Tower of London. History of the Tower of London e-London

Castle Tower of London ingenye ezikhangayo esemqoka UK. Lena akuyona nje lesikhumbuzo omangalisayo lathumela, uphawu ukuthi unendima ebalulekile emlandweni kwamakhosi ngesiNgisi.

Indawo

Ingabe Tower of London e-London, eMfuleni iThames. Lena sezakhiwo endala eNgilandi. Phakathi nomlando wakhe omude eMbhoshongweni kwadingeka isikhathi sokuvakashela esigodlweni, inqaba, ijele, i Observatory, e-zoo, a Mint, arsenal, Igumbi waseBritish umqhele amagugu, kanye nendawo ezikhangayo izivakashi okuvela emhlabeni wonke.

ukwakhiwa

Tower of London Yakhiwa ngezigaba eziningana. Kumila umlando wokwakha izingxenye eNkosini Wilhelm mina, okuyinto ngokushesha ngemva kokunqotshwa British Land sekuqalile ukwakhiwa izinqaba ukuzivikela ukuze ukwesabisa bendawo. Njengengxenye yalolu esiqakathekileko 1078 eMbhoshongweni lamiswao esizeni i Fort ezindala zamapulangwe. Kwaba wamaqhuqhuva esikhulu Fort Ubukhulu 32h36 m, ukuphakama 30 m. Ngemva kokufa uWilliam mina olandelayo enkosi yaseNgilandi wayala ukuba kwakhiwe upende e nombala omhlophe, ngemva kwalokho ukwakhiwa wabizwa ngokuthi "White Tower". Inkosi Richard omunye imibhoshongo Lionheart eziphakeme ezahlukene zazakhiwa nezindonga enamandla, imigqa emibili ozungeza isakhiwo omkhulukazi. Round Tower amba emhosheni ezijulile, benza kube esinye nezivikelo ungenakunqotshwa kakhulu eYurophu.

iziboshwa Famous

Tower of London wathatha siboshwa kuqala 1100. Zaba Bishop Ralph Flambard, ngubani, ngasendleleni, ngesikhathi esisodwa wathatha ingxenye esebenzayo ku kwakhiwe le nqaba. Life Prelate ngaphansi ukhiye uyabukeka ngempela - wayengumuntu efulethini omangalisayo, basijabulela isifundo ehlukile, banambitha iziphuzo okumnandi futhi izitsha. Nokho, isiboshwa seqile kusukela eMbhoshongweni ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, usebenzisa intambo, azinikeza nojeke iwayini. Isiboshwa esilandelayo, Griffin, uMbusi Wales, waboshwa eminyakeni Fort 150 futhi wafa (iphahlazeka) ngenkathi izama ukuzibalekela. bawa Ngemva kwalokho zibe abantu disfavour ka igazi okwesibhakabhaka njalo uba yisiboshwa eMbhoshongweni. Kube wavakashela amakhosi France neScotland (uJohn II, Orleans Karl kaJakobe no-Scots mina) kanye Abapristi izicukuthwane degrees ahlukahlukene iziqu. Le nqaba abadumile liye laba yindawo zokubulala olunegazi nokubulawa. Khona babhujiswa bafa izikhulu engamahlongandlebe - a Edward V ngonyaka nambili ubudala nomfowabo Richard, abulawe Korol Genrih VI.

Iziboshwa behlaliswe ezindaweni khulula, ukunqunywa inkululeko kungaba yinoma yini. Umsunguli we Pennsylvania eNyakatho Melika, Penn Uilyam, kwaba eMbhoshongweni ngenxa nje yezinkolelo zabo futhi ngachitha izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili. UMbusi Orleans, Charles, waboshwa enqabeni ukuba eside ngeminyaka engu-25 futhi washiya ngemuva oyokhokha isihlengo omkhulu ngaye. Reyli Uolter - courtier, usosayensi nomhloli wamazwe - stints emithathu ebhadla ejele, futhi ayethanda ke Badonsa ingqikithi yeminyaka eyishumi nantathu. Wakhulela e-Castle Garden ugwayi gqama isizungu ubuhlungu ngokubhala enomthamo omningi "Umlando we-World."

izinhlelo Matrimonial futhi ukungaboni ngaso linye kwezenkolo

indawo Sinister zokuhlukunyezwa e Tower of London yathoma khona ngemva ukubusa esihlalweni sobukhosi uHenry VIII, isifiso indlalifa esisemthethweni kabani esijulile umenze omunye amashinga emlandweni of England. Henry waphula ne yamaGreki namaRoma Church, wenqaba ukuqaphela isehlukaniso yakhe kumkakhe wokuqala, anquma ngomzuzwana - Anne Boleyn, asikwazanga esizalela indodana, besusa ngendlela efanayo ngokutadisha yesihlanu - Govard Ketrin, futhi alihlangani zonke izidingo zayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo inkosi eziningi abantu esiphakeme abafela eMbhoshongweni.

Edward VI, yinkosi yase-England, baba ozokwenza okufaneleko kuyise, futhi akazange skimp on isigwebo sokufa. Indodakazi kukaHenry VIII - Maria - wayengumKatolika oshisekayo futhi ngolaka elwela ukuhlanzeka ukholo, naye wayengeke akwenze ngaphandle iminikelo yegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu enobudlova, kanye sobukhosi, ngokushesha ikhanda imbangi yakhe eyinhloko ekulweni esihlalweni sobukhosi - nesithupha Lady Jane elimpunga. ababhikishi Abaningi babulawa phakathi nokubusa Mary, kodwa Queen elilandelayo of England - Elizabeth - equalized futhi kanzima asebenzelana ngayo ngaphambili yanukubezwa Katolika wakhe. History of the Tower of London ugcwele ekujezisweni zobudlova ngokumelene abantu abavelele abaye bawela ihlazo ngenxa yezizathu zenkolo.

Kwakube nokuhlukunyezwa

iziboshwa ayizinkulungwane eziningana ezazisemizini Tower. Nokho, amadoda amabili kuphela futhi abesifazane abahlanu baklonyeliswa nelungelo lokuphakelwa ikhanda ensimini ka enqabeni abadumile. Abathathu balaba izicukuthwane babe izindlovukazi: Dzheyn Gray (sobukhosi yayithatha izinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye), Ketrin Govard no-Anne Boleyn. iziboshwa ephezulu ozalwa Ngaphansi babulawa eseduze, eMbhoshongweni Hill, lapho bahlangana abalandeli eziningi kwabantu. Isidumbu lobugebengu ababulawa kwaba yisifundo yokungcwaba emboniselweni. Castle Tower of London esitolo egumbini elingaphansi isidumbu sakhe e iziboshwa 1500.

Zokuhlukunyezwa zeziboshwa Tower Kwakuseshwa kuphela kwemvume iziphathimandla. Ngakho, Gay Foks, isigebengu ababezama ukushaya up the iziNdlu zePhalamende e 1605 kwaba omncane bahlala endaweni yokubeka umbhoshongo. Lokhu emvimba igama amagama ngaphambi kokubulawa masterminds neziqhumane Sakhiwo.

Tower - indawo sokuboshwa emlandweni wamuva

Uma sobukhosi oyiNgisi uCharles II, iTower of London e-London cishe akazange agcwaliswa iziboshwa. Ukubulawa zokugcina eMbhoshongweni Hill senzeka ngo 1747, kodwa umbhoshongo abadumile kwaba ejele, futhi ezikhathini zanamuhla. Ngo kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ke isiqediwe, bese esingu nanye izinhloli German. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II iziboshwa zempi labetibambile emboniselweni, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Rudolf Hess. Umuntu wokugcina ukuze abulawe emboniselweni, uJakobe noJosefa, wabekwa icala lobunhloli futhi wabulawa ngo-1941. Iziboshwa lokugcina Tower babe ngo-1952 abazalwane-ezigebengu Cray.

Okunye ukusetshenziswa umbhoshongo

Tower of Tower of London yaphumelela-zoo njengomkhaya, uhlalwe izilwane zakwamanye amazwe. Isiko yasungulwa ngekhulu XVII Henry III, wathola isipho izilwane ezimbalwa bese emnikeza yokuhlala ngesikhathi inqaba abadumile. Phakathi nokubusa U-Elizabeth I, zoo wavula izivakashi. Kuphela ngo-1830 e-Tower menagerie uyekwa.

Eminyakeni engaba ngu-500 emboniselweni eziqhutshwa legatsha le-Royal Mint. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Tower igcinwe izibambiso zomthetho kanye nohulumeni, kanye nezempi yebutho zasebukhosini inkosi ngokwayo.

Guard inqaba nengcebo WaseBrithani

ukuphepha Special eMbhoshongweni eladabuka 1485. Isigodlo unogada inqaba ngelika Beefeaters (kusukela English "yenkomo", okusho ukuthi "yenkomo"), ngoba ngisho neminyaka enzima kakhulu ekudleni izwe onogada enesibindi eMbhoshongweni kufakwe ingxenye enkulu ye inyama. Ngakho IsiZulu ohlanga ngokwayo enikeziwe abavikeli okuthembekile.

Umbhoshongo kuyinto isigodlo "reyvensmaster" (likansumpa amagwababa), okuyinto unomthwalo wokunakekela umhlambi amagwababa ezihlala emboniselweni. Inganekwane yasendulo ithi, uma lezi zinyoni black ushiye Tower of London, UK uzohlupheka amabhadi. Ukuze iqhude musa ngimuke, namaphiko awo ushayiwe.

Esikhathini inqaba kukhona ingcebo WaseBrithani. Bakhandwa esiqashwe rangers ekhethekile. Izivakashi bakwazi zibabaza amagugu lwasebukhosini olusukela ekhulwini XVII. Phakathi amagugu okuhloba abadumile - kwekulu emhlabeni iphathwa idayimane I. Kullian

Tower kwebhuloho

Enye mbono okhazimulayo of England idume Tower Bridge eLondon. It lethiwa ngenxa ukusondela ukuba inqaba abadumile. I Ibhuloho eliphakanyiswayo elingena elinqamula uMfula iThames lakhiwa iminyaka engamashumi amane 1886-1894. Ubude bayo 244 amamitha. Ukwakhiwa itholakala ephakathi kwalezi zakhiwo ezimbili, ukuphakama - 65 amamitha. Amavesi emaphakathi has a ubude 61 metres, ihlukaniswe yaba amaphiko amabili, okuyinto engase ibuzwe ngokusebenzisa i-engela 83 ° uma kunesidingo. kwephiko ngalinye unesisindo esingamathani angaba angaba inkulungwane, Nokho, sibonga counterweight ekhethekile, unonyaka ehlukanisile ngomunye ngomzuzu. Ekuqaleni span waqalisa esebenzisa amanzi ohlelweni wokubacindezela. Ngo-1974, ezifanelekayo ukufuya mshini ibhuloho inikwa amandla yi-i drive kagesi.

Abahamba ngezinyawo akwazi ukuwela amabhuloho, ngisho nesimo lwenkomo olufakwe amanzi - kuba phakathi izakhiwo enikeziwe yokuxhuma umbhoshongo ezingeni ukuphakama 44 m igalari. Abakwazi ukukhuphuka izitebhisi, etholakala ngaphakathi kwemibhoshongo. Ngo-1982, igalari waqala ukwenza umsebenzi emphemeni observation Museum. Tower Bridge (Tower Bridge), London wajabulela engengaphansi ethandwa ngaphandle inqaba edumile kakhulu.