Uhlelo excretory yomuntu

Excretory (secretory) uhlelo iqoqo emizimbeni okuyinto afeze ukukhethwa.

Ukusebenza evamile umzimba libhekene njalo imvelo yangaphakathi. Ikakhulukazi, imingcele yayo zihlanganisa okuqukethwe inani isilinganiso yamanzi amavolumu izikhala, okuyinto incike osmotic futhi ingcindezi hydrostatic. Ukuze alondoloze ukuqinisela yalezi nemingcele kumele kube bawuhloniphe ngokuqinile ukuhoxiswa izinto asebenzayo osmotic futhi ezingeni amanzi ukusetshenziswa.

Umsebenzi kohlelo excretory ngokwengxenye eyenziwa emaphashini, pheshana emathunjini bese isikhumba. Nokho, izitho eyinhloko ukuqedwa kukhona nezinso.

Uhlelo urinary siqukethe kwezinye izitho zomzimba enze umsebenzi ukwakheka kanye excretion of umchamo (izitho urinary) futhi ezithweni ezithinteka ngokuqondile yokuzala (zangasese). Womabili la maqembu emizimbeni exhumene levakalako morphologically. uhlelo Excretory kuhlanganisa izinso, ureter, esinyeni futhi urethra.

Izinso zitholakala kule ndawo retroperitoneal nhlangothi zombili ikholomu umgogodla. I izinso kwesokudla ngokuvamile aphansi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi itholakala ngenhla isibindi. Izinso enze umsebenzi uketshezi ekwakhekeni, okuyinto ngenxa iba umchamo.

isakhiwo izinso kuhlanganisa inqwaba nephrons (mncane kakhulu tubules convoluted). Esikhathini izikhala amaphilisi nephrons kuyinto filtration umchamo eyinhloko. Ngezinye tubules zabo proximal convoluted esikuthola amino acid, amaprotheni, i-calcium, i-glucose, phosphorus elivela emchamweni eyinhloko. Uma sibheka ukwakheka kwazo izinso iqukethe izingxenye ngqo ngodonga odlulayo kumjikelezo, esakhiwa izingxenye ukwehla, amajika inyuka izingxenye. Ngu abami izingxenye ukwehla amaseli flat loops amanzi ukumuncwa kwenzeka izingxenye inyuka eyenziwe amanzi ekuqongeleleni kanye sodium ukulahlekelwa. Dlala distal obangela Ukukhetha olunye kwezicubu uketshezi kanye sodium edonsa umthamo omkhulu wamanzi.

I distal tubules convoluted awela uvule imbobo ukuqoqa lapho umchamo lingena ukhalo kwezinso (imikhawulo empeleni enwetshiwe ureters). uhlelo Excretory okukhiphayo le ureters umchamo ku isinye, futhi eminye - ngaphandle komzimba.

Isifiso sokuba ukuchamela ephelezelwa ukuphumula ezicutshini izindonga zangaphandle engaphakathi sphincter kanye nokwehla imisipha esinyeni. Kukholakala ukuthi uhlelo excretory ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile, uma ukuchamela izikhathi ezine kuya kweziyisithupha ngosuku ekuqongeleleni esikhethiwe umchamo in inani 250-300 ml.

Izifo kohlelo excretory kungenziwa owabonakaliswa ubuhlungu esifundeni lumbar, ukwakheka edema, izinguquko lemali futhi umbala umchamo, ukuchama ezibuhlungu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuba khona izifo atypical futhi oligosymptomatic. Ngokuvamile, uma isiguli bakhalaza isiyezi, ukozela, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kwehle ukusebenza.

Ezimweni eziningi, izimbangela zezifo kohlelo urinary izifo.

Nobuhlungu obuhlukahlukene umfutho kanye degree of izimpawu zingahlanganiswa kumiswa amatshe noma isimila.

Jwayelekile kubhekwa esobala, umbala utshani-yellow umchamo. In izifo febrile nombala kungaba brown-yellow nge inzika isitini. Igazi ibala umchamo kungase kubonise khona ezinso, izinso izimila, kanye nokwethuka. Uma uthola imithi noma amavithamini umchamo Futhi ungashintsha umbala waso.

Identification e umchamo anda okuqukethwe amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi kungase kubonise khona ukuvuvukala kule izinso kanye aphansi ngomgudu womchamo.

Ukuncipha okukhulu nenqwaba parenchyma asebenzayo ngokuvamile akuhileli ukwehluleka kwezinso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wembula ukwephulwa abalulekile ukulahlekelwa eziyisisekelo noma ephelele umsebenzi izinso.