Tsaritsyno sigodlo esikhulu: incazelo emfushane

Tsaritsyno Palace nguye elikhulu izingxenye eyinhloko i Ensemble, wadala ngekhulu le-18. Ngeshwa, lesi sakhiwo lalingalokothi lisetshenziswe inhloso yazo, kodwa izimo zawo yezakhiwo kukhona obungenakuphikwa, ukuthi ikuvumela ukuba zihlanganisa isakhiwo ohlwini ezikhumbuzo eziphawuleka kakhulu kwenkathi, le Bole ukuthi senziwa izitayela ezimbili ezahlukene. Ukwakhiwa kwenziwa phakathi nenkathi ngokwanele eside: kusukela 1785 kuya 1796

Umlando sokudalwa

Nokho, ukuklanywa we isakhiwo okungewakho V Bazhenov, wahlola ukwakhiwa iNdlovukazi wahlala neze, ngakho umbhali isuswe kusukela ubuholi. Kunalokho, wamiswa umngane wakhe kanye nomsizi M. Kazakov, esaqeda ukwakhiwa. Tsaritsyno isigodlo esikhulu laqedwa mbumbulu isitayela, kodwa izici ezisobala classicism, okuyinto ekupheleni kwekhulu, kwakuqala ukwanda futhi ekugcineni waba indinganiso izakhiwo.

Le nguqulo yokuqala isakhiwo kuhilela ukwakhiwa izakhiwo wosayizi omncane Nokho, umlobi entsha, kulandela akuthandayo of uCatherine II, washintsha olinganise. Ukwakhiwa baba voluminous ngaphezulu, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, usezuze a ukusinda ezithile e isakhiwo.

Ngo 1790, ukwakhiwa sanqamuka ngenxa yobunzima zezimali ngenxa yempi Russian-Turkish. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, inkantolo yaphinde yahlangana. Nokho, manje i-Tsaritsyno isigodlo esikhulu uye washintsha entsha: ngezabelo alo aye ancipha, isimiso, abephula ngenjongo umakhi. Kodwa maduze nje, iNdlovukazi wafa, entsha uMbusi uPawulu I yayala ukuqedela umsebenzi. Ngakho, isakhiwo lalingalokothi lisetshenziswe inhloso yazo.

izakhiwo

Ukwakhiwa Kuyathakazelisa ngoba ihlanganisa izitayela ezahlukene - futhi mbumbulu classicism. Kule umbono, isakhiwo kungenziwa ngokuthi okuqondene kwenkathi yenguquko emlandweni ukwakhiwa yezakhiwo.

Tsaritsyno Grand esigodlweni siqukethe amaphiko amabili, ngaphakathi okuyinto ezimbili ukuphumula: I-iNdlovukazi nendodana yakhe. Ingxenye phakathi ngaphandle ubukeka ngokubabazekayo ikakhulukazi kanye omkhulukazi, kodwa uhlelo kuyabonakala ukuthi le ngxenye is, eqinisweni, kuyinto ndima ewumngcingo phakathi ukuthula okukhulu ezimbili. Isakhiwo obucayi enamathiselwe kwalezi zakhiwo ezimbili ezinde, eyenziwe isitayela mbumbulu. Iya isiqondiso zokugcina kufake hlangana wakhomba yayinamakhothamo, nakuba iwindi empeleni singunxande.

izakhi ezengeziwe

Matvey Kazakov wanika ukwakhiwa okukhulu nokuzwana bobunjwa. Lesi sakhiwo has ezintathu olungaphambili lwesonto, nengxenye-amakholomu nokuthi ukuhlobisa isicabha. Ezinye izingxenye isakhiwo enamathiselwe osindwayo: umzimba onamandla, Arcade, lwaleli. nokubukeka yakhelwe ukubonisa amandla kombuso, kuyilapho umsebenzi wokwakha indlu yakhe kuhilela ukusondelana kakhulu futhi ifomu compact.

kabanzi mayelana kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ekuqaleni Matvey Kazakov obekumele ukwakha isigodlo amathathu phansi kanye phansi ahlukene, kodwa eminyakeni embalwa, ngesicelo iNdlovukazi, waphoqwa ukuba sinciphise ukuphakama kwalo ngenxa esitezi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwakheka kwaba esiyisigqigqi futhi ngandlela-thile awuzwakali kahle ukubukeka.

ukuphendula abantu besikhathi

Ngakho, umlobi we Big Tsaritsyno esigodlweni lakhiwa hambisa kwadingeka enze izinguquko eziningi ezaholela Ukungabi nobunye futhi ubuqotho ifomu sangaphandle isakhiwo. Ngo 1796 wamisa phezu kophahla abamnyama, okwabangela ukugxekwa umphakathi ke Russian. abaculi abaningi bathi uveza okuvelayo kunalokho udangele, naphezu imihlobiso isakhiwo.

Engxenyeni kwekhulu le-19 yesibili, abaningi baqala ukugubha kokufaneleka undoubted ezakhiwo izakhiwo: kusho ukuthi ukubukeka kuwo akuhlukile nomkhosi, futhi eziningi kangaka ahlinzekwa ukususa ophahleni abamnyama.

umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha

Enye yezinhlangano ezinkulu kunazo esigodlweni futhi epaki Ensemble yenhloko-dolobha kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi Tsaritsyno. Grand Palace, ukudalulwa ofakelwe yalokhu kubukezwa, kodwa yabuye yakhiwa kabusha baphinde balungisa kabusha isakhiwo e 2005-2006, okwabangela ukugxekwa ochwepheshe abaningi. Okokuqala abakhi esikhundleni ophahleni abansundu uphahla sihle nenhle nge imihlobiso leyo, eqinisweni, kwaba kokunikezwa kwe-design umklami. Okwesibili, thina sebeqedile ingaphakathi, okuyinto inguqulo yasekuqaleni futhi awukapheli. Kodwa izibuya embozwe impahla ezibizayo zezinto eziphilayo isihlahla ezibalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esigodlweni ahlelwe amakamelo amabili - "Catherine" futhi "Tauride" lapho nemibukiso. I Interiors abangu ehlotshiswe ebaziwe futhi Chandeliers uyahlanganyela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona esifanekisweni odumile Empress umsebenzi A.Opekushin.

Ngakho, manje eziyinkimbinkimbi Museum e isakhiwo, okuyinto izinikele wokubusa uCatherine II. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi esigodlweni lalingalokothi lisetshenziswe inhloso yazo, ke nokho unendawo ebalulekile emlandweni izakhiwo isiRashiya, njengoba kwaphawula ushintsho kusukela Gothic Traditional baraque eMoscow ukuba classicism.