UCesar Frank: biography, izithombe namaqiniso athakazelisayo

Okuvamile, okungavamile, nobuntu obuyingqayizivele ebucikweni bomculo beFrance nezwe lomhlaba - uCesar Frank. U-Romain Rolland wabeka amazwi eqhawe lakhe uJean-Christophe amazwi okubonga kulo muntu. Ukholelwa ukuthi uFrank wayengenangqondo, ingcwele evela kumculo, eyamnika ithuba namandla okubhekana nokuphila, naphezu kokunciphisa okungapheli kanye nomsebenzi odelelekile, ukucaca komphefumulo nomphefumulo ophazamisayo. Futhi ngenxa yalokho, nokumomotheka okuthobekile, okwavutha ngokukhanya umsebenzi wakhe.

Ubuntwana

UCésar Frank wazalelwa emndenini waseJalimane waseBelgium ngo-1822, ngoDisemba 10. Ubaba womqambi wesikhathi esizayo wayengomndeni wasendulo wenkantolo abadwebi baseFlemish. Mhlawumbe yingakho waphawula ekuqaleni kwethenda eliyingqayizivele yendodana yakhe. Kodwa ukuhlakanipha komuntu owezimali owawunqoba ekuziphatheni kwakhe kwenzelwa ubaba ukuba asebenzise isipho sikaFrank omncane ngenxa yemali emihle.

Lapho eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala, uCesar ungena kwi-Conservatory yedolobha laseLiege, okuyiziqu ezithweswa iziqu e-piano ne-solfeggio ekilasini ezinezinhlonipho zeminyaka emine. Ngomnyaka we-1835, umlimi wesikhathi esizayo wenza ngokuvumelana nomsoprofesa odumile uDassuan.

Ubaba, washaywa yimpumelelo enkulu yendodana yakhe, ehlelwe ngo-1835 kuye amakhonsathi amaningana e-Aachen (edolobheni lomama), eLiege naseBrussels.

EParis. Impumelelo yokuqala

Ekupheleni kuka-1835, umndeni wathuthela enhlokodolobha yaseFrance. Lapha umculi omncane emva kweminyaka emibili yezifundo zangasese noProfesa A. odumile ujoyina i-Conservatory (1837). Futhi ngokungabi nobuzwe beRiphabhulikhi yaseFrance, uCesar wabhaliswa njengomuntu ohlukile, kodwa uFerenc Liszt, ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo, akazange amukele eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambili.

Kusukela ngo-1838, uCésar Frank wathola umklomelo njalo ngonyaka ekuvivinyweni kokuqeda izigaba ze-organ, piyano kanye ne-counterpoint. Kusukela emncintiswaneni wokuthola umklomelo we-Roman Prize, umculi wenqabe futhi, ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kukayise, wabuyela eBelgium, lapho okwesikhathi eside enza khona njenge-organist-virtuoso, kaningi njengomdlali wepiyano.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imisebenzi yokuqala yomculo kaCesar ivela. Ngo-1943 - Piano Trio kanye nemidwebo embalwa kamuva ye-oratorio ethi "Ruth".

Unyaka Wokuguqula

Umngcele ovelele womlobi wawungumnyaka ophawulekayo we-Fifth Republic - 1848. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uCésar wenqaba umsebenzi wekonsathi, enquma ukubandakanya ngokucophelela ukubhala, futhi ashade. UFelikite wakhe othandekayo u-Musso uyindodakazi yabadlali abakhulu beFrance Comedy Theatre.

Ukufuna ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi okwenzekayo ngosuku lomshado ekuqaleni kokuguqulwa - ngo-Febhuwari 22. Abashadayo babeze "benenhlanhla" - kwakudingeka bahambe emshadweni baqede iziboshwa ezihlubukile.

Ukusekela umndeni, uCesar kufanele anikele izifundo zangasese ezingapheli. Emaphephandabeni amaningi kwakungenzeka ukuthi afunde isimemezelo sakhe sesiphakamiso sokunikeza isifundo sokuvumelanisa kwezemfundiso nokusebenza, kanye ne-pianoforte, counterpoint ne-fugue. Lo msebenzi ophazamisayo, okhandlayo wansuku zonke wamxosha impilo yakhe yonke ngomqondo wangempela wezwi. Ukuya kumfundi olandelayo, umqambi, ngokudlula i-omnibus, wathola ukulimala, okwabe sekufa.

Ubumnene beFlemish

Kungenzeka ukuthi nguye owanika ithemba elinjalo lobubele, elivusa ukuzwelana okungapheli kwabantu besikhathi sakhe kanye nenzalo. Zonke izinselele zokuphila ezahlulekayo, azikwazanga ukuzamazama amandla kaKesar. Ukuhamba kubafundi bakhe, umqambi wayecabanga ukuthi ukuhamba kube usizo futhi abuyisele impilo, wabheka ukunganaki kwehholo ekusebenzeni kwakhe indalo ukuze amukele kahle. Umqambi wakwazi ukujabula nokujabulela noma yikuphi, ngisho nomcimbi ongathandeki.

UCesar Frank (ibhayisikobho yakhe iyisiqiniseko salokhu) wayenembile, enesibopho, enomusa futhi enokuthula, naphezu kokuba zonke izinsuku zakhe zazizithokozisa kakhulu: ngo-5 owedlule umqambi wasukuma, amahora amabili "azisebenzela" (njengoba ebiza isikhathi sokudala ), Ngehora lesikhombisa sase isesifundweni sokuqala. Ekhaya uFrank kwakungenxa yesidlo sakusihlwa. Futhi uma ngemuva kwalo bekungekho amakilasi okuhleliwe, bese uphinde unikeze isikhathi izingoma zakhe. Umsebenzi onjalo ongenabugovu hhayi ngenxa yezinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa ngenxa yempilo yakhe, ukuzinikela ekufundeni nasekhono eliphakeme, abangane bomngani nabangani bakhe bomculo babizwa ngokuthi yi-feat.

Ukuphelela akunazibopho

Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, uFrank, engalaleli uyise, wathumela futhi enhloko-dolobha yaseFrance. Lapha uqeda "Okuzwakalayo entabeni" - inkondlo ye-symphonic esekelwe emisebenzini kaVugo, futhi wenza umsebenzi omkhulu kwi-opera, ayibiza ngokuthi "Inceku Eqashisayo."

Ngonyaka ka-1853, uFrank Cesar wamukelwa umlobi esontweni likaSaint-Jean-Saint-Francois du Mare. Isikhathi sokuphelela siqala. Umqambi uthuthuka ngokuqhubekayo amakhono okwenza, okungukuthi inqubo ye-organ improvisation kanye nokuhamba ngezinyawo.

Ekuqaleni kwenyanga eyedlule ngo-1859, imizamo yakhe yavuzwa: iSonto likaSanta Clotilde lamnika ithuba lokudlala kulolu hlelo olusha, olusanda kuqedwa lomsebenzi we-Aristide Cavaillé-Colle. Kule nsimbi, uCésar Franck wasebenza kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe.

Isizwe saseFrance

Ngo-1871, uFrank wabuzwa ukuba athathe ubuholi beqembu lesigaba, esashiya uFrancois Benoit. Isimo sodwa kwakuyisizakhamuzi saseFrance, uKesari asamukela. Phakathi nobusika ngo-1872, uFrank waba yinhloko esemthethweni ekilasini - uprofesa womzimba, kunokuba abeke isiko eside, kamuva ebizwa ngokuthi "isiko elikhulu." Futhi njengoba i-conservatory kuqala kokuqondiswa kuqala yi-opera, isigaba sikaFrank saba yiqembu labaqambi. Akukhona kuphela abafundi ababhalise esikhungweni semfundo, kodwa futhi nabafundi bekhululekile, abamukela imibono emisha ekufundeni, ngokusekelwe ezimisweni zikaBeethoven noBach, babefunda ngenjabulo.

Phakathi kwabafundi bakaCesar kukhona inqwaba yezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni jikelele, kuhlanganise noGuy Rooparts, u-Ernest Chausson, uVincent d'Andy nabanye.

Ukuqashelwa

Ukuphumula kakhulu kwafika kumdali. Ngo-1885 kuphela umqambi odumile nomlobi othole umklomelo ovela kwi-Order of the Legion of Honor, futhi ngemva konyaka wamiswa njengomongameli weNational Music Society.

Ukuqashelwa komhlaba kwafika ngemva kokufa komqambi. Futhi namuhla umculo kaCesar Frank uvusa ukukhathazeka komphefumulo.

Ifa elikhulu

Kusukela ngo-1874, imisebenzi eminingi yezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo ezahlukene zadalwa nguCesar Frank. I-Fugue ngokuhlukahluka, i-oratorios eminingi, izingoma zepiyano, isitho, i-chamber ensembles, njll.

Iminyaka yabafundi ibhalwe ngamanani amaningi okuhluka kwe pianoforte. Abagxeki bezobuciko bakholelwa ukuthi abamele isithakazelo esikhethekile njengomsebenzi womculo, kodwa khombisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ezimangalisayo zokudlala upiyano.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona ama-Big Sonatas ne-First Symphony ye-orchestra enkulu. Ukubheka amarekhodi e-biographical, wenziwa e-Orleans kungakapheli ngo-1841.

Imisebenzi yokuqala engathí sina - ama-trios amathathu (i-pianoforte, i-violoncello ne-violin), yabhalwa ngo-1842 no-1843. Ngokusemthethweni babhekwa ngokuthi "i-opus yokuqala" yomqambi. Leaf, owayenobungane noFrank, wamangala ngokuthembeka kwengxenye yokugcina yesithathu futhi wakhuthaza kakhulu umqambi osemusha ukuba ashicilele njengomsebenzi owodwa, ophelile. Ngendlela, uFerenc Liszt wayevame ukusekela uCesar, esiza ukushicilela.

Umsebenzi omkhulu, ochwepheshe bokuqala abaqeqeshiwe, kwakuyi-oratorio ethi "Ruth".

Ekuqaleni kwama-50-ama-aes asuka epeni lomqambi uhamba "ePulatat evela epulazini" (ama-comic opera) nethi "Tower of Babel" (oratorio).

Ngo-1869, uCesar wadala imisebenzi yakhe engcono kakhulu, ngokusho abahlaziyi bezobuciko, i-oratorio ezinxenyeni eziyisishiyagalombili ze-choir, i-orchestra ne-soloists ye-"Beatitudes".

UCesar Frank "uPanis Angelicus" wabhala ngo-1872. Lona umculo wesonto, ubeke emazwini omthandazo kaTomas Aquinas. "Isinkwa sezingelosi" (i-orchestra, i-tenor ne-choir) yakhulelwa njengengxenye yesonto. Kodwa-ke, yathandwa kangaka kangangokuthi ngokushesha yabonakala njengedlala elizimele. Umculo owawubhalwe uKhesari wanikeza udumo lomhlaba wonke ngomthandazo, oye waphila iminyaka engaphezu kuka-600.

Izingcezu eziyisithupha

Le yimisebenzi yokuqala ebalulekile yoMdali. Iminyaka emibili, kusukela ngo-1860 kuya ku-1862, Indalo yadalwa nguCésar Franck. I-Prelude, i-Fugue nokuhlukahluka yizinto zokusebenza ezizimele eziphelele. Kubo, umqambi wakhetha imodeli ye-baroque triptych, ehamba kahle e-ballad yothando.

Izithelo ezinamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye

Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-1879 no-1886 umqambi wabhala okuningi. Ngakho wadalwa i-quintet ye-pianoforte. Ngaphansi kwethonya likaHerriz no-Romanticism, inkondlo ye-symphonic ethi "The Damned Hunter" yashicilelwa. Okuqhubekayo "i-Djinn" (ye-pianoforte ne-orchestra), i-chorale, ukuhluka kwe-symphonic ye-piano ne-orchestra. Ngemva kwesikhashana i-prelude ne-aria yabhala i-pianoforte ne-orchestra Cesar Frank. I-Sonata ye-violin ne-piyano yenziwa ngo-1886 futhi ifomu elibhalwe ngesandla linikezwe ngesipho somshado ku-violinist omkhulu E.Izay. Emva kokuzivocavoca okuzenzekelayo, u-Eugene wadlala kulo mkhosi futhi akazange ahlanganyele nalesi sidalwa esikhulu kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe.

Ngokungahlonishwa yizethameli ezenziwa amakhonsathi eNhlangano we-Conservatory ngo-1889, i-Symphony e-D encane isiphelile. Kodwa waqhubeka esebenza, ngoba wayeqiniseka ngokuphumelelayo komsebenzi wakhe nguCésar Franck. I-symphony e-D encane ayizange ibe yilapho i-symphonic symphony emva kwemisebenzi edumile kaBerlioz, kodwa futhi yayihamba phambili engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19.

Kwabhalwa kuye izinyathelo ezintathu zomzimba. Ziyabonakala njengendlela yokushintshashintsha komqambi.

Kunomusa kunabo bonke

Ukubaluleka komsebenzi kaCesar kunzima ukugcizelela. Wakha isikole sakhe, okwaba nomthelela ekuguqulweni kwekhadinali kumasiko womculo waseFrance. Imisebenzi yakhe yenza kucacise ukuthi umoya kazwelonke awuyona nje i-opera, nokuthi eFrance kuneziqambi ezifanelekayo zokudala umculo womculo ohambelana nesigaba esiphakeme saseYurophu.

UCésar Frank (isandulela, i-fugue, ebhalwa yi-orchestra, ake iqondwe) yaphakamisa lolu hlobo ngezinga lemisebenzi kaBach. Like piano izinhlobo. Imijikelezo emikhulu emibili yale thuluzi, izazi-mlando zobuciko zibeka i-sonatas edume kakhulu.

Abaculi abavelele, abaphila ngesikhathi esifanayo nabafundi bakaFrank babethi ungumfundisi ovelele. Umbono womdali womculo ulayishwe ngu-E. Chausson, H. Rochartz, J. Bizet, A. Dupac, P. Duke, E. Chabrier, nabanye. UCesar Debussy wahlonipha kakhulu.

Kuze kube manje, incwadi ye-chromatic yomqambi ivela ngendlela ekhethekile, ukusetshenziswa okukhululekile nokulula kwama-non-arcords, ukuvezwa kwemimoya yayo, ubuhle bezinhlobo ze-cyclic. Ukufunda ulimi oluvumelana noCesar kwenza abakhiqizi bekusasa banqobe amaphethini.

Ukufuna ukwazi

Imisebenzi eminingi eyenziwe nguCesar yahlala encwadini eqoshiwe. Kodwa ukwakheka ngalunye kuyathandeka. Isibonelo, "Okuzwakalayo entabeni" kubhekwa njengesibonelo sokuqala senkondlo enomculo ophethe umugqa ocacile wokulandelana. Ngendlela, esifundweni esifanayo V. UHugo Ferenc Liszt kamuva wabhala umsebenzi.