Thermal ukubala walling: isibonelo sokubala kanye nomklamo. Formula ukushisa ubunjiniyela ekubalweni imiklamo ekuvikeleni

Ukudala ezenza yokuhlala noma umsebenzi umsebenzi eyinhloko ukwakhiwa. Eziningi zezindawo zezwe lethu ku Ezindaweni enyakatho ne sezulu esibandayo. Ngakho-ke, ekugcineni lokushisa ukhululekile ezakhiweni njalo kweqiniso. Nge ukukhula izimali ngoba amandla nokuncipha energy ukusetshenziswa Ukushisa kuziwa ziza kuqala.

idatha zezulu

Ukukhetha ukuklanywa izindonga nophahla kuncike ngokuyinhloko izimo zezulu kwendawo ukwakhiwa. Ukuze ubone ukuthi kubo, sicela ubheke SP131.13330.2012 "Isakhiwo Climatology". Ngo izibalo, amanani alandelayo asetshenziswa:

• izinga lokushisa kwe-enomoya izinsuku ezinhlanu nokuvikeleka 0,92 ezikhonjiswe Tn;
• nezinga lokushisa luchazwa ngegama Omunye;
• ubude besikhathi, ZOT okhethiwe.

On isibonelo Murmansk eziguquguqukayo kunalezi zincazelo ezilandelayo:

• TH = -30 deg;
• Lokho = -3,4 degrees;
• ZOT = izinsuku 275.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuba ucacise lokushisa kulinganiselwa ngaphakathi egumbini TV, kunqunywa ngokuhambisana GOST 30494-2011. Ukuze izindlu kungathatha TB = 20 °.

Ukuze enze Thermal ukubala walling ngaphambilini ibalwa value GSOP (idigri wosuku Ukushisa isikhathi):
GSOP = (TB - One) x ZOT.
Ngo Isibonelo sethu GSOP = (20 - (-3.4)) x 275 = 6435.

izinkomba ezisemqoka

Ukuze ukukhethwa efanele izinto wokuvikela imiklamo edingekayo ukuze sinqume ukuthi izici ezishisayo bona ube. Ikhono into ukuqhuba ukushisa libhekene conductivity yayo ezishisayo, okhonjiswe incwadi ngesiGreki l (lambda) kanye ulinganiswa W / (m x °.). Ikhono isakhiwo nilondoloze ukushisa libhekene yayo nokudlulisa ukushisa ukumelana R isilinganiso ukujiya kanye conductivity ezishisayo: R = d / l.

Uma isakhiwo siqukethe izingqimba eziningana, ukumelana ibalwa kusendlalelo ngasinye bese wafingqa.

Ukumelana ukudluliswa ukushisa kuyinto inkomba ezinkulu isakhiwo yangaphandle. Inani layo kumele ledlula inani standard. Buciko ukubala Thermal we imvilophi isakhiwo, kudingeka sithole ukuthi le kwezomnotho kulingane indlela yokwakheka izindonga nophahla.

conductivity ezishisayo

ukusebenza Thermal ngokuyinhloko kunqunywa conductivity ezishisayo. Ngasinye impahla eqinisekisiwe sihamba izifundo laboratory, okwaphumela ukubaluleka kunqunywa izimo zokusebenza ukuze "A" noma "B". "B" izwe lethu iningi ezifundeni sihambisana nemibandela yokusebenza. Buciko Thermal ukubala walling ekhaya, kufanele usebenzise lesi silinganiso. ezishisayo conductivity amagugu eziboniswe ilebula noma ishidi idatha leyo nto, kodwa uma kungenjalo, ungasebenzisa inkomba abakuzuzile Ikhodi. Amanani ngoba izinto ethandwa kakhulu tibalwe lapha ngentasi:

• Ekuxhakathisweni isitini abavamile - 0,81 W (deg mx.).
• Umsebenzi Wamatshe of Silica isitini - 0.87 W (mx deg.).
• Le gesi amagwebu (ukuminyana 800) - 0,37 W (mx deg.).
• Softwood - 0.18 W (deg mx.).
• Extruded polystyrene Foam - 0,032 W (deg mx.).
• Mineral uvolo (ukuminyana 180) - 0.048 Watts (deg mx.).

Isici ukubaluleka ukumelana ukudluliswa ukushisa

Inani Kulinganiswe ngo ukumelana ezishisayo kufanele kube ngaphansi kwenani isizinda. Inani base kunqunywa ngokuvumelana Ithebula 3 SP50.13330.2012 "Ukuvikelwa Thermal kwezakhiwo". Ithebula ikhomba okuza ukubala kwegciwane ezishisayo ukumelana amagugu azo zonke izakhiwo Uhlaka kanye isakhiwo izinhlobo. Eqhubeka odlule Thermal ukubala walling, isibonelo ukubala simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• Rsten 0,00035h6435 = + 1.4 = 3.65 (m x K / W).
• Rpokr 0,0005h6435 = + 2.2 = 5.41 (m x K / W).
• Rcherd 0,00045h6435 = + 1.9 = 4.79 (m x K / W).
• Rockne 0,00005h6435 = + 0.3 = 0.62 (m x K / W).

Thermal ukubala walling zangaphandle libaphatheleni bonke imiklamo, ukuvala loop "efudumele" - phansi emhlabathini noma phansi tehpodpolya, izindonga zangaphandle (kubandakanya amafasitela nezicabha), enamathela kuhlangene noma ukunameka elisophahleni unheated. Futhi, kufanele ukubala ukwenziwa ngenxa izakhiwo yangaphakathi, uma izinga lokushisa ephonsa amakamelo eduze ingaphezu 8 degrees.

ukubala Thermal izindonga

Iningi izindonga naphansi yendlela aklanywe ngayo multi-egqinsiwe futhi heterogeneous. ukubala Thermal walling multilayer isakhiwo simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:
R = D1 / L1 + D2 / L2 + dn / ln,
lapho n - kwemigomo ungqimba n-th.

Uma sicabanga odongeni lwezitini lemva ke sithola lokhu okulandelayo:

• i olwelwesini usimende ukushuba 3 cm, a conductivity ezishisayo ka 0,93 W (mx deg.);
• Umsebenzi Wamatshe corpulent ubumba izitini 64 cm, a conductivity ezishisayo ka 0,81 W (mx deg.);
• wangaphakathi ungqimba usimende ukushuba 3 cm, a conductivity ezishisayo ka 0,93 W (mx deg.).

Formula ukushisa ubunjiniyela ekubalweni imiklamo ukuvikela simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

R = 0,03 / 0,93 + 0,64 / 0,81 + 0,03 / 0,93 = 0,85 (m x K / W).

Inani etholwe kakhulu esingaphansi ngaphambilini kuchazwe reference value ukumelana ezishisayo of izindonga e efulethini endlini Murmansk 3.65 (m x K / W). Udonga akusho sihlangabezane nezimfuneko ezingokomthetho futhi udinga ukwahlukanisa. Ukuze ukwahlukanisa udonga usebenzisa amaminerali uvolo 150 mm conductivity uqweqwe ezishisayo of 0,048 W (mx deg.).

Ukulanda uhlelo ukwahlukanisa, kufanele isethwe ukuhlolwa Thermal ukubala walling. Isibonelo ukubala aboniswe ngezansi:

R = 0,15 / 0.048 + 0,03 / 0,93 + 0,64 / 0,81 + 0,03 / 0,93 = 3,97 (m x K / W).

Inani okuholela mkhulu base ebalisisiwe - 3.65 (m x K / W), nge ukwahlukanisa odongeni ukwanelisa izidingo ikhodi.

Ukubalwa ukugqagqana ezinengilazi kuhlanganiswe kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo.

Thermal ukubala emabhilidini contact inhlabathi

Ngokuvamile emizini yabazalwane noma ezakhiweni zomphakathi, phansi phansi yokuqala eyenziwa phansi. Ukumelana Thermal samaphansi akuyona zilandele izilinganiso ezithile, kodwa njengoba isakhiwo phansi okungenani akufanele uvumele namazolo. Ukubalwa izakhiwo nabo phansi wenziwa kanje: izibuya bayahlukaniswa babe amabutho (band) ububanzi 2 amamitha, kusukela emngceleni yangaphandle. esishintshashintshayo okunjalo zabelwe ezintathu endaweni esisele iphathelene zone lesine. Uma kungenjalo enikeziwe ukwahlukanisa ngempumelelo, ukumelana ezishisayo of ezindaweni ezilandelayo esithathwayo ukwakhiwa phansi:

• Zone 1 - 2.1 (m x K / W);
• Zone 2 - 4.3 (m x K / W);
• Zone 3 - 8.6 (m x K / W);
• Zone 4 - 14.3 (m x K / W).

Kulula ukuqaphela ukuthi kwesigaba esijana phansi usodongeni yangaphandle, aba maningi ukumelana ukudluliswa ukushisa. Ngakho ngokuvamile kungagcini ukufudumala azungezwe phansi. Kanjalo ukumelana ukudluliswa ukushisa indawo sengezwe ukumelana nokushisa isakhiwo ukushisa namakhaza.
ukushisa sokudlulisa ukumelana phansi kufanele zifakwe ekubalweni Imininingwane Thermal ukubala walling. Floor ukubala Ngokwesibonelo Ngobujamo sichaziwe ngezansi. Lokucabanga endaweni phansi 10 x 10 ilingana 100 m.

• Zone 1 endaweni kuyoba 64 m.
• Endaweni zone 2 kuyoba 32 m.
• Area 3 endaweni kuyoba 4 m.

Isilinganiso ukumelana ukubaluleka ukudluliswa ukushisa phansi emhlabathini:
Rpola = 100 / (64 / 2,1 + 32 / 4,3 + 4 / 8,6) = 2,6 (m x K / W).

Emva kokuqeda i-azungezwe we ukwahlukanisa phansi EPS setshe ukujiya 5 cm umugqa ububanzi 1 imitha, sithola ukubaluleka isilinganiso ukumelana ezishisayo:

Rpola = 100 / (32 / 2,1 + 32 / (2,1 + 0,05 / 0,032) + 32 / 4,3 + 4 / 8,6) = 4,09 (m x K / W).

Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi ngale ndlela ibalwa hhayi izibuya kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuba kwakhiwe le izindonga nabo phansi (udonga izibuya lalihlehliswa, Basement efudumele).

iminyango ukubala Thermal

Ngandlela-thile ngendlela ehlukile ibalwa base ukubaluleka ukumelana ezishisayo yokungena iminyango. Ekubaleni yayo uzodinga kuqala ukubala ukumelana ezishisayo ezindongeni sanitary-yokuhlanzeka nenqubo (nevypadeniyu amazolo):
PST = (Te - TS) / (x av DST).

Kube DST - lokushisa umehluko phakathi kwangaphakathi odongeni surface kanye lokushisa air egumbini kunqunywa imidanti ethile futhi izindlu kwaba 4.0.
av - ukushisa sokudlulisa Coefficient elingaphakathi odongeni kobuso PO kuyinto 8.7.
Inani base esithathwayo alinganayo 0,6hRst iminyango.

Umnyango design abakhethiwe liyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlolwa Thermal ukubala walling. Ukubalwa Isibonelo umnyango:

WFD = 0.6 x (20 - (- 30)) / (4 x 8.7) = 0.86 (m x K / W).

Lokhu value ebalisisiwe kumelwe ilingane umnyango, ngci amaminerali uvolo 5 cm obukhulu. Its ukushisa ukudluliselwa ukumelana kube R = 0.05 / 0,048 = 1,04 (m x K / W), okuyinto mkhulu ibalwa.

izidingo Complex

Izibalo izindonga, Uphahla lwangaphakathi noma enamathela kuyenziwa ukuhlola imithetho into njengabantu abahlakaniphile ngokwezwe. Rulebook futhi wathola imfuneko ephelele izinga ukwahlukanisa wokuvikela imiklamo bebonke. Lokhu value ubizwa ngokuthi "izici ezithile ukushisa-ukuze sivikeleke." Ngaphandle yokuqinisekisa ayenzi iyiphi Thermal ukubala walling. Isibonelo ekubalweni SP unikezwa ngezansi.

UJakobe = 88.77 / 250 = 0.35, okuyinto ngaphansi kwenani ezingu 0,52. Kulokhu, endaweni kanye umthamo kuthathwe Ezezindlu Ubukhulu 10 x 10 x 2.5 m ukushisa ukumelana -. Equal base amayunithi.

Inani Kulinganiswe ngo kunqunywa ngokuhambisana kuwumsebenzi ohlanganyelwayo, kuya ngevolumu ekhaya eshubile.

Ngaphezu izidingo olunzulu umdwebo up izitifiketi amandla ikhonze Thermal ukubala walling, isibonelo yokubhaliswa passport lunikeziwe isijobelelo ukuze SP50.13330.2012.

ukufana Coefficient

Zonke izibalo ngaphezu ziyasetshenziswa izakhiwo eyohlobo. Yikuphi e mkhuba ngempela ezingavamile. Ukuze akhawunti heterogeneity ka kuchaye ezishisayo yethulwa thermotechnical homogeneity ukulungiswa Coefficient - r. Ucabangela ushintsho ukumelana ezishisayo ayisungula iwindi futhi umnyango kuvuleka, engele yangaphandle, inclusions heterogeneous (isb amabhuloho, nemishayo, nemibundu, eyiqinisa amabhande), amabhuloho abandayo nokunye.

Kubalwa lokhu isici ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho ngendlela lula angasebenzisa amagugu okuyisibonelo ezincwadini. Ngokwesibonelo, i-akhiwe - 0.9, isangweji panel - 0.7.

ukwahlukanisa ngempumelelo

Ukukhetha uhlelo ukwahlukanisa ekhaya, kulula ukubona ukuthi izidingo yokuvikela yesimanje ezishisayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukwahlukanisa ngempumelelo cishe kungenakwenzeka. Ngakho, uma usebenzisa bendabuko ubumba isitini, amatshe kudingeka elingamamitha ambalwa aminyene, engesiyo kwezomnotho ingenzeka. Nokho, conductivity ongaphakeme ezishisayo ukwahlukanisa yesimanje esekelwe polystyrene noma idwala uvolo kusivumela ukhawule ugqinsi of 10-20 cm.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukufinyelela ukubaluleka base ukumelana ezishisayo 3.65 (m x K / W) edingekayo:

• ngezitini odongeni ukushuba 3 m;
• Umsebenzi Wamatshe zikasimende 1.4 m;
• amaminerali uvolo ukwahlukanisa of 0.18 m.