Uhlelo Imininingwane: izinhlobo nezibonelo. Kuyini - uhlelo ulwazi?

Ukusatshalaliswa kolwazi, iqoqo yayo ukuqhubeka futhi kabusha emphakathini wanamuhla kungenxa izinsiza ekhethekile: womuntu, ezezimali, ezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinye. Ngesinye isikhathi esededelwe, lezi idatha eqoqwe endaweni eyodwa, basuke wakhiwe ngokuhambelana nenqubo achazwe, zenziwe base ekhethekile-asebenziseka kalula. Uhlelo ulwazi iyithuluzi ngayo nefunda ngayo ukucutshungulwa idatha etholakele. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-IP ukunikeza ulwazi olufanele zabantu. Ngamanye amazwi, it esuthisa isidingo into idatha ngaphakathi endaweni kusengaphambili. Umkhiqizo imisebenzi ulwazi uhlelo amasethi wedatha leyakheke nohlaka, ezihlukahlukene izinhlobo kwemibhalo. Kamuva esihlokweni sihlolisise ukuqokwa, imisebenzi kanye izakhiwo zalezi zakhiwo.

ngezigaba

izinhlelo Ulwazi, kuncike hlobo lokucubungula sithole idatha zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili. Eyokuqala isakhiwo, ogama umsebenzi wenziwa ku izikimu kuyinkimbinkimbi. Lezi zinhlelo sikwazi ukucubungula ulwazi ngokuzimela. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa, isibonelo, uhlelo ezenzakalelayo. Iqembu lesibili lwemibhalo izinhlelo. Abanaso eyinkimbinkimbi information processing izifunda. uhlelo Imininingwane - isakhiwo enikezela idatha ku isicelo esikhethekile. It yenzelwe ukubuyisa okusheshayo futhi ukulethwa ulwazi ngesakhiwo elula.

uhlelo Imininingwane. sici

Yezinjongo eziyinhloko lesi sakhiwo iyiqoqo, ukucutshungulwa yokugcina kanye nokuhlinzekwa kolwazi kubasebenzisi eyicela. Uhlobo kanye nokuqukethwe kolwazi oluhlinzekwe kuthonywa zanqwabelana inkomba isitoreji idatha. Uhlelo lokukhipha ulwazi oluceliwe esekelwe yokusesha associative kule yolwazi (isitoreji), kulandele ekucubunguleni kwabo ngendlela format kusebenziseka kalula. Imininingwane uhlelo komkhakha ingobo yomlando ivumela buthelela kanye nokugcina idatha ye isikhathi eside. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi abelane ngolwazi nge imithombo yangaphandle ababhalisile. Omunye kungaba ucaphune okulandelayo izibonelo: izinhlelo Ulwazi: isitifiketi ezisemadolobheni, beluthumela izinhlangano inkonzo, neminyango ucwaningo kusitoreji idatha nabanye.

Ngo isakhiwo esicutshungulwayo ifaka izinto eziningana. Izingxenye ezisemqoka okubandakanya uhlelo Imininingwane yilezi:

1. isilondolozi esabiwe.
2. amadivaysi ezikhethekile ukuthi ukuguqula ulwazi ngefomethi kufinyeleleke ababhalisile.
3. imigudu yokuxhumana.
4. I ekhethekile lento (i- "ubuchopho" isakhiwo, CPU) ukuthi icubungula ukusakaza idatha (iqembu labantu noma umshini Computing).

Izinhlobo lwemibhalo izinhlelo

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-kwezakhiwo: okuyiqiniso futhi documentary. Esimweni sokuqala, izinhlelo imininingwane Ukubhekisela amaqhinga ukuthi zisekelwe ukuhlinzeka isethi ezivamile amaqiniso: igama inqubo, igama izinto, ukubaluleka abanye. A documentary uhlobo uhlelo ufakela ulwazi olugcinwe kwi-ke ifomu kwemibhalo: imithetho, izimiso, izitifiketi, nokunye. Izakhiwo uhlobo oluyiqiniso ihluke nomunye idatha ukucutshungulwa eyinkimbinkimbi. Imihlobo olula izinhlelo ezifana yilezo zisekelwe isimiso search oyifunayo ulwazi onalo yayo. izifunda ezengeziwe eziyinkimbinkimbi esetshenziswa ukucutshungulwa semantic idatha banayo. Ngakho, bayakwazi, isibonelo, ukukhetha kuphela ulwazi oludingekayo (Eqinisweni isigaba) kombhalo ingqikithi idokhumenti. Isicelo ngobukhulu esisebenzayo wesistimu Imininingwane yazuza esekelwe inhlanganisela izinhlobo ezimbili: idokhumenti-oluyiqiniso.

Aissa: incazelo

I degree of ezishintshayo izinqubo ngokucubungula ulwazi has nomthelela ekusebenzeni noma iluphi usizo. Kule ndaba, wakamuva kabanzi athuthukiswe futhi zaqala ukusetshenziswa ezenzakalelayo izinhlelo yokusesha, iqoqo ledatha zesakhiwo. Zisekelwe computer anamandla electronic. Ngokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-computer iye lula kakhulu inqubo yokubuyekeza nokugcina ulwazi. Izakhi eyinhloko Aissa kakhulu yilezi:

1. I lobuchwepheshe ingxenye. Lokhu ngqo ne-computer, wenza njengoba isakhiwo ubuchopho, iqoqo imishini elisizayo ekunikezeni ulwazi okokufaka-okukhipha amadivayisi, okuvumela umsebenzisi ukusebenza database, amadivaysi isitoreji idatha ye-elekthronikhi (amadiski, amateyipu kazibuthe, njll).
2. Isitoreji idatha kanye ne-software. I okuzenzakalelayo Imininingwane uhlelo ababhalisile futhi axhunyiwe esebenzisa amadivayisi okujwayelekile (teleprinters). Nazo ngokufanayo, ixhunyiwe ngqo ikhompyutha ngocingo noma yocingo iziteshi. Ethandwa kakhulu nge ababhalisile wathola aduduze anezibonisi esakhelwe ngaphakathi. I qapha ubonisa ulwazi kusuka ohlelweni Usizo. Liphinde ifakwe ikhibhodi aduduze ekhethekile, okuyothi ngalo ukulawula futhi kufakwa edingekayo.

isakhiwo Aissa

Automated uhlelo Imininingwane kusekelwe inhlanganisela ekhosombeni amaningi. Ziqukethe yonke idatha kunesidingo ukuze kusebenze lokhu isakhiwo. Ulwazi wakhiwe ngendlela ethile, kucatshangelwa nazo zonke izimfuneko zokuhlala ifomu, uhlobo kanye nesikhathi isicelo emva isicelo yomsebenzisi. Izinga ulwazi oluqukethwe ohlelweni ubuyekeze ikhwalithi yabo futhi isakhiwo kuncike ngqo izici lokunyathelisa nenani USB.

Mathematical Software Aissa

Kukhona iqoqo olukhethekile izinhlelo enze algorithm ethize yokuguqula idatha bese uphatha zonke izinqubo ezenzeka ngaphakathi ohlelweni. Lolu hlobo lwe-softhiwe lenziwe nje "izilimi esisemthethweni" ezimbalwa:

• nezwe elingaphandle ngayo nefunda ngayo isikhokhelo edonsa isicelo ohlelweni;
• Imininingwane;
• nemidanti;
• izinhlelo.

umkhiqizo

Umkhiqizo noma yiluphi uhlelo inkomba kuthintwa:

• Inhlangano isakhi izinqubo ngokusekelwe ukucutshungulwa ezilandelanayo;
• Kwabiwa kwemithombo yayo futhi izindlela wokusebenza;
• ngokucacile ukuqonda imiyalo umsebenzisi.

Futhi, ukwanda umkhiqizo isilinganiso Aissa kufezwa ngokusebenzisa ukwethulwa ngesofthiwe yakamuva. It yena, kuthinta izinqubo ukubala futhi ivumela ukusebenza kwimodi eziningi.

Izici Aissa

I umsebenzi wanamuhla ulwazi inkomba izinhlelo esekelwe kwencazelo imigomo abasebenzisi inkonzo, kukhethwa imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho kukhona inqubo entsha ukuqondanisa zezicelo nolwazi imodi outputting at ezithile zinkathi uhlelo. Ezimweni angajwayelekile Imininingwane izilungiselelo zokusesha, uhlelo unamandla, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinsiza ezengeziwe, ukuthola idatha ezidingekayo. isakhiwo banamuhla bangasebenzisa izinto ngaphandle nokulahlekelwa isikhathi nezinga eliphezulu lokwaziswa ukukhonza abasebenzisi abaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa (inani eliqondile kunqunywa technical support). isicelo sayo Aissa ezitholakala imikhakha efana umkhakha nezolimo, ngosizo izinqubo ezenzakalelayo ezenzeka amabhizinisi kanye nezinhlangano of ukuma ngokwesayensi. ethandwa kakhulu futhi zomthetho ulwazi kanye uhlelo yokudluliselwa evumela ababhalisile semininingwane elikhulu ukuthola ulwazi olufanele phezu eceliwe isenzo normative.