Ukudla fibre: imisuka kanye izakhiwo

, лен и прочие) являются основным сырьем для отечественной текстильной промышленности. Imicu yotshani Yemvelo (ukotini, yefilakisi, njll) kuyizinto eziyinhloko impahla eluhlaza for the ezifuywayo yendwangu umkhakha. Zenziwa imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene zemvelo.

Umsuka imicu yemvelo

Raw, futhi, ethathwe ezihlukahlukene imikhiqizo. Kuye fibre impahla izinga ezahlukene, ukubukeka, nezinye izici. Kulokhu, kukhona isigaba ezisetshenziswa kakhulu izinto zokusetshenziswa. . Basembonini yendwangu kwasekuqaleni ngoba isicelo kukhona yemifino Imicu yotshani zemvelo. Izici ancike izici izitshalo ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa imicu yemvelo okuvela ezilwaneni. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, uvolo, nosilika.

I izakhiwo zemicu yemvelo

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, impahla izici eluhlaza ancike izici imikhiqizo kusuka kulo eyatholakala. I ezivamile Imicu yotshani ukotini. Basuke ikhiqizwa isiko esekhulile ngokukhethekile. Ukotini Simila emazweni angaphezu kuka-50. Kuyinto isiko wesikhathi eside thermophilic. Plant libukeka isihlahla, obude imitha elilodwa noma ngaphezulu. Minyaka yonke emva zom isiko izithelo akhiwa. Basuke ethulwa ngesimo amaphilisi nge imbewu. nesembozo yabo 7 kuya ku-15 eziyinkulungwane. izinwele. Ziyakwazi Imicu yotshani ukotini. Ubude nezinwele ungaphakathi uhla 12-60 mm. The eside benjalo, i-ntambo kanye Indwangu kangcono. Imicu ngoba zivunywa indawo kwakhiqiza izindwangu, okuyinto lula Umbala nezinye ukucubungula. Ngokuvamile, feedstock kokuqala has a white noma ensundu. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngesikhathi samanje amasu isiko avumele ukuthola Imicu yotshani zemvelo anemibala.

Bast izinto zokusetshenziswa

получают из стеблей и листьев разных культур. Imicu yotshani Yemvelo eyatholakala kusukela umoba kanye namahlamvu abanamasiko nezinkambiso ezihlukahlukene. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, zihlanganisa Jute, yefilakisi, sembabazane, nabanye. . I mncane kakhulu, zivumelanise nezimo futhi ube elithambile nelineni ezibhekwa Imicu yotshani zemvelo. Kule midlalo, ntambo okokuqala wadala. Kusukela ke kamuva ukukhiqiza izicubu eqinile futhi ezithambile. Yefilakisi kuyinto ngezinhlobo eziningi. Ubude imicu lincike ukuphakama stem. I eyigugu kakhulu ngomqondo zezimboni, kubhekwe ngefilakisi. дает лен-кудряш. Its sifanamsindvo ongafinyelela ukuphakama 0.8-1 m. Kwekhwalithi eliphansi Imicu yotshani yemvelo kunikeza ngefilakisi.

Inqubo yokuthola izinto zokusetshenziswa

yefilakisi ezivuthiwe sifanamsindvo kuthiwa wakhipha ngezimpande. Kuyadingeka ukuba alondoloze ubude le micu. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi "tereblenie". Ekuqaleni eyenziwa ngesandla. Okwamanje, izilimi ekhethekile ukusebenza emasimini. Lapho ngidedelwa lnomolotilkah eyenziwa neziqu kusukela imbewu. Umucwana nomphumela sathi ciki amachibi akhethekile noma ezinye machibi. Ingxenye isiqu sama Bast ngefilakisi. Itholakala ngaphansi amagxolo. Ngesimo nemisipha mncane iqukethe zesivikelo sesifuba. ukuzihlukanisa kwabo ngeziqu akhiqizwa izitshalo ezikhethekile. Ngesikhathi amabhizinisi usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ekhethekile uhlukanisa Imicu yotshani kusukela cortex nokucubungula okwalandela. Soaked umoba omisiwe. Base ehlushwa futhi ukudubula umoya. Ngemva kwalokho bleached Imicu yotshani zemvelo, ngoba ukukhanya yellow, labona steel, umbala.

kwamanye amasiko

Ukotini Wekhethelo nezinye izitshalo okwe ezinzima. и похож на льняное по многим признакам. Ngoba lezizinto ikakhulu asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni sezindophi, ngendwangu, Hessian, intambo, njll Ngokwesibonelo, fiber Hemp -. Impahla yemvelo futhi kufana linseed ngezindlela eziningi. Nokho, akuyona esithambile. Kule ndaba, ngokuvamile usetshenziselwa ukwenza ngendwangu, burlap, Twine, intambo. получают не только из стеблей. Imicu yotshani yemvelo Bast okulungiselelwe hhayi kuphela neziqu. Ngenxa impahla eluhlaza, isibonelo, ingaba namaqabunga.

usilika

Ukotini Wekhethelo esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa yayo, okuyinto etholakala imifece amacimbi. Basuke kwakhiwa lelo zinga ethile yentuthuko amacimbi. Befaka umfece igobolondo kuyinto ukuma side ovoid. Siqukethe imicu emihle zazo okwakuthandelene 40-50 izingqimba. Kumiswa ngentambo is kanje. Ekhanda ngezansi nje amathrekhi umlomo elise izimbobo ezimbili. Wabo uketshezi obukhulu, okuyinto osemanzi emoyeni. Ukwakheka kwabo Kwenziwa njalo. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka ngentambo 2, okuyinto ethe njo sericin. Lena into ekhethekile, okuyinto nayo eyakhululwa amathrekhi. Ngenxa yalokho, idala eyodwa intambo, okuyinto ukuba sifake umfece.

zezimboni

umfece Color lincike ohlotsheni moth. Ziyakwazi ngokubomvu-yellow, white, aphuzi. Iziphetho nezinye izinhlobo amacimbi ukuthi sifake pink okhanyayo, oluhlaza, imifece okwesibhakabhaka. Kufanele, Nokho, kuthiwe umbala wemvelo ntambo akuwona uzinze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le micu anemibala angase kamuva izinkinga inqubo Umbala. Ngaphambi okwengeziwe ukusetshenziswa imifece bleached e umkhakha.

Ukuze uthole Imicu yotshani izinga okusezingeni imifece iphathwa umusi noma umoya oshisayo. Iziphungumangathi okukukho, abulawe, futhi ukuvimbela yokubola, basuke omisiwe. Uma loku kungentiwa, isinambuzane sibe uvemvane futhi uzoqala ukuphuma umfece. Ngakho, ke ziyobhekana umonakalo mechanical, okuyinto omubi kuthinta iqophelo ntambo. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale emazombezombe fiber, imifece ezibekwe amachibi wawugcwalisa ngamanzi ashisayo. Babe iphathwa nge umusi futhi ane-alikhali izixazululo. Kuyadingeka ukuthambisa sericin. Omunye umfece sibathelela mayelana 400-1200 amamitha ntambo. Nokho, kuyinto mncane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke le micu kusukela 3 kuya ku-30 imifece zihlangene zibe munye.

uvolo

Yimaphi amanye Imicu yotshani zemvelo obusetshenziswa embonini? Izilwane ukunikeza umkhakha noboya. Iphinde icutshungulwe ukukhiqiza zesivikelo sesifuba. Uvolo unezimfanelo ahlukahlukene kanye nezici. Umehluko zikhona kwezintambo zesivikelo sesifuba kohlobo ezahlukene isilwane. Ngokwesibonelo, yoboya ongowenani elikhulu nguye etholakala nge esihle-uboya bezimvu futhi emihle lulwimi. Phakathi haircuts sezinwele isuswe kumiswa okuqinile. Uboya akufani ngokuya izinga. Le micu eyigugu kakhulu ahlelwe ku izindwani emuva, esiswini, ehlombe. On imilenze ngemuva enziwe ngoboya. Nokho, okuyigugu kakhulu ubhekwa eliphezulu futhi fluff. Imicu yotshani zayo ikhululekile, nokunwebeka nasebubini. izinga uvolo incike isikhathi yokugunda. Imicu yotshani Ethambe zitholwa entwasahlobo. Them nanso is semali fluff. In autumn sekuyahwalala zingekho ijazi. Ngakho, Imicu yotshani abanjalo bangabaphostoli elukhuni. Nokho, ekwindla uvolo entwasahlobo msulwa. Phakathi imicu ababonakali ngezikhundla:

1. Arista - fibre obukhulu.
2. izinwele zesikhashana. Ngokusho izici zayo, ke ithatha isikhundla Lesisemkhatsini phakathi yomgogodla phansi.
3. "Dead" Izinwele. It is ethulwa ngesimo imicu kanzima futhi ephansi amandla.

ukucutshungulwa Izici

ntambo izakhiwo kuzoncika izinga endwangwini, okuyinto ziye zasetshenziswa wayithola. Izinhlobonhlobo engcono zenziwa kusukela fluff. Izinga le micu uzimisele kuphela yabo ukuqina, umsungulo, fineness, kodwa futhi ubude. Yena, kuzoya zohlobo imvu. elingenamikhono lingafika ku 180-200 mm. impahla eluhlaza uhlale kuncike ukucutshungulwa eyinhloko. Luhilela ukuhlunga, yokuhlanza zonke amatshe (umhlaba izigaxa, burdock nokunye.). Okulandelayo, otreplenie, ziba ngcono. Ngemva kwalokho, noboya is wageza. Ukuhlela kwenziwa ngesandla. Uboya zibekwe phezu amatafula ekhethekile. Lapha-ke ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye. Ngokuhambisana namazinga athile izinga uvolo iqembu akhethiwe. Flushing wenziwa ne ukwengeza ekhethekile compounds izinto zokususa amabala. Kuyadingeka ukuba asuse izinhlayiyana amafutha.

izinto zokusetshenziswa chemical

With ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe sekungenzeka ukukhiqiza yokufakelwa kanye nezindwangu zokwenziwa. Njengoba sezizathu esiyinhloko usebenzisa chemistry ekulungiseleleni impahla eluhlaza ibizwa ngokuthi ukufuneka kakhulu nendwangu. impahla yemvelo iyatholakala ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo labantu. Ukulungiselela materials yokufakelwa Kwenziwa usebenzisa polymers zemvelo. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa ukotini, ukhuni nezinye cellulose, ubisi amaprotheni, njll Lezi izinto babhekana ukwelashwa ikhemikhali nitric acid, i-sulfuric acid, acetic acid, acetone, sodium hydroxide nokunye. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka viscose nitroshelk, acetate, cuprammonium kasilika.

zokwenziwa impahla eluhlaza

Basuke akhiqizwa ukucutshungulwa imikhiqizo ehlukene. Phakathi kwabo: uwoyela namalahle, negesi yemvelo drive, izinsalela wezolimo, futhi uginindela ukukhiqizwa ephepheni. Kusukela eliphezulu yamangqamuzana isisindo izinto isehlane resin. Bakhonza njengabashumayeli kokuqala impahla ngokukhiqiza izinto zokwenziwa. Ukwelashwa nokucutshungulwa inhlaka izelwe, ubuchwepheshe ekhethekile kunalokho xaka. Phakathi nezindwangu zokwenziwa, esetshenziswa kabanzi inayiloni, i-polyester, inayiloni, eMilan, polyvinyl chloride, nabanye. izinto Chemical eluhlaza kusengaphambili ukunikeza izici ezithile qualitative. Ikakhulu, okuhlala isikhathi eside, amelana umswakama, upende nokunye.

Ukuphakelwa okuxubile

I zamakhemikhali yemvelo Imicu yotshani, okuyinto kushiwo ngenhla, abangewona izinto eyohlobo. Kusenjalo, namhlanje isiba ingxube kuthandwa izinto zokusetshenziswa. Ukwethulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha basembonini yendwangu inikeza amathuba elanele okunezinhlobonhlobo elikhulu ntambo. Imicu yotshani yemvelo ingase inganeli zixutshwe kokubili nomunye eyodwa nangezinto zokwakha yokufakelwa and zokwenziwa. Ngokwesibonelo, inayiloni elihlangene nelineni, inayiloni noboya. Ukuze semi kasilika noboya lenhlanganisela izindwangu akuyona nje ingxube imicu. Ngezenzo isicelo ukwelukwa ubuchwepheshe obusha. Ikakhulukazi, uma udala Indwangu asonte ntambo ke ingenye endwangwini, nedada - nezinye.

isiphetho

Basembonini yendwangu ingenye imikhakha yezimboni ngobukhulu. Ukuze womshini izothandwa imikhiqizo izinga izinto zokusetshenziswa isetshenziswe. Kufanele uhambisane namazinga isimo, ngaphansi ukucutshungulwa obuphelele. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze Imicu yimuphi umsuka, kuhlanganise amakhemikhali. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ethula njalo ukukhiqizwa izinto zobuchwepheshe obuphambili embonini. Lokhu, kudinga supply izinto ezintsha zokusetshenziswa.