Ucezu umculo. Izinhlobo kanye namafomu

Ngomqondo obanzi umculo - ucezu (wezinsimbi noma vocal), okuyinto umphumela umqambi. It libhekene i evusa yangaphakathi, individualization ifomu kanye nokuqukethwe, nenkanuko edlulele ka notation emculweni ukuba abantu babulawelwe kuzo kamuva.

Isiqeshana somculo kungenzeka monophonic (kumculo bese ihambisana) elamukelekile nezinhlobonhlobo (Polyphony, homophony). Kungaba njengoba inombolo ezimele futhi ube yingxenye isenzo esithile cinematic noma okukhulu. Isici futhi ubunjalo compositional sokudalwa ngamunye kufinyelelwa eduze izindlela ekhululekile ezifana kwemizwa, Tempo, ukuvumelana, imitha, Dynamics, isigqi, nihube.

Umqondo "uhlobo zomculo" isetshenziselwa ukuchaza ezihlukahlukene imikhiqizo, kuye imvelaphi yabo futhi indlela ngokubulawa.

Sekuyisikhathi eside ezihlukahlukene iculo (round umdanso, isiko, ukusebenza, njll), futhi wayehamba abantu wokuphila futhi amasosha waphefumulelwa ukuba anqobe. Kwakukhona izinhlobo eziningi vocal. Isici nobuntu izingoma - okuphindaphindiwe ukuphindaphindwa umculo, umculo main.

Romance - uhlobo lomculo vocal, eyabonakala ekhulwini le-19. Lo msebenzi ukuze oculayo nge ihambisana wezinsimbi.

Ngokungafani romance, izingoma choral ahloselwe ukwenza iqembu elikhulu ukucula sihambisana noma Capella (kuhambisane).

Cantata - ngempela ivolumu umculo, yakhelwe ukwenza umculi - soloist (noma choir) kanye weqembu lomculo wezinsimbi. Works of lolu hlobo zalotshelwa isikhathi eside ngemva lusakhunjulwa futhi egqoka uhlamvu onesizotha. Nokho, kukhona lyrical, cantata lelandzisako.

Oratorio - umthamo omkhulu umculo kanye nokusungulwa okukhulu. It akuhloselwe nesigaba isinyathelo futhi yakhelwe ukwenza abaculi nabadansi, le soloist futhi i-orchestra.

Opera - lokubhala zomculo futhi amadlingozi, elihlanganisa ukusebenza ezigcawugcawu nomculo. Isici esiyinhloko lolu hlobo wukuthi ezikhulunywayo ulimi abadlali esikhundleni ukucula.

izinhlobo Instrumental isebenza kamuva yaba vocal. Kuyinto esingokwemvelo SIZUZISA. umculo Instrumental ubephelezelwa yamathanga, amamashi, emikhosini yenkolo, idolobha amabhola. Ekhulwini le-17, entsha, ezijulile incazelo nokuqukethwe izinhlobo.

Sonata - ucezu wezinsimbi, ngokuvamile liqukethe izingxenye ezintathu ezingafani e Tempo (okusheshayo kancane eshesha). Kamuva ngo-imisebenzi Beethoven zibukeka kane imisebenzi lolu hlobo.

Symphony - komculo, senzelwe ukusebenza by iqembu elikhulu lomculo wezinsimbi. Just like Sonata, lo msebenzi okufana classical inezingxenye ezintathu. It libhekene elikhulu ivolumu, eziningi kangaka zikamoba kanye nekufinyelela okuqukethwe ulimi kwamagama namanothi.

Ikhonsathi - umculo, senzelwe ukusebenza kwe-orchestra bese insimbi uwedwa. Ngokuvamile, imisebenzi lolu hlobo zibhaliwe eyindilinga emithathu ingxenye fomu, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi kutholakale kwelinye ukunyakaza nasemakhonsathini.

ifomu zomculo

Lo mqondo elinesimo isilinganiso izingxenye e umkhiqizo. Ngakho, ifomu ezimbili yakhiwa izingxenye ezimbili, ngokuvamile okungafani ngokwemvelo. I emithathu ingxenye - we ezintathu, owokuqala abesithathu zifana ngolimi namanothi kanye nemizwelo, kanti isilinganiso - umahluko phakathi kwabo. Ukuhluka kuthiwa ukulungiswa ukuphindaphindwa motif eyisisekelo (izindikimba).

Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo zomculo, ezifana Rondo (isihloko ngezikhathi okuphindaphindiwe akushintshiwe), eyindilinga (inezingxenye eziningana ehlukile bahlanganiswe umqondo owodwa) kanye khulula (atholakala umculo yesimanje).