Ubani ngempela ongubani?

Umuntu ongokoqobo ngumuntu okwazi ukubona imvelo ngokwanele futhi uphendukela empeleni. Uma usondela kuleli gama hhayi ekubukeni kwezesayensi, kodwa ngesihumusho samahhala somqondo. Kodwa ngokuvamile ukuqonda okuvamile kwegama hhayi kuphela akusizi ukudalula okuqukethwe, kodwa futhi kuholela ekuchazeni kahle. Ake sibhekane nale mbono ejwayelekile futhi sizame ukudalula incazelo yayo yangempela. Ubani ongokoqobo? Lifihla leli gama? Ingabe ubuqiniso buholela ekuqondeni iqiniso?

Ubani ongokoqobo?

Isichazamazwi se-Ozhegov sinikeza incazelo emithathu yegama: umfundi wezikole langempela (ngaphambi kweRevolution), umuntu ocabangela izimo zangempela emisebenzini yakhe, kanti incazelo yesithathu yiyena olandela isiqondiso sobuqiniso.

Umqondo wembula okuqukethwe ngezindlela ezehlukene kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izindawo zobunikazi bokusiza. Ezincwadini nasebucikweni, ummeli womqondisi ozama ukukhiqiza ngokuphelele ngokoqobo emafomu obuciko. Ngokuvamile, ngokuya ngezinga lokuxhumana nelokuqala, inani lobuciko lomsebenzi linqunywa. Umuntu ongokoqobo ungumlandeli weqiniso.

Ngokwengqondo, umuntu ongokoqobo ngumuntu owanele emvelweni. Leli gama lichaza isimo sengqondo somuntu. Imithombo endala yale nkulumo ihlala efilosofi.

Philosophy of Realism

Umqondo ku-etymology yayo ubuyela emuva kwegama elithi "ubuqiniso". Isiqondiso ekuqondeni kwefilosofi ngokoqobo, okubona ukuthi kukhona khona konke okuyiqiniso, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyini inqubo yokuqaphela nokuqwashisa ngabantu. Abalandeli befilosofi abalandeli bezesayensi yemvelo ekutadisheni kwemvelo. Kuvele kusukela kulesiLatini igama elithi realis - "impahla", "yangempela".

Okunye okukwedlulele ukuphakanyiswa komuntu, noma isikhundla sokuphikisana kwemibono, abameleli bakhe basho ukuthi imibono yilabo abavela emoyeni wethu, ukuthi ngokwezinto azikho incazelo ngencazelo. Abakhethiweyo kanye nabalandeli bezezikhathi ngesikhathi sokufundela izifundo kamuva banikeza isizathu sokuchaza izinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo nezinto ezibonakalayo.

Umphikisi we-Realist

Ekucatshangweni kokuqala kokuqukethwe, kubonakala sengathi ungumuntu ongokoqobo onokuqonda okunokwethenjelwa ngezwe elizungezile. Kuyinto engokoqobo emlandweni wokuthuthukiswa kokwakha ukuthi iqiniso lingokwalabo. Ingabe kunjalo? Futhi kuleso simo, ukuphikisa okungafani nalokho okuyiqiniso - ingabe lo mgwaqo ongena emangeni? Ukungcoliswa ngokuphathelene nombuso wangempela wezinto?

I-idealist, lowo obhekisa iqiniso futhi enomqondo omuhle ngaye. I-Romantic ne-Realist Kubuciko bokudala bufanekisela izimiso ezimbili eziphambene. Umuntu ongokoqobo uyindoda yokuphila kwansuku zonke, ukuma ngokuqinile ezinyaweni zakhe, ekwazi ukubaluleka kwezinto. Esinye isithombe si-pragmatic.

Ukuqagela nokuThuthukiswa koLwazi kanye no-Art

Ukubukeka njengendlela eqondiswa ubuciko nobuciko bokubukwa. Umgomo wayo ukukhiqiza iqiniso elizungezile njengoba kuseduze kakhulu nomvelaphi walo wemvelo. Okunembile kakhulu - ukuphakama kwekhono lobuciko obuphakeme. Ngomphumela wonke wezithombe kulezi ziqondiso, isikhundla somlobi ngaso sonke isikhathi sifundwa: indawo, izimo "zokukhanyisa", isikhundla nesimo somuntu siqu somlobi. Kule ngxenye yomsebenzi iba ubuciko obuhle bokubuciko. I-realist iyinhloko yale ndaba.

I-Romanticism, ngenxa yobuqiniso obungamanga, ngokulahlekelwa kombono omuhle, ithola inani eliqondile ekukhohlisweni kokubona kwemvelo. Kodwa lokhu okungamanga kwembula iqiniso njengethuba elihle lokuba "abe." Lokhu kuyisisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kohlobo lobuciko lokuthandana nokubaluleka kwalo. Ngakho-ke, kungashiwo ukuthi boqobo boqobo kanye nomlingani we-romanticist balethe izindinganiso ngokwezindleko zobuntu bomuntu ekuqondeni umhlaba wangempela.

I-realist noma i-idealist? Ngubani oseduze neqiniso?

Incazelo yegama ekuqondeni kwanamuhla ixhuma umqondo nomuntu obona iqiniso ngokohlobo njengoba kunjalo. Ngokungafani ne-idealist, ngubani, ngokuphishekela okuhle, akaqapheli ubuhle bezwe elizungezile.

I-realist yiyona engcono kakhulu yezwe langempela. Uma kwenzeka umuntu ebona iqiniso elizungezile emgodini wokubheka izinto ezinhle futhi ebona ubuhle ngendlela ephawulekayo, udlulisela ikhono lakhe lobuciko, umuntu angasho ukuthi ufeza injongo yakhe emvelweni. Kanye ne-idealist, lapho ezama ukuqonda ukuphelela, uthola izinto emhlabeni ozungezile. Ikhono lokubona ubuhle, umqondo wobuhle ezweni langempela futhi ukuhumusha umbono womuntu kumsebenzi wobuciko ukuqokwa komculi. Kunezikhombisi-ndlela, njenge-abstractionism, engakwazi ukuxhunyaniswa neqiniso nganoma iyiphi indlela. Noma kunjalo, iqiniso liwukuhlanganiswa kwemibala kanye nombala wesimo sengqondo. Ngalo mqondo, umuntu uba umdali onencwadi enkulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikole, isiqondiso, isikhundla esiphathelene nezwe.