Isilinganiso samanani wonyaka. Indlela yokubala

Izibalo zisiza abacwaningi ukuba bahlole izinqubo ezenzeka ohlelweni. Izici ezihlukene zingahle zihlanganiswe, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izigaba ezifanayo. Isibalo sabantu kanye nezinqubo ezenzeka emkhakheni wezenhlalakahle zihlolwe ngezibalo ngokucophelela. Phela, lokhu kubonakala ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele isimo esivele sabantu.

Isilinganiso samanani wonyaka sithinteka ezikoleni eziningi zezomnotho ezingeni eliphezulu. Ngakho-ke, lesi sigaba esibalulekile sedatha sihlale siqapha, ukuhlelwa kabusha kuyenziwa. Ukubaluleka kwenkomba, kanye nezindlela zokwenza ukuhlaziywa, kubhekwe kulesi sihloko.

Abantu

Ukuze ukwazi ukunquma inani labantu abahlala kulo lonke idolobha, isifunda noma izwe, kuyadingeka ukuthi baqonde ukuthi isifundo sithini. Isimo sesimo sabantu singabonwa kusuka emazingeni ahlukene.

Inani labantu inani lonke labantu abahlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele yensimu ethile. Ukuze uhlaziye isimo sesimo sabantu, lesi sibonakaliso sibhekwa ngokwemvelo yokuzala (ukuzala nokufa) nokufuduka. Futhi hlola isakhiwo senani labantu (ngobudala, ubulili, ezingeni lezomnotho nezenhlalakahle, njll). Futhi, idatha ekudalweni kwemibonakalo ibonisa indlela ukuvuselelwa kwabantu kuyo yonke insimu kushintshile.

Abantu bafundiswa izibalo besebenzisa izindlela ezijwayelekile kanye nezikhethekile. Lokhu kusivumela ukuba senze iziphetho ezijulile, ngokujulile mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwezinkomba zabantu.

Izikhombisi zokuhlaziywa

Isilinganiso samanani wonyaka silinganiselwa ukusebenzisa izici ezihlukene zokuqoqa, ngokuya ngenhloso yokuhlaziywa. Isithombe sabantu abakhelwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwenkathi ethile ethile ensimini ethile singacatshangelwa ngokwemibono yesilinganiso senani labantu.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani lezi zinguquko noma ezinye izinguquko zenzeka, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukunyakaza kwemvelo, ukufuduka kwabantu. Ukwenza lokhu, idatha efanele ihileleke ekuhlaziyweni. Ukuze ube nombono ogcwele weqoqo labantu, ukwakheka kwenani labantu, bahlukaniswa ngokwezici ezithile.

Isibonelo, isifundo sibonisa ukuthi bangaki abesifazane nabesilisa abahlala ensimini ethile, ukuthi bangakanani ubudala, bangaki abantu abavela emphakathini abanamakhono afanele, izinga eliphezulu lemfundo.

Indlela yokubala

Ukuze wenze ukulandiswa kwabantu, amafomu ahlukene asetshenziswa. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukubala kunzima ngokuqoqwa kwedatha ngezikhathi eziningana. Uma kunolwazi ekuqaleni nokuphela kwesikhathi, isilinganiso samanani wonyaka (ifomula) sinjalo:

Ama-CHNreds. = (NN.n. + NN.c.) / 2, lapho i-NNsred. - Isilinganiso sabantu, iNN.n. - inani labantu kusukela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi, i-CZK. - inombolo ekupheleni kwesikhathi.

Uma izibalo ziqoqwe ngenyanga ngayinye yenkathi yokucwaninga, ifomula yayizoba:

Ama-CHNreds. = (0,5 I-ONLINE LIBRARY + ЧН2 ... ЧНп-1 + 0,5 КНН) (п-1), lapho ЧН1, ЧН2 ... ЧНп-1 - inani labantu ekuqaleni kwenyanga, п - inani lezinyanga.

Idatha yokuhlaziywa

Isilinganiso samanani waminyaka yonke, ifomula esinikezwe ngenhla, ithatha inamba yedatha yokubala. Kubalulekile ukubala inombolo ehlala njalo yabantu abahlala kule nsimu (MP). Kubandakanya inani langempela labantu abahlala endaweni yokufunda (NN).

Ngaphezu kwalesi sibonakaliso, ukuze ufunde isimo sendawo yezwe, isigaba senani labantu abahlala okwesikhashana (EP) libhekwa. Abantu abangekho okwesikhashana (VO) bathatha ingxenye ekubalweni. Kuphela lesi sibalo sisuswa kusamba sonke. Ifomula yesibalo sendawo yokuhlala kanje:

I-ПН = НН + ВП - ВО.

Ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-index ye-EP ne-LV, cabanga ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwezinyanga ezingu-6. Uma iqembu labantu lihlala endaweni yokucwaninga ezinyangeni ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, zibhekwa ngokwezimali, futhi zingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha - kubantu besikhashana.

Ukubalwa kwabantu

Inombolo yonyaka yenani labantu abahlala kuyo ibalwa ngesisekelo sedatha yabalobi bomphakathi. Kodwa le nqubo idinga isikhathi esiningi, umzamo kanye nemali. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukubalwa kwabantu njalo ngenyanga noma ngisho nonyaka.

Ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi phakathi kokuvuselelwa kwenani labantu ensimini ethile, uhlelo lokubala lokuqondisa luyasetshenziswa. Baqoqa idatha yezibalo ngokuzalwa nokufa, ukunyakaza kokuhamba. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iphutha elithile kulezi zikhombisi liqoqa.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze kutholakale ngokunembile inani labantu besilinganiso saminyaka yonke, kusekudingekile ukuqhuba ukubalwa kwabantu ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ukusebenza kwedatha yokuhlaziya

Ukubalwa kwesilinganiso saminyaka yonke kwenziwa ngenhloso yokucwaninga okuqhubekayo kwezinqubo zabantu. Umphumela wokuhlaziywa usetshenziselwa ukubala izinga lokufa nokuzala, ukukhiqizwa kwemvelo. Kubalwa kumongo weqembu ngalinye leminyaka.

Futhi, isilinganiso esiphezulu sabantu sisebenza uma kuhlolwa inani labantu abakwaziyo ukusebenza kahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isethi yabantu abashiye noma abafika ensimini yezwe noma isifunda ngokufuduka kungacatshangelwa. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuhlola okusemandleni abo bonke abasebenzi okugxilwe lapha.

Ukusatshalaliswa okufanele kwemithombo yezabasebenzi kuyisihluthulelo ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wezwe. Ngakho-ke, ukubaluleka kokubala inani labantu kunzima ukugcizelela.

Ukunyakaza kwemvelo kwabantu

Isilinganiso samanani wonyaka, ifomula yokubala okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla, ihilelekile ekuhloleni izinkomba ezihlukahlukene zabantu. Enye yazo inhlangano yemvelo yabantu. Kungenxa yezinqubo zemvelo zokuzala nokufa.

Phakathi nonyaka, isilinganiso senani labantu sanda ngenani lezingane ezisanda kuzalwa futhi sinciphisa inani labantu abafe. Lena inkambo yemvelo yokuphila. Ngokuqondene nesilinganiso sabantu, ama-coefficients of motion yemvelo atholakala. Uma izinga lokuzalwa lidlula izinga lokufa, kukhona ukwanda (futhi ngokuphambene nalokho).

Futhi, lapho senza lokhu kuhlaziywa, inani labantu lihlehliselwe ezinkathini zeminyaka yobudala. Ngakho-ke kunqunywa ukuthi yiliphi iqembu lapho kunezinga eliphezulu lokufa kwabantu. Lokhu kusenza sikwazi ukuphetha ngesiphetho sokuhlala ensimini esaphansi kokucwaninga, nokuvikeleka komphakathi kwezakhamuzi.

Ukufuduka

Isibonakaliso senani labakhileyo singashintsha hhayi kuphela ngenxa yezinqubo zemvelo. Abantu baya emsebenzini noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, beza ukusebenza. Uma abafuduki abanjalo bekhona noma bengekho entweni yophenyo izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, lokhu kubhekwe ngokucubungula ekuhlaziyweni.

Ukugeleza okuphawulekayo kokufuduka kuthinta umnotho. Imakethe yezabasebenzi ihluka ngokubili kokunciphisa nokwanda kwenani labahlali abanempilo.

Isilinganiso saminyaka yonke sizosiza ukuthola kokubili isici sokukhula nokunciphisa ukuhlinzekwa kwemisebenzi esifundeni. Uma ukugeleza okuningi kwabathutheli befika ezweni, izinga lokungasebenzi ngeke livuke . Ukunciphisa inani labantu abanamandla kuholela ekulahlekeni kwesabelomali, ukunciphisa amapensheni, imiholo yabodokotela, othisha, njll. Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha ukunyakaza kokuhamba, isibonakaliso siyadingeka kakhulu.

Umsebenzi womnotho

Ngaphandle kwezinguquko ekubaleni kwenani labantu bonke ezweni noma endaweni, ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo kwenziwa ngempela. Ngokuvamile, ngokwezinga lemali engenayo, amakilasi amathathu wabantu ahlukanisiwe.

Inamba yonyaka yenani labantu abasebenzayo ngokwezomnotho yenza kube lula ukuhlola amandla okuthenga izakhamuzi, izinga labo lokuphila. Emazweni athuthukile, iningi lomphakathi lakhiwe ngabantu abanemali engenayo. Bangathenga ukudla okudingekayo, izinto, ngezikhathi ezithile benze izinto ezinkulu, ukuhamba.

Emazweni anjalo kukhona amaphesenti amancane abantu abacebile kakhulu nabampofu. Uma inani labahlali abanemali ephansi liyanda kakhulu, umthwalo omkhulu wezezimali wehla kwisabelomali. Lokhu kunciphisa izinga jikelele lokuphila.

Wonke amaqembu ezombusazwe asebenza njengama-coefficients ahlobene nesilinganiso samanani wonyaka.

Amathebula angenakwenzeka

Ukuze kunqunywe inani labantu abalinganiselwa ngonyaka ngaphandle kokubalwa kwabantu, indlela yokwakha amatafula angenakwenzeka. Iqiniso liwukuthi izinqubo eziningi zezenhlalakahle zingahle zibikezelwe kusengaphambili. Lokhu kuhilela ukunyakaza kwemvelo kwabantu.

Itafula lisekelwe ezitatimendeni eziningana. Inhlangano yemvelo ayinakuphikiswa, ngoba awukwazi ukufa futhi uzalwe kabili. Kanye kuphela lapho ungabeletha ingane yokuqala. Uhlobo oluthile lwezigameko lucatshangelwa. Isibonelo, awukwazi ukungena emshadweni wesibili, uma ungabhalisi owokuqala.

Isibalo sabantu sihlukaniswe sibe ngamaqembu adala. Ngamunye wabo amathuba okuba khona kwalokhu noma lowo mcimbi uhlukile. Okulandelayo, inani labantu abasesigaba ngasinye lihlaziywa.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu abanezinga elithile lokungenelela bangena kulokhu noma lelo qembu. Ngakho kubikezelwa. Isibonelo, leso sigaba sabantu abaseminyakeni yobudala bazoba abahola impesheni. Ngakho-ke, abahlaziyi bangakwazi ukubikezela ukuthi bangaki abantu abazojoyina iqembu elilandelayo.

Ukuhlela

Ukuhlelwa kwezinga lezomnotho ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kwedatha yezibalo. Inombolo yonyaka yenani labantu abakhuthele ithathwa ngokucatshangelwa lapho ifunda izinga lokuphila, amandla okuthenga, futhi nalapho iqala idokhumenti enkulu yezomnotho yezwe (isabelomali).

Inani lemali engenayo kanye nezindleko azikwazi ukubikezelwa ngaphandle kokucabangela inombolo nesakhiwo sezakhamuzi zezwe. Lapho abantu abaningi besebenza emkhakheni ongewona isabelomali, ephakeme izinga lemali engenayo, okukhulu kuyoba ukuxhashazwa kwezikweletu zezimali.

Uma abahlaziyi behlonza ukuthi ukwehla kokufakwayo kugeleza esikhathini esizayo, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa isimo. Umbuso ngamunye unamakhemikhali ayo wokuphatha izinsiza zomphakathi. Ngokudala imisebenzi emisha, ukuphishekela inqubomgomo enhle yomphakathi, ukuphakamisa izinga lokuphila labantu, kungenzeka ukuthi izwe liphumelele.

Ukuhlaziywa nokuhlelwa kwesimo sezenhlalo kwenziwa ngesicelo sokugunyazwa kwesilinganiso samanani wonyaka, kanye namanye ama-coefficients ezakhiweni. Ngakho-ke, ukwanele kokuhlela isabelomali sezwe kuncike ekufanelekeni kokuqoqwa kwedatha kanye nesifundo sabo.

Ngokucabangela umqondo onjalo njengombalo ophakathi kwabantu, umuntu angaqonda ukubaluleka kwalesi sibonakaliso sokuhlaziywa nokuhlela kwezomnotho. Izibikezelo eziningi zekusasa lezwe, isifunda noma idolobha zakhiwa emva kokuqoqwa okufanele nokucubungula ulwazi olufanele. Lesi isenzo esidingekayo lapho uhlela uhlelo lwesabelomali kanye neminye imibhalo ebalulekile yezimali.