Imali yesimanje

imali Modern, kanye amanothi ezazisemizini kwegazi iminyaka eminingi edlule, kukhona umkhiqizo ezivamile. Lokho kuyinto evamile ngezingane ukuveza zonke okulingana, ngezinga elithile intengo ezihlukahlukene kwezimpahla namasevisi. He is yingxenye ebalulekile emnothweni wezwe ngalinye kanye nomhlaba wonkana. Imisebenzi esemqoka imali baveze ubuntu babo njengoba isigaba kwezomnotho, isisekelo yabo yangaphakathi kanye nokuqukethwe.

Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu abasenzela ukusetshenziswa kwabo njengoba isilinganiso zenani elikhulu. Kulokhu, intengo imali uzwakalise ngokuphelele zonke izimpahla. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi imikhiqizo engaqhathaniswa senze umsebenzi ngqo kwandziswa ekukhiqizeni kwabo. Ngezinye ukubaluleka efanayo umkhiqizo yimali, ngokuthi intengo.

Imali futhi abe naphakathi zokwenana. Ngakho, phakathi kwempahla imali kumele khona ngokoqobo. Ukuphathwa kwemikhiqizo lwenzeka isikimu ezifana: okokuqala eyenziwa ukudayiswa kwezimpahla (T), okungukuthi, ukuguqulwa ku imali (D), okungase esichithwa ukuthengwa kwezimpahla ezidingekayo (T). Eqinisweni, leli qhinga kuyinto lezimpahla kanye nobudlelwane yemali: T-L-T '. Ngakho, izikweletu ukudlala indima umlamuleli futhi unqobe imingcele ezahlukene okukhona esimweni ngempahla yezinye izimpahla.

Noma yimuphi imali ingaba njengesihluthulelo izindlela wayenemfuyo nokonga. Njengoba ziyizidalwa okulingana jikelele, owumthombo ingcebo, kungokwemvelo ngempela ukuthi likhuthaza abantu ukuba inqwaba yawo. Kulokhu, imali ekhishwe kwegazi lezimpahla-imali.

Ubiquitous ezikutholile njengendlela yokukhokha. Zisetshenziswa uma kubalulekile ukuba ukuthenga nokudayiswa kwezimpahla ngesikweletu, okungukuthi, izitolimende. Kulokhu, ayikho ukunyakaza esiphikisayo kwezimpahla kanye nemali, ukubuyiswa kwemali imalimboleko (izikweletu) - kuyisinyathelo sokugcina inqubo yokuthengisa. Lapho efeza lo msebenzi, imali yesimanje uya okwethulwa ifomu non-cash.

Futhi, esinye isici ukuthi sinikezwe imali, kuyinto ukuzisebenzisa njengoba izindlela zokuthenga kanye yokukhokha. Bakhonza njengabashumayeli imali ezweni. Zisetshenziswa izibalo of ezilinganisweni ngamazwe.

imali Modern zingahlukaniswa zibe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

- zemvelo noma lezimpahla (ezindaweni ezingazodwa yabo njengoba lezimpahla okuyinto sinikezwe Umbuso nenani: imfuyo, uboya eziyigugu);

- imali okuphephile (kuleli fomu (amamaki, izitifiketi) kungenziwa umklomelo ethile izimpahla);

- fiatnye (lisikisela ukungafani ukubaluleka ngokulinganisa of real, kodwa ezingeni wombuso kuthiwa yokukhokha: imali engamaphepha, imali ebhange);

- credit imali (ikakhulukazi izibambiso, okuyothi ohlotshiswe ngokukhethekile izikweletu, futhi lapho ukuthenga zingenziwa).

imali Modern ungaphakathi inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yayo phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ziye wafundelwa futhi ukuxoxa izikole ezihlukahlukene kanye nabameli babo, ngakho wanquma ukwaba imfundiso yokuziphendukela elandelayo imali:

- metal (abalandeli bakhe wabona Umsebenzi oyinhloko imali njengoba isilinganiso lenani futhi babe ngokunezela nezinye zemali metal);

- nominalist theory (kuhilela sokunquma sithola okufanele ngemali esiyikhokhayo lenani yabo okuzisholo, ngakho ongaphika umsebenzi wabo njengoba okulingana jikelele futhi asekelwe esebenzisa ukusakazwa umsebenzi);

- theory yemali (njengoba kwakucatshangwa ukuthi emakethe ubeka amandla wokuthenga we izimali kanye lezimpahla amanani, futhi yonke mass imali ikhishwe kufanele ibe ukuzungeza);

- theory Keynesian (Dzhon Keyns babekholelwa ukuthi ushintsho ezingeni engenayo nokushintsha ijubane ukuhanjiswa kwemali);

- zokwenziwa theory (kuhlanganisa tincenye of monetarism futhi Keynesianism, okumele abe esekelwe eyakhiwe kahle inqubomgomo yezezimali).