Joyina i-Astrakhan Khanate. -Kuya Russian Astrakhan State

Joyina i-Astrakhan Khanate eRussia waba ngokomlando moya, njengoba ezifundazweni eziningana kwakhiwa ngenxa ngokuwa Golden zidlamlilo futhi njalo ezilwayo bodwa, bathi ziyingozi waseningizimu mpumalanga ne-Russia. Izakhi ezibuthaka ezikulezi lizwe, ikakhulukazi uma futhi wayesezonikela ngo-mgwaqo yemizila yohwebo, siye sadinga njalo ube ngumsizi wabaningi, eqinile. Futhi contender zale ndima kwakungesinye ngokwanele.

Shard iGolden zidlamlilo

Astrakhan Khanate uvele ekhulwini XVI e Lower iVolga. It Tatar isimo kwamiswa emva kokuwa Golden zidlamlilo, futhi isendaweni ibhange kwesokudla iVolga. Inhloko-dolobha ye yakhe - Xacitarxan - elise 12 km kusuka Astrakhan samanje. Okokuqala, e 1460, kumiswa Big zidlamlilo, kuba ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi wangaphambili zidlamlilo Golden. Kwakuthinta eliholwa Han Mahmud, owayehlezi enhloko-dolobha - edolobheni likaSarayi. Amadodana akhe amabili wangaba namandla, futhi Hasim esenyukele sifinyelela engezansi iVolga, kwakha umbuso ehlukile. ukuzimela Okugcwele ke etholwe 1502, ngemva kokunqoba amabutho we YaseCrimea Khanate phezu amabutho zidlamlilo Omkhulu.

umakhelwane inzuzo

Lapho Hasim phakathi eMoscow, lapho eseneminyaka Ivan III, futhi Haji-Tarkhan esungulwe ubudlelwane ukuhweba. Ihamba ngosawoti zazivela sifinyelela engezansi eMfuleni iVolga-dolobha. Wonke umlando Russian ebonisa ukuthi ukuhweba nge Russia kunezinzuzo kuphela zombili. I Haji-Tarkhan wayeyisigqila nemakethe ekulu, nemikhiqizo evela emazweni amaningi, bagxila. Nokho, e-Astrakhan Khanate Asikaze amandla eqinile ezimele. Ukuba endaweni ekahle kakhulu, bekulokhu inyamazane efiselekayo nomakhelwane bayo nangale. Crimean futhi Khanate Kazan, Nogai zidlamlilo, uhulumeni bakha ngenxa ngokuwa Golden zidlamlilo, futhi uhlala phakathi iVolga futhi Urals, Khorezm - base engakwenqeni sibamba umakhelwane buthaka. Ngisho Turkey wazama ukusungula Khanate lokulawula.

umdlalo double

Joyina i-Astrakhan Khanate wayethola kwi-ajenda. Zonke izinduna Tatar isimo nge eMoscow babedlala umdlalo double. Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezisobala ukuhweba futhi ubungane bakhe Russia, Khan Abdul Rahman yasayina isivumelwano imfihlo nge eCrimea naseTurkey. Nakuba ngaphambili, ngo-1533, ngaphansi kwethonya 'party Russian "wawubumba enkantolo yakhe generously ebathenga Russia, e-Astrakhan Khanate lwaphetha ngezithombe EMoscow ukuhweba landiswa futhi isivumelwano zezombusazwe, lapho bexoxa ngobungane nosizo mutual. kuxhumana ngqo namatheminali Astrakhan Khanate waqala ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Ivan le Kubi. protege eMoscow Derviş Ali kanye Abdul-Rahman kusuka 1533 kuya 1556 izikhathi eziningana kuphumelele nomunye esihlalweni sobukhosi.

A protege eCrimea kanye Turkey

Kuphela iminyaka 1552-1554 emzabalazweni wabo waphumelela ukwenza eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini omunye protege eCrimea - Yamgurchi oziphatha, kuhlanganise ukuboshwa kanye ekudingisweni inxusa Russian, badiniwe ngokunjalo ke umbusi waseRussia, nabo 1554 wayewathathile uhambo lokuqala kuya izindonga Xacitarxan . Kodwa ekuhlaleni Astrakhan Khanate wayengakakhazinyuliswa umgomo. Babefuna wafaka eqinile ngaphansi kwesizwe eMoscow, wammisa phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi okufanayo Derviş Ali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngemva kokuwa Kazan Astrakhanskoye ubukhulu abathola sengozini saphela aziphathe eMoscow abadelelayo. Ngakolunye - kwaqina nobumbano eCrimea naseTurkey, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola ukwesekwa Yamgurchi. Ukuphanga kanye isixhumanisi kwesinye seziqhingi iCaspian Ambassador Sevastyana Avraamova ngakho esazithukuthelisa Ivana Groznogo, ukuthi phansi iVolga wathunyelwa Strugi kahle-wahlomisa amasosha angu-30 eziyinkulungwane. Baphila Ignatius Veshnyakov futhi Yuri Pronskiy-Shemyakin. Kule ngxenye amabutho ukushayela futhi Dervish Ali. Prince Vyazemsky nge ihlukane zabantu 2,500 futhi Danila Chulkov nge zokwakheka enkulu Cossacks isinyathelo ngokwehlukile.

Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela pragmatism

Wonke umlando Russian ifundisa izitha wezwe lakithi musa kuthuke zakhe ukuba ziziphathe ngenhlonipho ngamandla amakhulu, ngoba imoto kuyofika ngempela. "Indaba Astrakhan" waqala ngo-May. Zonke amabutho Russian okwakulindeleke ukuba ukuhlangabezana futhi bahlangane endaweni iphuzu encane phakathi iVolga kanye Don, ngokuthi Perevoloki. Leli lalinomcengezi futhi ukuyifinyelela amaviyo Nogai zidlamlilo Khan Ismail usizo eye ngofaka version esemthethweni umkhankaso. Abazange beze, mhlawumbe ngoba "East - a ndaba ebucayi." Kodwa bonke amaqembu efanayo futhi Viazemsky Pronsky ngokupheleleyo sephulwe sekukhona ukubahlangabeza abavikeli we-Astrakhan Khanate, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona lo Janissaries. Yamgurchi wabalekela Azov, ushiya konke - abafazi (Hanshi), izingane isithembu. Inhlokodolobha sathathwa ngaphandle kokulwa. Phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi wahlaliswa a protege eMoscow, ngikweluleke bazithoba kuye.

Nalapha futhi, "hala" efanayo

Kodwa okunamathiselwe langempela le-Astrakhan Khanate kwenzeka kamuva. Bese kuba khona le nkokhiso setha ukukhokha kwaba ngokweqile (ruble 1200 isiliva, 3000 wamamitha angu-2.5 Sturgeon, ukuhweba khulula kulo lonke Khanate), noma emoyeni enhloko-dolobha kwaba ezinjalo, kodwa Dervish Ali, kathathu perching ku Moscow sobukhosi, abe esehlanganyela ngasese nge eCrimea naseTurkey. Imizamo angumfelandawonye yokwenza iqembu efuna ukuphuma kwezinga Ismail, ekugcineni obnaglev, Astrakhan Khan ithumela kusukela dolobha yakhe umbusi waseRussia. Bona, yebo, wacela ngayo, futhi manje ngokuphelele futhi uxhumano langempela le-Astrakhan Khanate eRussia sasingagwemeki.

Ujezisa bese unamathisela

Injongo le mashi wesibili e-Astrakhan, umkhankaso entwasahlobo ka 1556, kwaba ukuqedwa ephelele ngokuzijamela Khanate. I impi ehlangene, eqinisweni, kwaba ingajezisa. Lalinama abacibisheli futhi izidlamlilo ze Vyatka, iVolga kanye Don Cossacks ukumasha ngamunye bebodwa makuqoqwe eduze Astrakhan. Inani amabutho akazange idlule 3,000, okubonisa ubuthakathaka Khanate zidla. Eqinisweni, umuzi uthathiwe kuphela ukuza izindonga zayo le lamabutho lokuqala iVolga Cossacks ngaphansi kobuholi Lyapunov Filimonov. Futhi, nakuba ngokuhamba Derviş Ali ngaphumelela amabutho kwezinhloko zamaviyo isiRashiya, ukunqoba kwase kuphelile, futhi Astrakhan ngaphandle izivumelwano okungene Russia.

Okulandelayo - Trans-Urals naseNyakatho eCaucasus

Joyina i-Astrakhan Khanate, usuku - Agasti 26, 1556, kwaba silwane siyagula futhi iye yaba nendima ebaluleke kakhulu ukuwohloka yokugcina izinsalela Golden zidlamlilo. Kancane kancane, base ingxenye yeRussia noma wavuma ngaphansi kwesizwe ukuncika ke: e 1557 - i-Nogai zidlamlilo, bese ngawo lowo nyaka Bashkiria. Futhi 1560, Russian isimo umngcele empumalanga senzeka esifundeni esise-Ural, eningizimu-mpumalanga - eduze Terek. Empeleni, Kazan bese Astrakhan Khanate ngokuwa kwakhe kwavula indlela okukhuthaza eRussia Urals, Terek futhi Kuban. Bese kubambana nelive letfu lokufanako kukhona umbuzo mayelana Ukungena esise-Ural, North-Caucasus. Kodwa-ke umbuzo inqubomgomo waseRussia angaphandle esikhathini esizayo, futhi yadibana iVolga esifundeni kule XVI ekhulwini Ivanom Groznym ngokugcwele, inqobo nje uma ukuhweba duty-free. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunqoba Khanate ka-Astrakhan ubavikele Imingcele Russia kusukela eningizimu, kusukela YaseCrimea Khanate, isitha eqinile futhi unomphela.