Kuyini ukuzimela kanye nendlela yokubhekana nayo?

Umqondo wokuziphendulela wawuyaziwa kubantu basekuqaleni. Namuhla, ngenkathi elawulwa ubudlelwane bemakethe, kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi ukuzibusa. Kuqondwa njengesimo emakethe, lapho inkampani eyodwa ikhiqiza imikhiqizo ethile noma inikeza insizakalo engenazo izifaniso, futhi ukubonakala kwabancintisana embonini akunakwenzeka.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abathengi abanakho ukukhetha, baphoqeleka ukuba bathenge imikhiqizo kuphela kusuka eqinile. Njengomthetho, ukuzimela ngokuphelele kungumqondo ongaqondakali, ngoba lapho kungekho khona ukuncintisana, ukutholakala kwabo kwamanye amazwe akufakiwe.

Ngemva kokuqonda ukuthi yikuphi ukuzimela, ake sibheke ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zayo:

- ivaliwe, ivikelwe emncintiswaneni ngemingcele yomthetho;
- Ukuzimela ngokwemvelo yinkampani enkulu, ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ngezindleko eziphansi kunezinkampani ezimbalwa ezincane;
- Ukuzikhandla okuvulekile kuphelelwe ukuvikelwa emncintiswaneni, okuqinile kulokhu kungumhlinzeki oyingqayizivele wesikhashana kwanoma imuphi umkhiqizo. Lezi zigaba zihlukumeza, ngoba Ezinye izinkampani zingasebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuzimela. Izibonelo zalokhu yizinkampani zegesi noma izinkampani zocingo.

Manje ake sicabangele ukuthi yikuphi ukuzimela, ukucabangela isikhathi esiphezulu. Ukuhlelwa kwe-monopoly kungaba yisikhathi esifushane, sesikhathi esiphakathi nesikhathi eside. Isibonelo, ngosizo lwesitifiketi se-patent, i-firm ithola ukuzithoba okuvaliwe okwesikhashana. Lokhu kwenzeka hhayi nje kuphela isikhathi esilinganiselwe sokusebenza kwegunya lobunikazi, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuqaliswa kwemikhiqizo emisha ngokuncintisana.

Kukhona futhi indlela yokuzimela emibili emakethe yomsebenzi. Lesi yisimo lapho kukhona umthengisi oyedwa kuphela ohlangothini lokunikezela, kanye nomthengi kuphela ohlangothini olufunayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ivolumu yezimpahla namanani inqunywe yizinhlangothi ngesikhathi sezingxoxo. Isibonelo sokuzimela okunjalo kungaba njengobhakabhaka, okuwukuphela komuzi, ufulawa okhiqiza umgodla owodwa wofulawa.

I-monopoly emakethe yezabasebenzi ingamelwa ngesimo lapho isisebenzi esikhokhelwe khona sinamakhono futhi sinamakhono ahlukile. Kulesi simo, ukuzimela kungukubonakaliswa kwamandla emakethe kusukela ekuhlinzekeni komsebenzi. Isibonelo, umculi noma umlobi, onelungelo lobunikazi, usebenza njengomuntu oyedwa wesikhashana. Izenzo ze-copyright ezinde, okubaluleke nakakhulu yimali engenayo emkhiqizweni wemizamo yakhe yengqondo.
Iyini i-monopoly eRussia futhi yiziphi izici zayo? I-monopolies yokuqala ezweni lakithi yavuka ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX, phakathi kwayo eyayiyi-Union of Railroad Manufacturers, eyenza ukwakha izitimela. Ngemuva kwe- Revolution ka -Okthoba ka-1917 , izikhulu zakwa -monopolies zazisulwa. Manje eRussia kunesimo esisha salesi senzakalo - inkampani ngokusemthethweni. Kubonakala ngenani elikhulu labanikazi bamasheya, futhi indima enkulu ekupheleni kwenkampani, njengombuso, idlala ngabaphathi.