U-Oliver Cromwell: Biography of umkhuzi webutho. Imiphumela yomlando we Protectorate of Cromwell

U-Oliver Cromwell - ingenye izibalo edume kakhulu isimo British. Ayedumile sibonga impumelelo yakhe yempi futhi kabusha.

Biography: Kromvel Oliver. Kafushane: ukuphila ngakho ngaphambi kwempi,

Wazalelwa 1599 e Huntingdon County. umninindlu umndeni yayihlupheka ngezindinganiso elite English isikhathi. Oliver lozalo usukela emuva kokubusa kukaHenry VIII. Senzeka ngaleso sikhathi uhlobo lwe ngakwazi ukwenza imali eshisiwe, kwathathwa ezweni esontweni, futhi, mhlawumbe, ukuze uthole isihloko eliphakeme. Isizukulwane Cromwell kwakuthandeka inkosi, futhi Tomas Kromvel , aba ngisho nayindlela umeluleki uHenry iminyaka 8.

Maphakathi County - edolobheni efanayo Huntingdon - Oliver imfundo yamabanga aphansi wayithola. Umkhaya ngokuqinile banamathela samaPuritan 'umoya'. Ngakho-ke, eminye izifundo Cromwell waqhubeka Sidney Sussex College, okuyinto yayaziwa namasiko alo namaProthestani kaCalvin, okuyinto esivela kanjalo Puritanism. Imfundo yomthetho Sciences, uThomasi wayengekho ngesikhathi ngendlela ethandwa nguye, futhi kungakabiphi wayeseya ayeka. Ngesikhathi ukuphikelela izihlobo, wathatha umfazi indodakazi umninindawo encane.

Ukuqala kulwiwa

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17 eBrithani lalingu ezikhulayo ukunganeliseki kuhulumeni. Kwamakhosi ngokuphelele weNkosi Charles angikwazanga lokufeza izinguquko ezidingekayo. NeSilo, esekelwe iSonto LaseSheshi, uye kakhulu ziyancipha kwethonya ephalamende. Lokhu kwamsiza ukuba ubuyisele ubudala ezweni intela nokulawula uhlelo. kugucuka enjalo iye yadala intukuthelo phakathi kwabantu, okwaholela kuvukela.

Abasekeli Puritanism abangu ephalamende yizinkampani ezimbalwa, eziningi zazo abasekeli ngokulinganisela kulondolozwe igunya kobufundisi. Kodwa ingxenye amaPuritan wadala ephathini "Roundheads" - inhlangano olukhulu YamaProthestani, injongo okwakukhona ngokusebenzisa revolution lokuketula nkosi. It babenezinkinga-Oliver Cromwell.

Ironsides abakhwele amahhashi

Ukuqala kulwiwa angabhekwa komzamo weNkosi ukuba abophe amalungu ePhalamende ezinhlanu. Ngemva kwalokho, izinhlangothi ezimbili baqala ukubuthana amabutho. The Royal Army has a abakhwele amahhashi obunamandla bokuthi wamnika inzuzo enkulu. IPhalamende ibutho lalinabashumayeli nabezempi ngubani lokuqala bathatha izikhali. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho Cromwell Sinqume ukudala squad bamahhashi, owakwazi ukulwa emuva mabutho wasebukhosini.

Oliver yena wayengekho ezempi kanye asiphumelelanga ukuqeqeshwa, kodwa iminyaka zemlevladelchestva wamnika umbono mayelana ogibele. Ekuqaleni kwempi, waba induna ihhashi lamabutho zabantu, anamanci mahlanu. Wabafundisela ukuhlasela phakathi kwababusi futhi ukuhlasela okuvela flank. Phakathi ukulwa, amahhashi Cromwell labetibambile side by side futhi ehlaselwa kunye, kuyilapho mabutho bobukhosi, ehlanganisa i abantu eliphezulu ekilasini, ohlaselwayo nemiyalezo. Innovations ngokushesha yaba nemiphumela emihle, futhi u-Oliver Cromwell waba induna iqembu adumile "Ironsides Cavalry."

Combat iyunithi kwadingeka fighters ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 2. Bonke baye ihlolwe futhi Ukukhetha esiqinile. Isosha ngalinye kwaba umsekeli abashisekayo amaProthestani kwamaPuritan. U-Oliver Cromwell wamenqabela ukwenza ukuphuza nokugembula ekamu yona iqembu. Ukuziphatha okuyisibonelo futhi ukuzithiba eyaba nemiphumela inkulumo-ze ithonya. Abantu bendawo bayahlonishwa abstainers bomlilo bakamalalahlengezela ujoyine ibutho abasephalamende. Ikamu icekelwa ukuncika isigaba sabefundisi imvelaphi. Ngakho-ke, le phiko kakhulu obumbene futhi enobungane. Ukuze isibindi futhi siqine ku mabutho yempi ka Cromwell wethiwa igama elithi "Ironsides".

Mastering North

Maphakathi no-ihlobo 1644 amabutho ePhalamende besho ukuvinjezelwa York - Isiphephelo oyinhloko wobukhosi (royalist) uhulumeni eNorth. Zombili izinhlangothi wayekuqonda ukubaluleka okungavamile amasu ka edolobheni, ngakho-ke, ebekelwe lolu wemboni amabutho ayo engcono. Korol Karl wathumela umshana wakhe Rupert ukusiza lo ovinjezelwe ngokwesabeka ngokubeka ikampu edolobheni. azowalekelela ezesabisa ophoqelelwe ibutho ashona abasephalamende. Ekhuthazwe yindlela impumelelo, Prince Rupert ahlangana ndawonye lonke ibutho zasebukhosini bamasha Marson Moor, ngenhloso ukuphula ibutho "Roundheads".

Julayi 2nd ngesandla eyakhelwe ukuze lwempi, elinde impi. Adume "Madoda" in inani 6000 phikisa lixuku bamahhashi owayehola U-Oliver Cromwell. Umkhuzi kwesokunxele zigciniwe a Leli qembu elincane nabagibeli Irish izimo ezibucayi. I Cavaliers wafika Marson-Moore ibutho 17000th. Abasephalamende kwakungokomnikelo ayizinkulungwane 10 ngaphezulu. Kodwa le mpi kuncike kakhulu abakhwele amahhashi imisebenzi. Cromwell wawusempumalanga lontamo. Wayala amadoda akhe ukuba liphuke ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo futhi ukwenza njenge yomkhakha owodwa. Rupert ngokumelene abakhwele amahhashi yena embukisweni lancers ngemikhonto eside, okuyinto washaya nabagibeli ingxabano oqondile.

Fight in Marson-Moore

Ngezinye 5 ntambama kwakuqale bombardment ukuthethwa kwecala. Ngemva 2 chasa kudlalwa ipayipi futhi lamabutho Cromwell baphuthuma ukuhlasela. Kuyo agijima wamabutho phezulu kube nempi enkulu. Kusukela imizuzu lokuqala royalists waqala push nabaphikisi. Athintekayo qualitative bokuphakama bomlilo. Zonke nabagibeli abangu Rupert ebuntwaneni abaqeqeshelwé eziyisisekelo izikebhe ezempi. U-Oliver Cromwell walimala empini wasuka ukubopha. Kuleli qophelo, wayaleza squad reserve hit flank ka "Madoda." Iqhinga yathela izithelo, isitha iphutha. Bese Ngidlale Oliver ukubheja phezu kuhlasela ahleleka ezihambisanayo. Sputtered endaweni nabagibeli esikhulu Rupert ayikwazanga ukuxhuma ukuhlela ukumelana, kuyilapho abasephalamende amabutho kakade kabusha futhi yomkhakha owodwa umkhankaso ukuhlaselwa ezintsha.

Imiphumela impi

Ngenxa a yimpumelelo isinyathelo amahhashi Cromwell, yi-royalists ebusuku eyabhujiswa ngokuphelele. Enkundleni yempi wahlala amanga amasosha 4,000, ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane bathunjwa. Army abasephalamende elahlekile amasosha angu-300 kuphela.

Ukunqotshwa kwe-amasosha lwasebukhosini olusukela Marson-Moore Kwakuwukunqoba sokuqala esibalulekile amavukelambuso. Mastering York avunyelwe abasephalamende ukuqapha yonke North. abakhwele amahhashi Cromwell wafakazela practice ukuphakama ukuhlaselwa amaqhinga amasha phakathi kwababusi. Furious, Prince Rupert wathi Oliver Cromwell, "cishe Ironsides, izikhathi ungase siphumelela" (engenakuqinisekiswa esemthethweni izitatimende).

U-Oliver Cromwell: uLieutenant General yebutho ePhalamende

Wakhombisa Cromwell amakhono jikelele wamenza induna zonke ezindaweni eziqhelelene lempi ePhalamende. Ngokushesha waqala kumiswa ibutho imodeli entsha, isibonelo "Ironsides" nabagibeli bakhe. I absolutist eNgilandi wathola isikhulu ezinhlwini kuncike esigabeni sabaphathi zabo emphakathini. Ibutho entsha, lo mthetho uyekwa. izikhundla eziphezulu aphethwe abantu ababonisa amakhono abo practice. Lokhu kuye kwaba negalelo nokubumbana nasebunyeni amasosha. Futhi, lezi zinguquko ziye zavunyelwa ngabantu. Abalimi kulendawo encane steel mass enamathiselwe amalungu ePhalamende.

New imodeli ibutho

wamabutho ezintathu engaphumi zidingidwa ngamunye futhi ngqo ongaphansi kweziphathimandla zempi kuphela, baye ibe eyodwa, ababebalelwa abantu abayizinkulungwane 22. imithetho eqinile yesiyalo ngokwephulwa zazo kwakuxhunyaniswa izinhlawulo ezahlukene zabekwa. Isimo salo amasosha asekelwe abefundisi. Nye of them were samanje ngqo enkundleni yempi, ukugqoka izembatho abamnyama. ukuqeqeshwa sezenkolo fighters in umoya Puritanism, Cromwell enamathiselwe obaluleke ngokukhethekile.

Ngobusuku obandulela abamele amazwe empumalanga, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola izidingo impi, kusho ukungakwazi siqhubeke sisekela. Army kabusha kuzonciphisa izindleko zezimali. Ukubhapathizwa kwakhe okwenziwa ephalamende entsha ibutho wathola empini Nesbit, inqobe kumhambela phezu "Madoda."

wokubusa Cromwell sika

Ngemva kokunqoba lokugcina phezu Cavaliers abasephalamende sakwazi ukumisa igunya labo. U-Oliver Cromwell wahola izwe. Nkosi uMvikeli (Cromwell isihloko) isungule ubushiqela kobushiqela 'nensimbi' oda. Wancika ukusekelwa ukulwa kwakhe comrades, ubani ngemva kwempi kwakuhlezi izikhundla ukhiye zokuphatha. La madoda ayenganelisekile Cromwell kweqiniso ngaphandle kwemibandela ukufeza zonke imiyalo yakhe. Ukwenqaba ukuthatha isihloko King, empeleni Cromwell waqinisekisa isimo republic of England.

intela uhlelo yabukezwa. Zonke kwemigwaqo emikhulu (ikakhulukazi lezimpahla indlela) is ngokuphelele kulawulwa ibutho. Ngalesi sikhathi waqala kwavukelwa eScotland nase-Ireland. Cromwell mathupha ehola ibutho ukucindezela kwazo. Ngemva ekubuyiseleni oda, wabuyisela igunya wePhalamende kanye House of Lords. Zonke abalandeli yenkosi zazihlushwa futhi beshushiswa. Ngezinye Lords ezasekela Royalists e kulwiwa, ashaqe impahla edingekayo sokuguquka. Lezi zenzo babemukelwa bakaCalvin nabantu abavamile.

Ukufa bese ubhala phansi umlando

U-Oliver Cromwell washona ngo-September 13, 1658. Isizathu okwakuthiwa ushevu (ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi iNkosi uMvikeli wabulawa umalaleveva). Umngcwabo we 'nensimbi' Oliver kwaba Chic. Kodwa ngemva kwabo ezweni waqala seziyaluyalu. Zonke phansi eNgilandi, kwakusondela igagasi lokushisekela disorder nalezo zinxushunxushu. IPhalamende waphoqeleka ukuba umeme kaCharles II, indodana yenkosi ababulawa sobukhosi. Ngemva Okuthwesa umqhele Karl ngaphambilini ukulawula Cromwell umzimba hang up, bese uthathe izingxenye 4. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abalimi ayenqatshelwe ngisho ukubiza igama elithi "U-Oliver Cromwell". Biography iNkosi isikhathi eside ngaphansi ukucwaninga.

Cromwell wehlela emlandweni njengoba umholi odumile lempi kanye wezinguquko. Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe bemthanda abantu abavamile. inqubomgomo yakhe iyisibonelo esivelele kaCalvin yeNengi. Izinguquko ekhiqizwa Nkosi uMvikeli kukhona isinyathelo sokuqala maqondana kokugumbuqelwa feudalism. Ekhulwini lama-20, wathola omngcwabo buso, okuyinto wangcwatshwa U-Oliver Cromwell. Photo okutholakele ngezansi. Ekugcineni, wembelwa kuphela ngo-1960 esontweni elilodwa of the amakolishi Cambridge.

Uma sisondela udaba kusukela Ngokombono ongokomlando, eminyakeni ye-republic kanye Protectorate yayingakuthinti isiphetho England, naphezu kwakho konke izinguquko ukuthi luzoqala U-Oliver Cromwell. Umlando ezimfushane eyiNgisi ovelele nokho kufakwe tinhlelo telucecesho Yiqiniso esiyisibopho wonke amanyuvesi zomlando British.