Ukuphakama izitebhisi: GOST. Ukubalwa izinyathelo usayizi kanye emthambekeni indiza ka izitebhisi

Enezitezi design, ukubukeka kwayo, lula kanye nokuvikeleka kubalulekile nganoma yisiphi ekhaya. Kuphumelele isitebhisi design kwandisa jikelele induduzo ezingeni abaningi abazokutshela ukuyisebenzisa esikhathini esizayo, futhi sithinta ezingeni Ergonomics egumbini. Banikezwe ukubaluleka ukwakhiwa, ukuphathwa emthethweni owabeka cishe zonke izakhi zawo: span ubude nobubanzi, ubukhulu ezivalekile, inombolo bese ukuphakama izinyathelo izitebhisi (GOST SNP).

Ukubala esifike nemingcele

Ubukhulu eziyisisekelo isakhiwo wokugibela ibalwa at the stage of yentuthuko yomklamo ekhaya. Ububanzi futhi ukuphakama izinyathelo ezitebhisini ivumela abakhi ukubala nemingcele ebaluleke kakhulu isakhiwo esizayo.

Ngokuvamile lapho ukuklama izitebhisi iphrojekthi uholwe iziqondiso esebenzayo izifiso umnikazi isakhiwo. amathuluzi Ifanele zokuphatha elawula ukwakhiwa kanti umsebenzi wokulungisa kunesidingo. Ngemva umdwebo we amahle, eshaya umcabango isitebhisi - kuyigxathu. Umklamo kufanele kube ukusebenza, okuthembekile, elula futhi evikelekile.

Ikakhulukazi ukulalelisisa liyadingeka nezitebhisi izakhiwo zomphakathi ngenhloso noma ezikhungweni zemfundo.

Njengoba-ke kulawulwa ukwakhiwa izitebhisi

Aqukethe amazinga, imithetho nokulungisa, ngokuhambisana okufanele yakhiwe zonke izitezi - GOST futhi SNIP.

Kube GOST 8717.1-84 futhi 8717.0-84 ngoba izitebhisi sasakhiwe ngokhonkolo futhi ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we yokugcina kusebenza futhi ephothiwe, wenza metal ezakhiwe.

Ezinye izinto zabo okuchaza, yini ukuphakama kufanele kube nokumasha, izinyathelo eziningi kufanele ibekwe futhi ukuthi ziphakeme okudingeka ukwenze. Futhi icacisa engela indiza ka izitebhisi ahlelwe, Ububanzi nohlobo uthango.

Ezinye Ubukhulu ziboniswa amanani athile, ezinye zimelela ibanga phakathi lapho inkosi abakhi ungakhetha efanelekayo izinombolo zabo.

Luthini olwakho "emthambekeni kahle izitebhisi?"

I-engeli lapho ezitebhisini uzobe elise sangasese ukwakhiwa kwendlu, multi-storey isakhiwo sokuhlala noma izinjongo zomphakathi - kutuswa amagugu. I-engeli obuncane degrees 20, esiphezulu - degrees 50.

engela encane ibonisa ukuthi isitebhisi uphansi, okungukuthi, kuba flat. Yiqiniso, i-izinyathelo ezinjalo kulula kakhulu ukuba uphakamise wehlise ingozi bewa, kodwa isakhiwo esinjalo etholwe izikhathi eziningana eside futhi kuthatha isikhala okuningi. Ngokuvamile Abaklami enizibiza abanikazi ukugcina isikhala ephilayo ngokunciphisa ubude isitebhisi. GOST sisungula engela esiphezulu ukuthambekela degrees 50, njengoba emaweni ekuphumeni ezingeni ephephile womuntu.

Nokho, kunokuningi okungakhulunywanga ngakho, ezifana ukufakwa izitebhisi ekamelweni elisophahleni futhi zewayini. Kukhona izitebhisi emaweni ngenxa ukungasebenzisi ukusetshenziswa futhi isikhala izingqinamba zabo kungaxazululwa.

Kwemisebenzi yoMnyango (ngoba indlu yangasese) ubhekwa indiza ka izitebhisi, bayichezukisa i-engela 30-35 degrees. Lokhu uhla izinkomba sifana isigqi yemvelo ukunyakaza komuntu.

Iyiphi idatha kunakwe ngokuhamba iphrojekthi

Amapharamitha ezibaluleke kakhulu ezithinta isitebhisi yilezi:

1. Ukuphakama kwalelo nalelo phansi.
2. Izindawo ezivamile wezangaphakathi.
3. Isakhiwo se-emafasiteleni, eminyango kanye apertures evulekile.
4. Ukuma nezici kwezindonga amakamelo (niches, Amashalofu okubeka).

Lezi idatha, okuyinto kunqunywa imidwebo ukwakhiwa, kuthonywa Eqinisweni lokho kuyoba ukuphakama izitebhisi, izivakashi uyophinde qiniseka acabangele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibalo enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba sibone ukuthi kuyoba Imininingwane ukuphakama isitebhisi amamashi obuphelele, inombolo kanye nosayizi zamapulatifomu yokunyathelisa.

Ukuba khona imingcele isethi akusho ukuthi isitebhisi akudingekile ukubala baragele phambili. amaphrojekthi ngamanye kunesidingo, njengoba ubukhulu yokugcina kuthintwa izici eziningi (isitebhisi kanye uthango impahla ukwakhiwa, uhlobo izinto kokuphothula asetshenziswe ngaphakathi).

ukuphakama izitebhisi (GOST) Wenzenjani ukubala?

I engela ukuthambekela isakhiwo incike isibalo izigaba ngeke, ku ukuphakama, futhi ibanga elibahlukanisile.

Amazinga ichaze izincwadi zokuphatha - GOST futhi SNIP. Ukuphakama izinyathelo isitebhisi kungaba kusuka 12 cm 22 cm. Kukhethwa usayizi ethile endaweni kuthinta obandayo isakhiwo nenjongo yawo. Kulabo izitebhisi, elivame ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha futhi, kutuswa ukuba ukhethe ukubaluleka mayelana 14,5-17,5 cm.

Nokho kwezivunyelwe ivela 25 cm 40 cm, izigaba elula kunazo baqaphela, ububanzi 30-37 cm ..: Ekhuluma we yimpandla ukujula (indiza ovundlile lapho umuntu uhamba) kumele icacise ukubaluleka kwayo elilungile

Lokho ezikushoyo lezi zimiso iba Usayizi unyawo lomuntu Ngokwesilinganiso, futhi isinyathelo ububanzi. Uma nganoma isiphi isizathu ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa nemingcele elilungile noma isitebhisi ukuphambuka kuhlelwe evimbela ukubekwa izinyathelo ezinjalo Ubukhulu iphrojekthi Onjiniyela ukunciphisa ka 14.5 cm ukujula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo zinikeza protrusion kwandisa ukujula by ngamasentimitha amabili noma amathathu (eziphephile izinyathelo).

Uyini yesikhuphukeli futhi yini okufanele ukuphakama kwalo

Ukuphakama degrees zonke isitebhisi incike ubukhulu kanye ukushuba isikhuphukeli ngokwayo esiteji. Ngokuthi mpo yesikhuphukeli ilungu ngokufanele phakathi ezimbili yimpandla.

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, ukuphakama esezingeni izitebhisi kuyinto 14,5-17,5 cm. Kulokhu, kwemigomo inqubo yokubala kufaka isheke kuphoqelekile ethokomele nephephile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, phinda ububanzi yimpandla nokuphakama yesikhuphukeli (e umdwebo). Uma inani lemali ungaphakathi uhla kusuka 44 cm 48 cm, isitebhisi angabhekwa ephephile.

Inani izinyathelo

Standard izitezi iqukethe ngokwesilinganiso 12-15 degrees. Le mali ivumela abantu abaningi ukugibela ngokuphepha kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni ukwakhiwa noma ukufika.

Ukuze athole ukuthi mingaki izinyathelo kuyodingeka ukuba izitebhisi esakhiwe, inkosi zisebenzisa indlela elandelayo:

1. Kubalwa noma kulinganiswa Imininingwane wokugibela obuphelele (ibanga kusuka esigabeni sokuqala esitezi sesibili phansi).
2. Hlukanisa okuholela obuphelele kulinganiselwa ku ukuphakama yesikhuphukeli.
3. Oyindilinga usayizi etholwe inenombolo futhi enze zokubala kabusha ne idatha entsha.

Lokhu algorithm ngempela lolumalula ngoba inqubo yokubala langempela uyakucabangela nezinye izinto eziningi (ukushuba of flooring phezu zesitezi sokuqala nesesibili, kakhulu uhlobo isitebhisi, Ukunquma amazinga).

Izici izitebhisi kusukela ukhonkolo

Namuhla isitebhisi ukukhetha abanikazi eziningi izindlu lula ukuba khona eliphezulu amamojuli ngomumo sasakhiwe ngokhonkolo (grade hhayi ngaphansana B15).

Basuke wahlanganyela yokukhiqiza of abakhiqizi eqinisekisiwe, ngakho zonke izidingo GOST futhi SNIP (ukuphakama wokugibela izinyathelo, ukujula yabo futhi ububanzi, kanye engela ukuthambekela).

Ukusetshenziswa izakhiwo ezinjalo kulula kakhulu, ukwakhiwa ngokushesha futhi eshibhile kwezitebhisi ezifihlekile. RC-isitebhisi negalelo kakhulu futhi amenable ukuba ezihlukahlukene umhlobiso zokwakha kanye namasu, kanjalo basuke efakwe emakhaya nasezibhedlela ezakhiweni zomphakathi.

Izinto ezithile eziphathelene Umklamo izitebhisi

Ukuphakama wokugibela izinyathelo (GOST inikezwa) kufanele kube zonke efanayo izakhi isitebhisi. Le mfuneko, okuhloswe ukunikeza ukulinganisela womuntu, ezihambayo phakathi izibuya.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi zithi abantu bekhululeke kakhudlwana kokuqeda ukwenyuka nokwehla senyawo, lapho baqala ukuthutha up ngezitebhisi. Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo eziningi zinamagama inombolo obungavamile degrees.

Uma isayithi phakathi amamashi siqukethe Amazinga eziningana, umehluko ukuphakama ungakwazi ukukwenza kufanele kulingane isinyathelo ukuphakama.

izitebhisi Kuvunguza nezinyathelo

Uma kuhlelelwa izitebhisi Helical noma Kuvunguza Abaklami kufanele ubhekane izinyathelo zabezhnymi. Izidingo eziphathelene kwawo, bahlale kuyafana for ngqo, ukuvula noma izakhiwo kuhlanganiswe.

Nokho, ngenxa ifomu ezithile izinyathelo, imigomo eqinile kungaphansi ukujula yimpandla nobubanzi izitebhisi.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuhambisa kutakhiwo Helical akuzona ngakho kahle futhi ngokuphepha njengoba yendabuko. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, nabaqambi kungukuthi belulekwa ukwakha isitebhisi njengoba primary.

Ngokuvamile izitebhisi Kuvunguza zisetshenziselwa phakamisa elisophahleni lwendlu noma njengenhlangano imoto asizayo. Nokho, imiklamo eminingi yanamuhla ka isikulufa uhlobo abe design limnandi futhi babe main Igumbi umhlobiso. Ukuze uthuthukise induduzo izakhamuzi esizayo ububanzi nokuphakama phakathi onyathela wokugibela kufanele kube eseduze nemingcele elilungile.

izitebhisi Kuvunguza akuzona ngempela efanelekayo ukufakwa ezakhiweni zomphakathi kanye nezikhungo zemfundo. Futhi, bona kufanele zigwenywe uma indlu bayophila abantu ukuhamba elinganiselwe. Nokho, uma umnikazi kuseyimfihlakalo kakhulu ufuna ukubona emzini wakhe nje isitebhisi esinjalo, abeke zonke izindawo ezibalulekile futhi flat (lokulala, ikhishi, igumbi lokuphumula) Esitezi.