlelo. Ngaphezu kokukodwa Taimyr Biosphere Reserve ithole kudume. indawo Lohleliwe enwetshiwe ukuba amahektha 10 million ukuze kuvikelwe hhayi kuphela izilwane ezingavamile nezinyoni ezifana reindeer, must inkabi, ihansi obomvu, kodwa kwakuyiyo yonke ecosystem Taimir emathafeni, kusukela Byrranga ashisayo futhi kuze kufinyelele emikhawulweni arctic.

namanje-ke wakwazi ngokusemthethweni ukubhalisa esiqiwini "Taimyr" ngo-1979. Lezi zihlanganisa Logatskoe futhi Verhnetaymyrskoe ihlathi, amagatsha "Lukunsky" futhi "Ary-Mas". Ngo-1994, kuze kufike endaweni ebekelwe njengoba indawo sesikhashana zinamathele angasogwini nasemaxhaphozini foothill emathafeni arctic. Namuhla, abacwaningi benza konke okusemandleni ukuze sandise ezindaweni ezivikelekile.

Yemvelo namathafa Reserve

Ezokuphepha zone itholakala eNhlonhlweni Taimyr. Abahleli ephethwe ukumboza ezihlukahlukene namathafa: emathafeni ase-eningizimu, zasezindaweni ezibandayo ejwayelekile, ihlathi nezimfunda. "Taimyr" The reserve itholakala ngaphakathi eyiqhwa, ukufinyelela mayelana 0.5 km. Ezokuphepha zone ikakhulu esisogwini impumuzo flat, ilapho uqhubeke River kuyinto owumthelela Khatanga. Lapha kukhona ichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Taimyr, kanye namachibi eziningana ezincane.

sezulu Taimyr

izici sezulu we Taimyr Reserve kakhulu zincike lo mkhuba ebusuku polar. Kule ndawo, kuthatha kancane kuka izinyanga ezimbili, ngosuku polar luthatha izinsuku 83. Taimyr Peninsula ebusika ihlala izinyanga 10, ngezinye izikhathi kuze 8. Kodwa ehlobo ikakhulu kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka June futhi ihlala kuze Agasti. Ebusika, ezindaweni flat lokushisa kugcinwa ngaphakathi -45 ° C, nasezintabeni thermometer sehliselwe -60 ° C. Ehlobo, a ukufudumala abukhali, kungenzeka lokushisa kanye +30 ° C, kodwa uhlala akukho isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto.

Izimila nezilwane of Taimyr

Reserve izimila ukumboza zahlukahlukene kakhulu. zone Okuvikelwe ihlukaniswe eningizimu, a emathafeni ejwayelekile futhi arctic. Ezingxenyeni ezingaphakathi enomoya izitshalo Arctic akuzona okungaka. Kukhona zitholakala ngokuyinhloko moss, matted futhi luzula seqhwa, ohlanzekile foxtail, YWCA polar. emathafeni ejwayelekile acebile, lapha ungathola Kunezinhlobo eziningi wona, sedge arktosibirskuyu, pitting dryad. Izinguqulo eziningi kunazo kuthinta endaweni eseningizimu, ngoba kukhona amahlozi birch yemifino, Alder futhi willow, Ubuye currant obomvu, zasendle rose. Emithambekeni zingatholakala colutea Dyke, cystopteris fragilis, Dryopteris Izinhlobo esinuka nezinye enyakatho.

Nakuba isimo sezulu ezibandayo nokhahlo, kodwa isilo unothile Taimyr Reserve. Pets ikakhulu emelelwa reindeer zasendle, must izinkabi, Ermine, kukhona izimpisi, lynx. Ukudla main ezidla futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ebaluleke kakhulu emathafeni ase kuyinto ophilayo a lemming. Lezi zinyoni reserve and izilwane zitholakala ezifana izinombolo ezinkulu ukuthi ngisho akucaci ukuthi babekwazi kanjani ukondla imvelo abampofu ezibukeka ezinjalo. Nakuba-ke kuphela kubonakala kunjalo, eqinisweni, kuba umkhiqizo okusezingeni eliphezulu begazi izitshalo imifula kanye namachibi amaningi inhlanzi, namagundane ande ngokushesha, ngakho bayakwazi ekondleni abaningi white izikhova, izimpungushe, Falcons futhi zezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama nezilwane ezincelisayo.

Izilwane ezisohlwini Incwadi Red

Bhuka "Taimyr" uvikelekile abameleli abaningi nezilwane kukhona on the esengozini yokuqothulwa. Ososayensi ukwenza ukuze andise inani lazo. Phakathi ezincelisayo njengoba zenyathi ezisengozini kuhlanganisiwe Laptev isilwane sasolwandle esikwaziyo futhi ukuphila ngaphandle ezweni esinamazinyo azingxavula, polar bear kanye must inkabi. Izinyoni okuningi: ihansi obomvu breast, ukhozi elimhlophe-tailed, peregrine uheshe, dada encane, piskulka Eider, merlin, sandpiper ezibanzi-akhokhiswa, pink gull Sabine sika, sandpiper Icelandic nabanye.

Yini ukubona eNhlonhlweni Taimyr?

Mayelana izinqolobane Russian ungakhuluma eziningi, kodwa kufanele ubone ngamehlo akho konke lokhu ubuhle. Taimyr okude, kodwa namanje kunomvuzo ukuze sibekele eceleni isikhathi ukumvakashela, ngoba ziningi izindawo eziningi ezithakazelisayo. Okokuqala, kutuswa ukuya Museum. Eyokuqala ngokuzinikela ethnography nemvelo, kanti eyesibili - ucwaningo ku mammoth, kanti eyesithathu - Dolgan poetess Ogduo Aksenova. Esikhathini indawo Ukuvikelwa ingabonwa kwi Laptev isilwane sasolwandle esikwaziyo futhi ukuphila ngaphandle ezweni esinamazinyo azingxavula rookeries zenyathi, ehlathini, etholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe. On emfuleni Dyabyaka-Tari kukhona izinsalela zezilwane zasolwandle, somunye isikhathi Jurassic.

Akuwona wonke izinqolobane zomhlaba neRussia ube nezindawo eziningi kangaka ezithakazelisayo ukuvakashela, bangaki kubo eNhlonhlweni Taimyr. Phezu Taimyr emfuleni ungavakashela emanxiweni asendulo yabazingeli ngoba izinyamazane, kanti kukhona ngokuphelele ngisho phakathi amabili isiphetho leminyaka. Abantu abaningi bayoba nentshisekelo ukubheka emanxiweni bomkhankaso ubusika Chariton Laptev nabahloli bamazwe, kanye iziteshi polar okulindele Cove, avalwa ngalesi sikhathi. Futhi kakhulu izakhamuzi esiqiwini uqobo. Lapha usuku lonke ungabukela izinyoni nezilwane, they are kasibili asesabi abantu, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukubheka kubo kusukela uhla close.

izinqolobane ezinkulu Russian

Kunezindlela eziningana ezinkulu izindawo zemvelo wokuvikela. Map reserves Russian kuzosiza bonke abafisa ukuthola ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana lezi zindawo eliyingqayizivele futhi ezikhangayo yabo. Abalandeli ungavakashela nasemahlathini Altai esifundeni. Esiqiwini iwukuba nezilwane eziningi ekhaya, izitshalo ezibalulekile zikhule. Buryatia itholakala eziyinkimbinkimbi temnohvoynotaezhny. inqolobane iBaikal ihlanganisa Khamar-Daban futhi ugu oluseningizimu yeChibi iBaikal.

Futhi uzinake Primor. Kukhona inqolobane "Cedar Pad", lapho kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-800 zama-izitshalo zinhlobo eningizimu nasenyakatho. Futhi kule zoni zokuphepha, ungabona izilwane ezifana nezinyamazane nezimagqabhagqabha, le Ussuri Procellariiform, ingwe, zaseHimalaya black bear, raccoon inja nabanye. Reserve Russia eziningi, abanesithakazelo kakhulu abacwaningi of yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, kanye izivakashi abavamile.