Ukulinganisa isabelomali yikuphi?

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezikweleti ngemali mboleko kuyindaba engakhathazeki kuphela ngabanye nabasomabhizinisi, kodwa wonke amazwe. Kuyinto eyodwa yokwenza isabelomali sonyaka, okunye ukuyigcwalisa. Umbuso, Yebo, ungadlulisela ukubolekisa ngamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa lokhu akusizi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kulesi simo, kukhona ukulandelwa kwesabelomali. Le nqubo isungulwa ngokomthetho e-United States nakwamanye amazwe, kodwa igama elikhulu lizama ukungalizwanga, ukuletha ukunciphisa izindleko njengento edingekile, kodwa hhayi isibopho.

Ukulinganisa isabelomali: kuyini?

Umthetho wase-US unikeza inqubo evimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezimali zomphakathi ezigabeni ezichazwe ngokucacile. Lokhu ukukhipha isabelomali. I-Congress yamukela inani lemali yonyaka. Uma izindleko zidlula okwakhiwe, khona-ke kuncishiswa okukodwa kanye nokwenyuka kuzo zonke izigaba. Le mali ayidluliselwe ezindaweni ezicacisiwe, kodwa ishiywe ku-Treasury. Leli gama elithi "ukuchithwa kwesabelomali" kuthathwe esayensi yezomthetho. Esifundweni sezomthetho, kusho ukudluliselwa kwempahla kubanikazi ukuze kuvikelwe ukulimala ngaphambi kokucubungula impikiswano enkantolo.

Umthetho we-Gramm-Rudman-Hollings ne-Present

Igama elithi "ukugcinwa kwezimali kwesabelomali" kwasetshenziswa okokuqala emthethweni waseMelika ka-1985. Wanikeza ingxenye yonke yesenzo ukunciphisa ukulahleka, okuhlanganiswe uGram, Rudman noHollings. Kodwa kakade ngo-1990 kunqunywe ukushiya imingcele eqinile. Uhlelo olusha lwadlula iminyaka engu-12. Khona-ke, isikhathi eside, ukuthuthwa kwesikhashana kwakuyisihloko senkulumo yobuchwepheshe. Kodwa ngo-2011, le nqubo yaba yingxenye ebalulekile yoMthetho Wokulawulwa Kwezimali. Ngesizo kulo mthethosivivinywa kwakungenzeka ukuxazulula inkinga yokudlula umkhawulo omisiwe wezikweleti. IKomidi Lokunciphisa Amatyala lisungulwe. Ukulinganisa izindleko zesabelomali yisilinganiso sokugcina esingasetshenziswa uma iCongress ingaphumeleli ekutholeni umthetho ekunciphiseni izindleko. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakhuluma ngokusatshalaliswa kwesabelomali ngo-2013. Ukuze injabulo yabakhokhi bentela, uhulumeni wakwazi ukugwema lokhu.

Inqubo Yebhajethi eRussia

Njalo ngonyaka, uhulumeni udala uMthetho we-Federal, okhombisa indlela abantu bazohlala ngayo. Khona-ke isabelomali sisayinwe nguMongameli futhi siqala ukusebenza. Unyaka wezezimali kuleli cala uhambisana ngokuphelele nonyaka wekhalenda. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zesabelomali ziyizindleko, izindleko nokuhlukana kwazo. ERussia Federation kukhona insizakalo, okungukuthi, izindleko zikahulumeni azihlanganiswa intela nezinye izimali. Uma imali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-50 ingeniso futhi isetshenziselwa imali eyi-150, izwe lidinge ukuthola indawo ethile engalingani 100. Ukulahleka kuyisihloko sokulinganisa. Ungabeka noma yiliphi inani lapho, kodwa lokhu ngeke kuveze imali eyengeziwe kuhulumeni. Uma kungekho zinsiza zokuxhasa ngeminye imiklamo, khona-ke lokhu kungukukhohlisa kwabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi simo senza umlando wokulahlwa kwezimali okungalawulwayo: isihloko esisodwa singanciphisa ngo-10%, esinye-ngamashumi ama-50, sesithathu - sisusiwe ngokuphelele. Kodwa ingabe kungenzeka ukuthi kulolu cala ukuthi isabelomali sisebenza? Noma kunjalo, eRussia lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka.

Ukutholakala kokulahlekelwa

Uma kungenayo imali eyanele, kungcono ukuzithatha endaweni ethile. Kusobala ukuthi-ke kuzodingeka banikezwe ngenzalo, kodwa lapha isimo esibucayi samanje sibheke phambili, hhayi amaphupho amathemba omuhle. Imithombo yesikhwama semali engenayo ihlanganisa ukuboleka kubantu ngabanye kanye nezinhlangano zomthetho, kanye nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe nezinye izifunda. Inkinga nalokhu okuwukuthi ukuboleka imali ngokuvamile kuhilela ithonya lezombangazwe esimweni sangaphakathi ezweni ngokushoda kwemali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni angakwazi ukukhipha izibopho, ezithengwa ngabanye kanye nezinhlangano zomthetho. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi imali izobe isadingeka inikezwe ngokushesha noma kamuva, ngakho-ke izindleko zebhajethi akufanele zixhunywe nezinkulumo zesimemezelo, kodwa ngezinkampani ezithembisayo kakhulu ezinomthelela omkhulu.

Isigaba sokusebenza

Ukuze ugweme ukuhlanganisa isabelomali esikhathini esizayo, kubalulekile ukubeka kahle izindleko zezimboni ezithile kusukela ekuqaleni. Izimpawu zokusebenza zibonisa lapho imali isetshenziswa khona. Isibonelo, ungathola ukuthi usetshenziswe kangakanani ekusebenziseni ukuphathwa, ukuvikela, impilo nemfundo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lesi sici sinemifano yazo zonke izifundo zeRussian Federation. Ngaphezu kwalokho zonke izindleko kanye nemali engenayo yanciphisa isabelomali esihlanganisiwe. Ngendlela yayo ejwayelekile kunamalungu amathathu: okuqukethwe kwamasevisi kanye nezinye izikhungo zokuphatha, ukuxhumana nezindawo, ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo ezithile zokuthuthukisa. Mayelana nokudluliselwa, abanalo ukugxila okuhlosiwe. Izindleko ezijwayelekile eziphathelene nalokho kuhlanganiswa zibhekwa ngokuvumelana nemigomo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi into ekhulayo (isibonelo, eNyakatho) ingasetshenziswa kwezinye izindawo.

Ukulinganisa iBhajethi 2014

Umphumela wokulahleka njalo yisidingo esikhulayo sokunciphisa uhlangothi lwezindleko njalo ngonyaka nokuthola izindlela ezintsha zokusixhasa. Ekupheleni kuka-2013, uNgqongqoshe Wezezimali we-RF umemezele isidingo sokunciphisa izabelo zesabelomali. Ugcizelele ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwesabelomali ka-2014 akunikeziwe. U-Anton Siluanov waqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu akuyona ukwehlisa izindleko, kodwa ukukhetha izinto ezibalulekile ezihambisana nezidingo zesikhathi. Ukwenyuka kokulahlekelwa kwama-rubleki ayizinkulungwane ezingu-400 akuvumeli ukunikeza izimali zokuthuthukisa iTransbaikalia neMpumalanga Ekude, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda edingekayo eNdebe yoMhlaba, ezokwenzeka eminyakeni emine eRussia. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kukaNgqongqoshe, kudingekile ukuthi ushintshe izinto ezibalulekile futhi uthumele imali emikhakheni ethembisayo. Ngonyaka ka-2014, imali ehlelwe ku-13.4 trillion.

Noma kunjalo, isabelomali esisha sabangela ukugxekwa okuningi. Iningi libhekisela ekubuyiselweni kwezimali njengokwesekwa kwemali. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi isinyathelo esilungile kakhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi sikwandisa uhlangothi lwentengo, kunokuba kuqaphele ukuqapha kwembumbulu.