Ukunemba of a iwashi eliwayindwayo. Kanjani ukulungisa ukunemba a iwashi eliwayindwayo?

Swiss noma mhlawumbe Japanese, mechanical noma asebenza ngebhethri - ngasiphi isikhathi inembe kunazo? Ingabe kuyiqiniso ukuthi ikwazi Swiss iwashi eliwayindwayo kukhulunywe? Ngubani ngokuvamile kwakudingeka amawashi olunembile kakhulu emhlabeni? Kanjani ukulungisa ukunemba kwewashi le? Kulesi sihloko uzothola impendulo yonke le mibuzo.

amawashi awayindwayo - ukunemba, osekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziswa

Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka, abantu njalo beveza izindlela ezahlukene nezindlela yokulinganisa sithole isikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngosuku olucwathile libalele futhi isikhathi kunqunywa ukuhamba kwelanga kwazise umthunzi usuke ungekho sezulu esinamafu futhi ebusuku, le ndlela yalutho. Futhi, ukuze sithole isikhathi wasebenzisa amanzi iwashi ikhandlela.

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala nemini, eyayintula inhlamvu amanzi, sihlehlela emuva III ekhulwini BC. e. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi e China yasungulwa iwashi nge mercury inhlamvu. Ngakho, ihange Ngomlindo wokuqala yasungulwa ngokunembile eChina, ngonyaka 725. Kamuva, onjiniyela Arab aye athuthuka iwashi lamanzi futhi ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa ukudluliswa izakhi mechanical ukuqala ukuphotha. Mechanical amawashi odongeni nge pin inhlamvu zadalwa phakathi kwekhulu XIV. Futhi ekuqaleni XVI ekhulwini ukuthi lwenziwe Yihhovisi entwasahlobo izindlela, kanye nezibonelo lokuqala iwashi. Kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi owasungula le iwashi eqondile kakhulu okuthiwa i-pendulum indlela.

I amawashi lokuqala mechanical ayengenakubalwa Ukudayela ezime njengesitebhisi ibhera ibhiphu ngemva kwenkathi ethile yesikhathi. Iwashi endala ngaphandle Ukudayela, kuze kube manje awalulahlanga nokusebenza kahle yabo, kukhona watch 1386 ngonyaka imodeli, ise-British Salisbury sezindela. Awu, iningi lasendulo ephaketheni iwashi - iyiwashi ephathekayo, eyenziwe uPetru Genlaynom e 1504 e-Germany. Ngo 1790 eSwitzerland, "Jacquet Droz kanye nala eLashio" wethula iqoqo lokuqala amawashi.

Ukunemba - le inhlonipho yamakhosi

I amawashi olunembile kakhulu kukhona athomu. Kube cesium, rubidium ne-hydrogen kuma-atomic clock, ngenkathi iwashi olunembile kunazo esetshenziswa cesium athomu kanye emkhakheni kagesi nge imitshina ebucayi.

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule e-United States baye owenza iwashi olunembile kakhulu emhlabeni - Quantum Logic Clock. kusimo Okuwukuphela amabhokisi okukhulu lapho idivayisi kuyinto indlela, kanjalo yize umkhawulo, isithenjwa ukunemba, ekuphileni kwansuku zonke iwashi ezinjalo nakanjani kuyinto engenakwenzeka, futhi ukukala isikhathi esiqondile kuba kukhona evamile amawashi awayindwayo futhi asebenza ngebhethri.

Kusukela namuhla, ungakwazi ukuthenga amawashi awayindwayo e ezahlukene imiklamo, ukusebenza kanye intengo imikhakha, kodwa ipharamitha main lapho ukhetha iwashi yidivayisi ukunyakaza.

Quartz kanye amawashi awayindwayo

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo itholakala ukuthi isetshenziswa njengoba umthombo energy for ukusebenza lo mshini iwashi. umsebenzi indlela e onobuhle mechanical ihlinzeka entwasahlobo ikhoyili okuyinto achithayo ngonyaka sigubhu nge onqenqemeni toothed. Esiqalisweni sezinhlelo entwasahlobo osontekile ezingeni walo omkhulu futhi ngesikhathi unwinding ngemoto sigubhu ngokushintshana, iqala ngqo lonke kakade clockwork. Ububi main mshini entwasahlobo - bokungafani ijubane unwinding yayo, esithinta ukunemba iwashi lokukhanda. isilinganiso esivamile sokusuka kusukela isikhathi esiqondile ngenxa iwashi eliwayindwayo ubhekwa -20 / + 60 imizuzwana ngelanga, kungcono uma iphutha ingeqi 4-5 imizuzwana ngosuku.

Isimiso ezisebenza asebenza ngebhethri amawashi

Umsebenzi clockwork e asebenza ngebhethri amawashi Kwenziwa usebenzisa ibhethri asebenza ngebhethri enika amandla i-electronic control unit kanye ukunyathela amahora indlela. iyunithi Electronic ithumela ishayela ngamunye yesibili motor esilawula amazinga okushisa ezandleni iwashi. Ngakho, imvamisa ukuzinza kanye nokunemba asebenza ngebhethri crystal inikeza, lapho iwashi futhi lethiwa. Ukunemba kubaluleke 20-25 imizuzwana ngenyanga, izinga Iphutha iwashi olunembile kakhulu lingaphansi kuka 5 amasekhondi ngenyanga. amawashi Quartz angadingi njalo emazombezombe, ne ukusebenza amabhethri kungenzeka khona iminyaka eminingana.
Asikwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ngisho kwemilindo eqolo awayindwayo kakhulu kunabayeni ukunemba sesikhathi kwanoma iyiphi imodeli asebenza ngebhethri analogue.

Kukholakala ukuthi umakhenikha lithembeké kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside ukwedlula iwashi elisebenza ngebhethri, kodwa ngokuphelele akunjalo. Resource ukuthuthela izakhi nemininingwane e asebenza ngebhethri amawashi ngezindlela eziningi has izilungiselelo efanayo nenkambiso mechanical, ngakho imikhiqizo eliphezulu ibe nesevisi isikhathi eside. Ngokungafani asebenza ngebhethri amawashi, onobuhle awayindwayo ayabiza, ngisho amawashi awayindwayo isiRashiya, ingasaphathwa imikhiqizo amazwe angaphandle, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa inqubo kanye nenqubo okudla isikhathi enza yabo. Ukubeka mechanical iwashi indlela Kwenziwa kuphela ngesandla, futhi iningi imininingwane imikhiqizo asebenza ngebhethri senziwe imigqa ezenzakalelayo.

Ngakho lapho kungcono - umakhenikha noma asebenza ngebhethri?

Ngeshwa, impendulo ecacile yalo mbuzo ingucha. Mechanical amawashi Swiss kukhona amawashi zakudala. Kwabaningi, amahora zona zijwayele, wazama ngisho imigomo ehlonishwayo ngaphezulu. amawashi Quartz maningi travel olunembile futhi asidingi njalo emazombezombe, ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi model engasindi kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha amahora - kuba ngabanye kanye kuncike ngokuyinhloko esikuthandako.

amawashi Japanese

Japanese iwashi ukunyakaza akuzona njengoba olunembile, kanye neminye imingcele eminingi izinga amawashi Swiss. Okwamanje, imikhiqizo eliphezulu eJapane ukubukela umkhakha ngokuqiniseka ubambe ehola izikhundla emakethe emhlabeni ngenxa inhlanganisela ngempumelelo ubuchwepheshe classical imiklamo ezintsha, okukuvumela ukuba njalo ngcono iwashi, ayigcwalisa izici ezintsha kanye namakhono. Manje, Swiss iwashi izinkampani eziningi yokukhiqiza ozama ukuboleka Japanese yobuchwepheshe bama-electronic enkulu ekwakhekeni imikhiqizo yabo.

Japanese Technology amawashi

Ngokwesibonelo, Japanese ubuke nge umklamo zakudala Citizen Chronomaster iyona Iwashi olunembile kakhulu emhlabeni, isiphambeko sabo yonyaka ingeqi ± 5 imizuzwana ngonyaka. Izindleko zalesi imodeli ruble 70 000.
Kukhethwa abesilisa onobuhle lensikazi isihlakala amawashi mkhulu ngempela. Leyo mikhumbi kuhluke ukuklanywa Ingaphandle, zingenziwa materials ahlukahlukene, kodwa zonke imikhiqizo anemisila indlela ehlukile kuqinisekisa lenqubekela phambili kanye nokusebenza ukunemba iwashi lokukhanda. The brand kunazo owaziwa Japanese - Seiko, Citizen, Casio, aseMpumalanga, Pulsar.

Isibonelo esimangalisayo ubuciko Japanese kuyinto chronograph Citizen Promaster Sky, okuyinto has a design eliyingqayizivele futhi yasekuqaleni futhi ngendlela ezithakazelisayo ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nendawo nesikhathi esiqondile. Inzuzo enkulu amahora radiosinhronizatsiey wukuthi imikhiqizo efana nhlobo amaphutha sesikhathi, ngoba isikhathi njalo ihlolwe ngokumelene isignali yomsakazo, okuvela iwashi le-athomu. Ngeshwa, isignali lingafunyanwa emhlabeni.

onobuhle Electronic iwashi Japanese

Ikakhulukazi Kuyaphawuleka kukhona electronic imodeli Japanese amawashi, okuyinto abe okunhlobonhlobo imisebenzi eyengeziwe. Zonke onobuhle zenziwa metal kusuka okuqinile housings steel. imikhiqizo Ngokucophelela ifa lomhlaba, futhi abe ezingeni eliphezulu ukumelana namanzi kanye ukumelana ngcono umonakalo lokukhanda.
Umholi ku amawashi Japanese namanje inkampani Seiko, muva owasungula iwashi nge ezintsha osezingeni 9F. Siyabonga kuye, isiphambeko sabo yonyaka ingeqi +/- 10 imizuzwana.

I-American iwashi

History of the ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukuba khona kwezimangaliso iwashi American uya emuva emashumini eminyaka, nabakhiqizi ukudala onobuhle zabo zama ukufanisa isitayela classic, futhi ukunemba a iwashi eliwayindwayo, ekhiqizwa e-US, akahlukile owawenziwa yimishini ngokunemba, ekhishwe e-Switzerland noma Japan. Nokho, ezihlukahlukene onobuhle ezahlukene intengo izigaba, okuyinto amelwa zombili izinguqulo zakudala sporty, kuyokushiya umangele ngisho umthengi olindele kunazo.

Kakhulu ngokunembile ovelele amawashi lempi. Bulova inkampani iminyaka eminingi wahlanganyela ukuthuthukiswa iqoqo elisha esihlakaleni zabesifazane kanye amawashi zabesilisa, ngokuthi Precisionist, ngokwezwi nezwi elisho ukuthi "ukunemba". Le nkomba uya libhekene umkhiqizo nokuqoqwa, ne-margin ngomvimbo iphutha +/- 10 imizuzwana ngonyaka. onobuhle Quartz babe nezinye izici eziningi ezintsha - umklamo omusha, a elintantayo isandla yesibili, engase inciphise imiphumela emibi izinga lokushisa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa chips ezengeziwe ophethe izinqubo thermoregulation. Phinda ubuke has a esingunxantathu crystal vibration okuyinto izikhathi eziningana ephakeme kunaleyo zinhlayiya dihedral.

Ukulungisa ukunemba ukunyakaza lokubuka

Ngokungangabazeki, izici ezibaluleke kakhulu kwanoma iyiphi imodeli - iwashi ukunemba mechanical, naphezu tolerances, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi kuze kube imizuzwana ngelanga 30. Ngo womshini ukunyakaza abakhiqizi esungulwe banamathele isitifiketi. Zonke izilungiselelo abazenzi ngqo ngesikhathi abakhiqizi izindawo. amawashi Mechanical odongeni, kanye isandla - is a indlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho zinembile kuncike umsebenzi ehlelekile zonke izinhlelo kanye izingxenye ekuklanyweni zedivayisi.

Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa amawashi awayindwayo manual ukulungiswa indlela inikezwa, ngawo kungenzeka ukunciphisa ukunemba iphutha. Ukulungisa, odinga ukukwazi imininingwane zedivayisi futhi ukunyakaza.

Simple (owodwa) lokushisa

Ukulungiswa ngokunemba amawashi awayindwayo unhlangothi kwenzeka esebenzisa iyingxenye ebalulekile kwebhuloho ku ibhalansi node, okuthiwa "thermometer". Izinga lokushisa kuyinto isigwedlo komunye umkhawulo lapho zikhona izikhonkwane ezimbili noma uvala isiqhebezo ngakolunye ekupheleni - projection encane. Lokhu kwelivi kungaba ukunemba olungisiwe a iwashi eliwayindwayo futhi ulungiselele ubude ukusebenza Kuvunguza. "Thermometer" kuhluke design, okungenzeka ubude ezahlukene umcibisholo, ububanzi we apula yokuhlukanisa nezinhlobo ezahlukene izikhonkwane. "Thermometer" kungaba elula (owodwa) noma eziyinkimbinkimbi (double).

amawashi awayindwayo kuyabiza -

Uma sikhuluma isihlakala amawashi awayindwayo, bona kuhlobisa izandla zabantu engenayo ephezulu.

Izindleko imikhiqizo lingadlula ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu euro. Ngakho-ke, ungahlala at okuhlukile ezahlukene, intengo kuyoba aphansi kakhulu, yebo, uma uzimisele ukudela ukunemba ukuze kuzuze emnothweni nokuqashelwa.