Tselinograd esifundeni: incazelo, izici, izindawo kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Tselinograd esifundeni etholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho Kazakhstan. Ukuphatha lesifunda itholakala emzini Kokshetau. Region - Agro-ezimbonini, kodwa lunye main kuyinto ezolimo kanye ukucutshungulwa imikhiqizo yayo.

Imboni extractive (okumba uranium, igolide ore), imishini, izinto zokwakha production. Kukhona umkhakha zamakhemikhali ezithaka imithi.

kwendawo eklanywe njengomumo womhlaba

Akmola (Tselinograd) esifundeni itholakala phakathi Kokshetau eziphakeme (enyakatho endaweni) futhi zokhahlamba Ulytau (Southwest Region). amagquma Oyindilinga akhiwa granites, kwakhuphuka - quartzites.

INSIMU ephambana emfuleni Ishim. Northeast esifundeni liyingxenye West laseSiberia Plain.

Isimo sezulu libhekene ezwekazini, okuyinto ehlobo - hot futhi ebusika - abafileyo ebusika. Ngu inani lezinsuku libalele ifaniswe endaweni ezishisayo. Isithwathwa ihlala cishe isilinganiso sezincwadi izinyanga eziyisithupha. lokushisa ekushintshashintsheni njengoba yonyaka kanye diurnal kunalokho eningi.

Ingabe okungafani ngokwendawo izingxenye ezintathu: eseningizimu, enkabeni nasenyakatho.

Umbuso wasenyakatho ingxenye has a sezwe flat. Umhlabathi, ikakhulukazi Irtysh, anesihlabathi. Ngokuvamile kukhona usawoti emaxhaphozini nosawoti emachibini, ngokulandelana, e Lake ethile Dengiz (Tengiz).

Phakathi okuyingxenye is wayihlahlela izintaba ongaphakeme. Ukugeleza komfula Ishim, Nura noSara-Su. Lesi sifunda siyindawo asihambisani kahle ukuze uhlalwe abantu, nakuba kwezinye izindawo sisengakwazi. Nazi ezifakwa kanzulu zegolide, zethusi namalahle.

Ingxenye eseningizimu endaweni - kuba asemaqeleni elingenamanzi ehlane. Imingcele yayo ukhulise kusukela umthombo komfula Sary-Su kuze kufike emfuleni Chu. Le ngxenye ibizwa ngokuthi i-Umbhede-Nak-Dale, okusho "asemaqeleni Hungry".

Omakhelwane kwendawo zimi kanje: kusukela empumalanga - endaweni Pavlodar entshonalanga - Kostanay, enyakatho - North Kazakhstan, eningizimu - Karaganda.

Isifunda ihlanganisa 146,2 sq. M ndawo. km.

Umlando Tselinograd esifundeni

Tselinograd esifundeni linomlando othakazelisayo, phakathi ngalo uye washintsha eziningi, kokubili indawo futhi isihloko.

Ngokokuqala ngqá okukhulunywa indawo 1868, "Imininingwane Yesikhashana Regulations kubaphathi ezindaweni asemaqeleni we Orenburg neNtshonalanga laseSiberia Governor-Jikelele" lapho zifunda 6 kwamiswa ensimini ka Kazakhstan. Omunye wabo kwakungu-Akmola esifundeni (ophakathi nendawo emzini Omsk). Le ndawo ihlanganisa izifunda: Akmola, Petropavlovsk, Atbasar, Omsk futhi Kokchetav.

Ngo-1928, esifundeni Akmola is kuguquka Akmola Region, kodwa eminyakeni emibili kamuva, futhi wayenethemba iqedwe ngenxa entsha division zokuphatha-indawo.

Ngo-October 1939 Akmola esifundeni wabuyiselwa futhi. It yaba isikhungo emzini Akmolinsk. endaweni Administrative lalinabashumayeli izifunda eziyishumi nanhlanu, wadonsa kwaze kwaba 1960. Disemba 26, 1960 esifundeni kwaphinde amiswe, nenhloko-dolobha yalo Akmola wathola isimo Centre of Territory Virgin. Kodwa ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu Akmola ngokuthi Tselinograd (ngemva bephakamisa emazweni virgin), futhi ngo-April 24 esifundeni elalisanda kumiswa, kodwa ngokuthi Tselinograd, ezazihlanganisa izifunda 17 efakwe ohlwini.

Ukuwa kweSoviet Union, kwaholela ekutheni kube ushintsho entsha e Kazakhstan. Ngo-April 1992 Tselinograd kwaphinde kuqanjwe kabusha kuya Akmola, futhi esifundeni - ukuze Akmola. Owabe Tselinograd esifundeni, okuyinto izindawo zishintshile ngu Isinqumo kaMongameli Kazakhstan ngo-April 8, 1999, wasusa inhloko-dolobha yayo kusukela Astana (phambilini obuwaziwa ngo Akmola) emzini Kokshetau.

Amandla esiphezulu esifundeni

Akimat yiyona lesifunda esiphezulu igunya weRiphabhulikhi. Inhloko akimat (imeya), oqokwe nguMongameli weRiphabhliki.

Akimat Tselinograd esifundeni imelelwa Amahhovisi nanye emikhakheni eyehlukene yomnotho kanye ukuphila esifundeni kanye ama-ejensi ombuso ezimbili (uMnyango ukuvakasha kanye noMnyango tekutfutsa bagibeli futhi imigwaqo).

akimat ukuphathwa uhlelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesabelomali zesifunda, inhlangano imisebenzi ezomnotho kulesi sifundazwe. yemfanelo yabo ihlanganisa izindaba ezokuthutha, nokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba, ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo, umthetho kanye komthetho, kanye nabanye.

Okwamanje, akim oblast kuyinto Sergey Vitalevich Kulagin. Inhloko esifundeni wazalwa wakhulela e Akmola (Tselinograd) endaweni. Ukuze post ka akim yesifunda saphathwa kabili ngo-September 1998 futhi Meyi 2014.

Shortandy wesifunda

Ngenxa yalokho yezinguquko yamuva ngo-1939 liye landa ngokwendawo Tselinograd esifundeni: Shortandy District baba inhlangano yalo entsha zokuphatha.

Ikhaya wesifunda kubantu abathile 29 362. ukwanda kwabantu - 6.2 abantu / sq. km. Ngo Shortandynskom endaweni uhlala Russian 37%, 31,7% Kazakhs 8.3% Ukrainian, 7% lamaJalimane. Labo abasele abanga-16 amaphesenti ethulwa ubuzwe. Isikhungo zokuphatha besifunda itholakala Shortandy.

Le ndawo inabantu ka 4,700 amakhilomitha square.

Arshaly wesifunda

endaweni Vishnovsky Tselinograd esifundeni - okubizwa ngokuthi kuze 1997. Namuhla Arshaly District.

Le ndawo ehlasela besifunda kuyinto 5800 amakhilomitha square, kangakanani abantu 27.081 ekhaya. ukwanda kwabantu - 4.7 abantu / sq. km.

Endaweni ephilayo ngaphandle Kazakhs (37,3%), IsiRashiya (43.4%), isi-Ukraine (5.7%), amaJalimane (5.5%), Belarusians Tatar (ngaphansi kwama-2%), nabasePoland, Moldavians Ingushs Chechens, Bashkirs (ngaphansi kuka-1%).

Sandyktau wesifunda

Le ndawo, wakwazi 'sisinde "izinguquko ezimbalwa ne Akmola esifundeni. Kwakheka ngo-1928, ngesikhathi lapho esifundeni Akmola lalenziwa Akmola Region. Khona-ke, ngo-1936, wabizwa Molotov wesifunda. A Akmola oblast (eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, kakade ukubizwa ngokuthi Tselinograd esifundeni) kumephu ngo-1957 Balkashinsky wesifunda indawo yena, Molotov. Ngaphansi leli gama endaweni wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu-1997, lapho esebuyele igama zomlando - Sandyktau District.

Indawo ihlanganisa 6400 sq. km. On insimu yalo inabantu 20.010, ukuminyana - 3.1 abantu / sq. km. Le ndawo ikakhulukazi kuhlale Kazakhs (20.13%), IsiRashiya (56.67%) namaJalimane (6.62%).

Amadolobha bekungenjalo kumephu

Stepnogorsk (Tselinograd esifundeni - Akmola sifunda manje) yasungulwa ngo-1959 e-km 199 kusukela ku Astana, kodwa uvele on amabalazwe kuphela engxenyeni 80s yesibili. Ukufihla kwalesi sigodi kwakubangelwa sihlale kuwo "Tselinny Imayini Chemical Hlanganisa" futhi "Stepnogorsk ucwaningo lwesayensi futhi base ezimbonini." Esokuqala siphathelene ukucutshungulwa uranium-ore, kanye "isizinda" - ukuthuthukiswa nekhiqiza izikhali bacteriological.

Inani labantu base-umuzi sezizwe ezihlukahlukene (bezizwe phezu 70). Russian akha ngaphezu kuka-50% yesizwe sonkana, Kazakhs - 34,5%.

Okwamanje, amabhizinisi edolobheni ukukhiqiza igolide, i-uranium kanye molybdenum.

endaweni City Alekseevka Tselinograd (manje Akmolinsk) yasungulwa ngo 1965. Kuyinto ngaphakathi esiteshini sesitimela Ak-Cool. Wamabhizinisi zezimboni has a creamery isitshalo ukukhiqiza zokwakha. Okunye amabhizinisi zihlanganisa kukajantshi.

Umuzi ngokwawo ehambisana kabanzi nge esiteshini sesitimela Ak-Kul, kusukela buqala kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso kuncike avaliwe. Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa ukuwa elilinganisiwe UFOs kanye umsebenzi ekutadisheni esikhundleni ukuwa kwakhe.

Okwamanje, Lomuzi ubizwa ngokuthi Akkol.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Ukuphela XVIII - Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX - enkathini enzima kakhulu Kazakh Khanate Junior kanye zidlamlilo Ephakathi: kuphangwa njalo haunted Kazakhs omakhelwane, ophoqelelwe ukufuna ukuvikelwa umakhelwane walo enyakatho - eRussia.

Kumiswa Tselinograd ndawo ngqo exhumene ne umzabalazo ngokuzijamela Kazakhs, okwaholela ukuba ukusekelwa Russian.

Ngo Stepnogorsk ngasebenza Kanatzhan Alibayov - Isazi samagciwane ezaziwayo, uchwepheshe emkhakheni ukubhebhetheka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, i-biotechnology, ngokuzivikela komzimba ezifweni. Ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, ukukhiqizwa lahlelwa lokulwa uhlobo izifo esabekayo njengoba yalesisifo.

Ngo 1990-1991, wabahola ukuvala Alibayov ukuthuthukiswa hlelo kanye ukukhiqizwa kwezikhali ezingamagciwane.

Isifunda yaziwa uMbuso iNational Natural Park "Burabay", wadala ngo-2000. Lesi siqiwu ithatha amahektha ayizinkulungwane 83,5. On insimu yalo kukhona 14 amachibi. Omunye wabo (Lake Borovoe) kuyinto resort obaluleke kakhulu ezweni. Azungeze ichibi zitholakala emahlathini asezintabeni, futhi-ke, engapheli Kazakh emaqeleni. Ukuze ubuhle bayo kwepaki ngokuthi "Kazakh Switzerland". Emahlathini zendawo ungathola izilwane zasendle: i-lynx yase, impisi, izingulube zasendle, amaphiva, izinyamazane nezinye izilwane.

Eduze esifundeni dolobha sesibili State National Natural Park - "Kokshetau". Kudinga okungaphezu nje "Burabay" endaweni - ayizinkulungwane 182 amahektha. insimu yalo has a lot of emachibini, ezintabeni, emahlathini, emathafeni. I amachibi atholakala whitefish futhi ripus - zinhlobo eyigugu zezinhlanzi. Izivakashi uphiwa njengoba izintaba kanye nehhashi ogibele, kanye ithuba uhlale bendabuko Kazakh yokuhlala.

Ekuphetheni

Akmola (Tselinograd) esifundeni oluthatha indawo prime: elandelayo izifunda letitfutfukile yeRussia, njengoba Novosibirsk, saseTomsk, Tyumen, Omsk izifunda kanye Urals.

Okwamanje, waqinisa ubudala futhi usebenze ngokwanele izibopho entsha kwezomnotho kanye izifunda Russian. Kukhona ukunwetshwa emakethe kwezimpahla kanye nemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa esifundeni.