HomelinessUkwakhiwa

Ukuphakama esezingeni isitebhisi

Ezindaweni suburban namuhla ukuze ugcine isakhiwo esiningi ekhaya e emabhilidini ezimbili noma ezintathu. Kunoma ikuphi, kukhona elisophahleni cishe njalo isakhiwo yokuhlala yangasese. Lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe isici esiyisibopho iyiphi indlu lizwe ukhuphuke ngezitebhisi. Uma kuhlelelwa isakhiwo esinjalo kufanele kuchazwe kuhlanganise ne nemingcele ezifana isinyathelo ukuphakama. Wena ubuye ubale ububanzi boom wokudedelana, ubude bawo namanye izinkomba. Yenza iphrojekthi isitebhisi, qiniseka nezidingo SNIP futhi GOST.

Yiziphi izitebhisi

ephakamisa izakhiwo ezimbili zama ngokuvamile efakwe kule izindlu zasemaphandleni - booster noma isikulufa ezivamile. Uhlobo lokuqala nakho kungase rotatable. Izinhlobo izigaba, ngakho kukhona ezimbili - sikwele elula (noma ephuma kabili isiyingi) kanye trapezoid.

Kaningi kuyenzeka ukuthi konke ngenxa rotary platform izitebhisi endlini Asikho isikhala esanele. Kulokhu, it is indawo izinyathelo zabezhnymi. Eqinisweni, isitebhisi esinjalo kukhona sustainers yenguquko ukusuka omunye screw. ups kokubili izinhlobo asetshenziswa ukwakhiwa yabo - trapezoid, futhi elingunxande.

Ubukhulu ejwayelekile

Amazinga GOST futhi SNiP kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko ububanzi nobude we esiteji ngokhonkolo izitebhisi ezisemadolobheni multi-storey izindlu. Uphiko lokuqala amazinga kufanele kube ngu 30 cm. Lokhu ipharamitha ukuphakama esitebhisini, GOST sinquma uzimisele ngokucabangela-engeli ukuthambekela mashi. Ngakho, kulesi sibalo we isitebhisi ukufinyelela uqobo mayelana 125-145 mm. Ngezinye engaphansi steeper kanye elisophahleni ezakhiwe ephakamisa ukuphakama kufanele kube 143 noma 168 mm. Ububanzi izinyathelo isitebhisi esinjalo bavunyelwe wehlise ukuba 26 cm.

Ngo indlu yangasese le ndinganiso e ukunemba uyogcina Yiqiniso, uyathanda noma awuthandi. Ukuze izakhiwo ezinjalo ububanzi ethize futhi ukuphakama izitebhisi GOST asichazi. Kukhona kuphela ibanga elithile amagugu, okungafanele it is hhayi Kunconywa. Nakani lapho ukuklama izitebhisi emakhaya suburban ngokuyinhloko izimfanelo emagcekeni uhlelo.

izigaba design

Ukhwela izitebhisi kungenziwa kuvikelwe entsanjeni noma stringers. Futhi eqinisweni, futhi kwelinye icala kukhona amamashi eyizingqabavu futhi iqine. Ikhipha izinyathelo aqukethe izakhi ezimbili eziyinhloko:

  • unyathele (ingxenye ovundlile);
  • yesikhuphukeli (ingxenye mpo).

Ububanzi mashi isitebhisi, ngokuvumelana neziqondiso, akumele ibe ngaphansi kuka 0.9 m. Kodwa ngokuvamile emizini yabathile eqoqwe takhiwo ibanga kusukela wesitimela odongeni cishe 1.2-1.5 m. Ubude futhi ukuphakama isinyathelo wokugibela neze ancikene. Lapho kubalwa ephakamisa imingcele ziyabhekelelwa nezinye izinto.

A ukwakhiwa wokugibela yesikhuphukeli futhi ngezinye izikhathi ingavuli. Lokhu kusindisa on impahla. Nokho, ngaphandle izici eziningana ezinjengolwazi amamashi bheka ngaphansi okuqinile futhi ephephile uma iqhathaniswa izimpumputhe ezivamile.

amazinga

Uma kuhlelelwa isidingo zithobele imithetho elandelayo olunikezwa SNP elintantayo :

  • Nyathela ububanzi akumelwe kube ngaphansi kuka-20 cm;
  • esigabeni engenhla kungase eziphephile phansi ngokungenzi ezingaphezu kuka-5 cm;
  • ukuphakama wokugibela akufanele kube awanakufundwa 14-21 cm.

Intulo isakhiwo design, ikhumbula ukuthi:

  • ingxenye encane izinyathelo akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-10 cm;
  • ububanzi isinyathelo trapezoid ngakolunye uhlangothi kumele ingabi ngaphezu kuka-40 cm;
  • kanye eksisi eyinhloko yimpandla kufanele abe ububanzi okungenani 20 cm.

ukubala ifomula

Bala ububanzi edingekayo (A) kanye isinyathelo ukuphakama (S) ifomula isitebhisi 2S + A = 590 ... 650 mm. izinombolo isukela 590 kuya kwangu-600 mm - obuphelele kuyisinyathelo womuntu isilinganiso. Ngakho, kuye ngokuthi isakhiwo endlini, kuqala kuchazwe nemingcele ezifana ukuphakama esiteji. Okulandelayo ukubala inombolo oyifunayo ngamakheshi, kukhona ububanzi kanye engela kahle ukuthambekela mashi.

Ngokwesibonelo ukubala

Ake sithi ibanga kusukela kuphansi kusiya ophahleni kuleli kamelo 275 cm Uma lesi oyifunayo isinyathelo ukuphakama - .. 17 cm kuleli cala ilingana nenani ngamakheshi 275/17 - 1 = 16:18 - 15.18 = 1. Zimikiswa kunombolo ephelele eseduze, sithola ama-degree angu-15. Sithola langempela lift ukuphakama 275/16 = 17.2 cm.

Manje singakwazi ukuchaza ububanzi esiteji. A = 63 cm -. 2 * 17.2 cm = 28,6 cm, babanjwa 29 cm okwengeziwe kudingeka ichaze projection esitezi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ububanzi izinyathelo omane iphindwe inombolo yabo. Umphumela uba ukuthi esigabeni sokuqala kufanele zibekwe esuka odongeni 15 * 29 = 435 cm. Ukwazi eziphakeme futhi projection kungaba azimisele tangent lokuqala tgA = 275/435 = 0,6321, wabe ungatshekisa engela A = 32 degrees kulesi sibonelo 18 imiz. Akukhona ngalé imingcele eyamukelekayo.

Yini kuwufanele azi

Isikhathi esining impela, izitebhisi ekuklanyweni indlu ngaphambi kokwenza eyohlinzwa ezinjalo, njengoba yokuqedela lokugcina phansi. Kulokhu, ukuphakama ipharamitha kumele kwengezwe ugqinsi isigubungelo phansi ikusasa futhi ukwahlukanisa (uma enikeziwe). Zonke izigaba le mashi kumele babe lobulinganako. Uma kungenjalo, ukuhambisa isitebhisi kuyoba kubonakala kuphatheke kabuhlungu kakhulu futhi ezingaphephile.

Ngaphezu minimum futhi maximum izibalo, kukhona ukuphakama elikhulu isinyathelo mashi. Lokhu ipharamitha uyalingana 17 cm ububanzi elikhulu ezakhayo. Wokugibela isici - 28 cm.

Ukuphakama izinyathelo ezahlukene izinto amamashi

Kuchazwa kwemigomo lift wokugibela, kufanele ucabangele isici esibalulekile. Ukuphakama nobubanzi izinyathelo kungaya kuhlanganise impahla akhethiwe ngokwenza imashi. Ayisebenzi mthetho ikakhulukazi kuphela ukhonkolo nensimbi izitebhisi.

Ububanzi esezingeni cut amabhodi, isibonelo, kuyinto 150, 175 noma 200 mm. Ngakho, isinyathelo ukuphakama kulokhu kuyoba ulingana esinye salezi namanani (lokususa ukushuba we ugodo). Enye ukukhetha kulokhu ngeke usebenze. Kungenjalo uyoba ukwenza umsebenzi omningi kukhathaza ukunciphisa ububanzi amabhodi.

Kuyefana nasendleleni bephakamisa isitini izitebhisi. Stage ukwakhiwa elula kunazo ukuqoqa imigqa emibili. Kulesi izitini lokuqala esebeka embhedeni. Emgqeni wesibili basuke ibekwe phezu uhlaka. Ukuphakama isitini standard 65 mm Ububanzi - 120 mm. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka ukwanda 65 + 120 + 10 = 195 mm (5 mm - ezinkulu).

isitebhisi mpo

imiklamo ezinjalo ezingavamile, kodwa zisetshenziselwa emizini yabazalwane. Ngokuvamile-ke noma izitebhisi elisophahleni, noma okuholela emiphongolweni. Ububanzi avumelekile amabanga phakathi withs kulokhu 0.45-0.80 m ukuphakama izinyathelo (isinyathelo therebetween), ngaleyo ndlela akumele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.30 m futhi 0,34 m ezingaphezu kuka ubude esiphezulu mpo isitebhisi addl - .. 5 amamitha.

Ilungiselelo elinjalo kufanele ngempela ifakwe idivayisi ukuvimbela ke tipping phezu futhi eshintshashintshayo. Mayelana izimfuno esifanayo ezenziwa isitebhisi.

Yimaphi amanye amazinga akhona

Yiqiniso, kwezokwakha ukunquma hhayi kuphela bangaki isinyathelo ukuphakama ububanzi kumele kube ngamasentimitha. Uma kuhlelelwa izitebhisi qiniseka ukuba acabangele ezinye izimiso:

  • ukubiya ukuphakama akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-90 cm;
  • ibanga phakathi balusters Awukwazi ukwenza kuka-15 cm;
  • Okuncane ukujiya amabhodi unyathele - 2.5-3 cm.

Uma kuhlelelwa a izitebhisi izindlu rotary yangasese, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kufanele sinake izinkomba ezifana indawo indawo ukuphakama ukusuka phansi enhlabathini. Ngokusho kwale mithetho, lokhu ipharamitha akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-1.9, kodwa namanje kangcono ukuba endaweni ephakathi amamashi ephakeme -. 2.5 m kusuka phansi. Kungenjalo, odlulayo ngaphansi izitebhisi, abantu ngokuvamile ukwandisa kungenzeka umane hit.

Ngo ezakhiwe ngokhuni zonke izakhi ephakamisa kufanele uxhumano nomsebenzisi nge bolts. Lapho usebenzisa i-nezikulufi self-evunyelwe isitebhisi ngokushesha okukhulu imvume noma izaba. Isinyathelo sokuqala ovunyelwe ukwenza okuncane ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye. Le mashi kufanele kube yini engaphezu kuka-18 ngamakheshi. Nokho, isitebhisi esinjalo eside efiselekayo swivel. Ngakho ku mashi ngamunye kungaba-9 ngamadigrizi (noma, isibonelo, 5 no-13). I phezulu izitebhisi okuholela ububanzi kuchazwe egumbini umnyango ukujula. Umngcele we-lokuqala liyadingeka ibe inkulu kweyesibili.

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