IbhizinisiUmkhakha

Ukufakwa iphayiphi: Izindlela kanye Technologies

Ukuthuthukiswa umkhakha yesimanje kanye umnotho ezisemadolobheni nakanjani awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi ngekwetinhloso letehlukene. ukusebenza ongenaziphazamiso Ukushisa amanzi, amapayipi endle, igesi, amafutha imigqa, nokunye. G. Kwangathi ihlinzekwe kuncike kuphela ezinhlinzekweni zoMthetho ubuchwepheshe namazinga ngesikhathi kubekwa yabo. Pipeline izindlela inhlangano, kunezindlela eziningi.

Yini amasu angasetshenziswa

Nazi izindlela eyinhloko kokufaka imigqa:

  • indlela iningi ngokuphumelelayo kuhlanganisa inhlangano emikhulu ku ezisekelweni, kanye umnyango omunye kanye amadamu ukuhamba-nge.
  • Elivaliwe noma Trenchless indlela. Luhilela kubekwa amapayipi ngaphansi komhlaba ngaphandle ukuvulwa phansi.
  • Imodi ezifihliwe. Kulokhu, ukunwebeka ipayipi of imisele amba.

Ukuze umhlangano imigqa, kuncike izici medium ithuthwe, izindlela yokufaka kanye ambient nemibandela ipayipi ingasetshenziswa, esakhiwe ngezinto ezahlukene: ukhonkolo, metal, epulasitiki, ngobumba, asbestos. Emadolobheni alondoloze nemithombo yamanzi ipayipi kubekwa engenziwa emseleni okufanayo nokunye ukuxhumana (Ukushisa emikhulu, zethelevishini ezikhokhelwayo kanye ne t.). It is uvunyelwe ukusebenzisa njengoba umsele nesiteshi ubuchwepheshe.

Izici indlela evulekile nokubeka amapayipi

Ngu kungenzeka ukwenza inqubo enjalo eyenziwa laying amapayipi kodwa angabangi umsindo, amanzi, ukuthuthwa kwendle kanye nokungabibikho nokunye. G. Ngaphansi ukusetshenziswa iziteshi umugqa ndima kuqhathaniswa emseleni indlela has inzuzo eyodwa ahlukile. amapayipi sibekwa kubo kungukuthi ngaphansi kwengcindezi phakathi ugonyuluka inhlabathi noma ukunyakaza, futhi ngenxa yalokho isikhathi eside. Ububi baleli su ubhekwa ukufinyelela abampofu emigwaqeni, uma kunesidingo, ukulungisa nabo.

ukufakwa iphayiphi iziteshi ukugeleza kuyabiza. Nokho, kulesi simo, ochwepheshe ukukhonza izinkampani ukufinyelela emendweni ngaphandle kwesidingo yokwemba.

Ngenhla phansi ipayipi ngokuvamile kwavula kuphela ezindaweni iyagula wezokuHlaliswa kwaBantu, njengoba imigwaqo zesikhashana nokunye. D. Usekela ngaphansi kwabo kungase kube zonke izinhlobo ukhonkolo nensimbi izakhiwo, overpasses, izakhiwo nezindonga ngakho. D.

Izindlela amapayipi ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni zingase zihluke. Kodwa noma kunjalo emgqeni zasemizaneni is uhoxile zone ingcindezi enhlabathini izitshalo nezakhiwo. Lokhu kusisiza silondoloze izisekelo intuthuko kuleli cala. Zonke komhlaba ezisemadolobheni Izinsiza zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu ezinkulu: main, zokuhamba kanye nokusabalalisa. Izinhlobonhlobo kuqala konke ukuxhumana zomabonakude kwalesi sigodi. Transit amapayipi badabula leyo ndawo ngaphandle komuzi, kodwa akukho alisebenzisi. Call ukusatshalaliswa umugqa esukela core ngqo izakhiwo.

indlela Hidden nokubeka

ukwakhiwa Pipeline ngale ndlela wenziwa kaningi. Inzuzo enkulu laying amapayipi e imisele kuyinto cheapness yayo isihlobo. Nokho, kulesi simo inqubo emhlanganweni kufanele libukwe ngokuqinile. Phela, ukufinyelela amapayipi kulesi simo luyindida futhi kumele aqinisekise ukuthi ukukhanda iphayiphi edingekayo njengoba njalo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Imithetho komsebenzi gasket ezifihliwe

Imisele ngaphansi onguthelawayeka ingasetshenziswa melkozaglublennye noma ezijulile. Esimweni sokuqala, iphayiphi laying eyenziwe 50-90 cm. Uma usebenzisa indlela emseleni ezijulile bemba ngezansi okokuqandisa phansi. Ukubeka kungaba kwenziwe ku 5 m ukujula zezimboni lapho ebeka ipayipi imigqa Imigomo enjalo abahlonishwayo .:

  1. Uma Friend inhlabathi, amapayipi abekwa ngqo kuso.
  2. Lapho ebeka ngesikhathi engaphezu kuka 4 m ukujula, noma uma amashubhu zakhiwe impahla engahlula, uhlele substrate yokufakelwa. Ngakho do emigqeni enikeziwe in the izimo inhlangano eziyinkimbinkimbi hydrogeological.
  3. Phansi emseleni ibhalwe ngendlela yokuthi amapayipi mbeni kuso. Ekhona uyize wendawo ligcwele isihlabathi noma nenhlabathi.
  4. Ephambi kwezinduna amanzi phansi aphansi ezindaweni imigodi lihlele ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi yabo.

Hidden Ukufakwa lwemsebenti: izici ubuchwepheshe

Ubuchwepheshe inhlangano imigqa kuhlanganise akhethiwe kuye ngokuthi iluphi usizo lwezinto ezibonakalayo ipayipi isetshenziswa. Polymeric eziningana izicucu ashiselwe (kufika ku 18-24 m ubude) ngokuqondile kuleso sikhungo isitoreji, bese zilethwe endaweni ka gaskets. Lapha, esikhathini ehlobo ziqoqwa zibe yezinhlamvu okuqhubekayo, bese ibekwe emseleni. Ukufakwa wenziwa imishini Welding ephathekayo. Ebusika ipayipi sibekwa emseleni bese omunye zixhunywe gluing noma esebenzisa izindandatho enjoloba.

ukwakhiwa Pipeline Ceramic ukukhiqiza emthambekeni kusukela phezulu kuya phansi. Ngaphambi kokufakwa ipayipi is zihlolwe ngokuba khona chips. Ukuhlanganiswa kwabo lwavutha sealingly ibitume Strand nedivayisi Ilokhi ye slurry usimende. Mayelana amapayipi njengoba kufanelekile nokhonkolo. Njengoba uphawu kuleli cala indandatho iraba ingasetshenziswa.

Asbhestosi usimende amapayipi nge ingcindezi kuze kufinyelele 0.6 MPA eqoqwe usebenzisa dvuhburtnyh asbestos bamba, futhi nengcindezi 0.9 MPA - usebenzisa yensimbi flanged. Non-ingcindezi amapayipi usebenzisa imikhono cylindrical. Steel onguthelawayeka kuvuleke usebenzisa Welding.

Trenchless indlela

Pipeline le ndlela ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa lapho akunakwenzeka esikhoselweni inhlangano ubuchwepheshe. Ngokwesibonelo, ncamashi ngaphansi umugqa silingo othelawayeka umatasa, ojantshi, ngezidingo wangaphandle, njll Izindlela ezilandelayo ngoba kubekwa Trenchless of amapayipi ..:

  • lubhoboze;
  • baphokophelele;
  • imishini ovundlile;
  • aphephise ushayela.

Jacking

Ngokusho lobu buchwepheshe ukudonsa amapayipi e loamy nobumba nenhlabathi. Nge ukusebenzisa kwayo amapayipi kungenziwa wabeka-60 m Lies le ndlela kuthiwa kanje .:

  • steel tube eliseningizimu kuyinto bakhathale;
  • kude ezithile kusukela isithiyo bambe umgodi bawubeka wayo wokubacindezela ku ezisekelweni;
  • It is kwehlisa emgodini ngokudla ngamapayipi ifakwe therein ezincane ubukhulu tube - «ramrod";
  • kukhicite ikhishiwe inhlabathi wokubhoboza.

Ukusebenzisa ithekhniki le phansi ngaphandle ayikwazi ukususwa. Ngo inqubo wokubhoboza ivaliwe ngumuntu obungazungeza ipayipi.

jacking indlela, nesihlangu ukushayela ubuchwepheshe

Lezi ubuchwepheshe nazo kaningi lisetshenziswe, uma kunesidingo, ukwakha amapayipi ngaphansi izithiyo. Pipeline ngu isibhakela evumela ukuba sinqobe izithiyo angaba yikhulu amamitha. I tube kulesi simo ekupheleni evulekile uphoqelekile walihlanganisa nomhlabathi phansi. I kwaphumela lapho ngaphakathi i-plug emhlabeni iyasuswa.

Loluguduzisa isihlangu siqukethe ukwesekwa, ikhaba kanye kwesigaba umsila. Eyesibili ihlinzeka ahlabayo idwala kanye izakhiwo sekhefu array. Le ngxenye ukwesekwa ine uhlobo indandatho kanye okuhloswe ukunikeza isakhiwo rigidity kunesidingo. Le ngxenye umsila itholakala akude ukuphathwa isihlangu.

Kokuqondisa imishini ovundlile

Le ndlela kubhekwa eqolo. Kodwa kuthi enye inzuzo ecacile. Kungathatha ngisho nenhlabathi obukhulu kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kwalo buchwepheshe. Drilling kulokhu kwenziwa rod ekhethekile zixhunywe kokuhlanganisayo. Ngesikhathi kuvubukulwa kungaba kwenziwe ngejubane 1,5-19 m / h. Ngeshwa, lobu buchwepheshe ayikwazi lisetshenziswe khona komhlaba endaweni.

Ngakho, i-choice amasu kuncike laying amapayipi izimfanelo inhlabathi, indaba ka womshini amapayipi, ukukhiqizwa edingekayo. Kunoma ikuphi, iziqu inhlangano ubuchwepheshe okumele ilandelwe ncamashi. umugqa Eliphezulu - isiqinisekiso ekusebenzeni izitshalo zezimboni kanye Tinsita kamasipala.

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