Fleet Marine. Russian Navy

Ngazo zonke izikhathi, impi yayisiphelile omunye sphere eyinhloko yomsebenzi womuntu. Yiqiniso, nemiphumela yayo bekusolo ezimbi kakhulu, kodwa ngo-imvelo yezenhlalakahle ayenakho zithandwa kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi esebenzisa impi kungenzeka ukuthola izwe, amandla, izimali, nokunye. N. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngosizo isinyathelo sezempi ukuxazulula izingxabano eziningi zomhlaba zezombusazwe. Ngakho, esempini kuyingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi nomphakathi.

Kuwo wonke umlando, umphakathi uye ethuthukisiwe amakhono ayo emkhakheni karate. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni nezimiso ezijwayelekile yokwakha amabutho, okuyinto zisasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Ngokusho komunye wabo, wonke amabutho yiliphi izwe sehlukaniswe tincenye ezintathu: kolwandle, elizweni kanye nomoya. Kulesi sihloko umbhali ongathanda ukukhuluma mayelana Navy we Russian Federation, okuyinto okwamanje unendima ebalulekile simo ezweni la amabutho.

Uyini Navy?

Namuhla e-Russia kukhona inani elikhulu amayunithi yezempi, futhi lokho zihlukile ngokwemvelo, izinjongo nemisebenzi. Ngakho, kukhona ngempela umbuzo okunengqondo: iyini Navy Marine? Enkabeni yalo iyingxenye zamabutho asolwandle kwanoma iyiphi State, kulesi simo WaseRussia. Le ngxenye sehlukaniswe izakhi ezimbili eziyinhloko: amanzi kwamanzi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inani elikhulu emasikweni nasezimfundisweni izici zalesi kumiswa kungenxa yokungabikho ukuthuthukiswa ubudlelwane zasolwandle kanye nezici lesifunda yezwe. Russian Federation kulokhu has ngempela enomlando omude wokukhonza ukuthuthukiswa zasolwandle zamabutho empi, njengoba uzobe kuchaziwe ngezansi.

Fleet of the Empire, Russian

Russian Imperial Fleet yayikhona esikhathini kusuka 1721 kuya 1917. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukwakheka waba nengxenye eziningi eziwumnqamula ulwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhumbi-Imperial has ezingeni lelisetulu uqeqesho combat kanye nokusebenza empini phezu kwamanzi.

Laba bameleli be-lokuqala kumiswa inkantolo ezakhiwa ukulwa ukusebenza kohlaka neMpi Northern. Lezisekelo eyinhloko ukuphathwa imikhumbi imperial ngalesi sikhathi babe Kronstadt, Revel, Abo kanye Helsingfors. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1745 amabutho Imperial seNkosi kolwandle lalinabashumayeli 130 imikhumbi, 36 komugqa futhi 9 frigates nezinye zezinhlobo zemikhumbi. Navy of the Empire, Russian waphila sisekelo ekhethekile.

Emlandweni we-Imperial Navy, kunabantu abaningi abadumile, ezifana Admiral Nakhimov. Lumuntu ubuqhawe esikhethekile ukwakhiwa abanekhono ukuzivikela Tactical ngesikhathi evimbezela Sevastopol e 1854-1855 '. Kuze kube manje, u-Admiral Nakhimov liwuphawu olungekho emthethweni yemikhumbi yaseRussia.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukwakheka elisetshenziswa izimpi YaseCrimea-Russian futhi Japanese. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esigabeni sokugcina ukuthuthukiswa zasolwandle Imperial Navy kwaba iqhaza lakhe kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

AbaseSoviet Navy

amabutho empi eSoviet Union, esekelwe kolwandle, yayikhona kusukela ngo-1918 kuya ku-1992. Injongo eyinhloko ye-Fleet yayiwukuvikela imingcele wezwe omelene ubudlova zangaphandle. Isakhiwo lalinabashumayeli kumiswa amayunithi ngwenya, zezindiza oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, imikhumbi surface, missile kanye wezikhali amasosha, futhi amasosha. Umyalo ekhiqizwa basendlunkulu Navy, elise edolobheni laseMoscow. Engakabi yayo, imikhumbi nengxenye kakhulu emikhulu empini - seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili.

Ekupheleni kwe-80s njengengxenye kumiswa kwaba inombolo elandelayo ubuchwepheshe: 160 ebusweni imikhumbi, 113 ngwenya, 83 nangomcibisholo, kanye lawo lalingaba zinkulungwane 12 izisebenzi Marine Corps. Isiqongo sokuthuthuka, eU.SSR Navy kwadingeka ngo-1985. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi wathatha indawo yesibili kunombolo imikhumbi, emva-United States.

Fleet umsebenzi esigabeni samanje

Navy Wanamuhla WaseRussia ingenye izakhi eyinhloko amabutho isimo. Ngakho, uwe ngqó ukuqaliswa eziningi izinhloso ezithile ngokwemvelo:

- a ekulondolozeni olunzulu noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa amabutho ahlomile olwandle;

- Ukuvikelwa real-time imingcele isimo, kanye sovereignty of Russian Federation ezindaweni we okukhethekile zone kwezomnotho kanye eshalofini yezwekazi ;

- ukuphepha ukuqaliswa imisebenzi zasolwandle kwezomnotho endaweni yemvelo olwandle;

- ukuqinisekisa kanye nokugcina okwandile Russian khona wezempi e izilwandle zomhlaba;

- iqhaza yokugcinwa nakwezempi ohambweni, uma nje behlangabezana nalezi izithakazelo Russian Federation;

Njengoba singabona, Navy Marine IRussia ngempela spectrum ezibanzi imisebenzi esemqoka okumele zenziwe yonke indawo.

Isakhiwo Navy we Russian Federation

Fleet RF zasolwandle has a isakhiwo iqinisekisa kusebenta lolu hlobo imisebenzi yezempi ngenxa yamanzi. Kodwa kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi isakhiwo se-Navy has inqwaba amayunithi, okuyinto yena, sanikwa inombolo imisebenzi likubeka ngokucacile. Fleet Marine Russia siqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:

1. Okusobala amabutho, ezifaka hlangana ukuhlahluba amayunithi asetshenziswe izindlela umsebenzi ebusweni, imikhumbi isb.

2. Phoqelela ngwenya.

3. isici sesithathu kuyinto izindiza asolwandle okuyinto yena, ihlukaniswe ezincane kwesakhiwo.

4. Amabutho imvelo elisogwini eziphathelene ibutho lasolwandle.

Ngalokho, njengombana kutjengiswe ngaphambili, ngamunye yezingxenye emelelwa lisebenza umsebenzi uqobo yenkinga ukuqinisekisa ukuphumelela Navy bebonke.

ukusetshenziswa okuhloswe surface futhi ngwenya amabutho

Njengoba ungase ucabange, amabutho eyinhloko Navy Russian kukhona surface futhi ngwenya amayunithi. Bayaqaphela yezinjongo eziyinhloko zale ngxenye yombhalo amabutho ahlomile. Kodwa kule nokwakheka Navy we Russian Federation surface futhi ngwenya amayunithi nokuqalisa inombolo yezici zayo ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, Uhlobo lokuqala zokwakheka ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa:

- ukumboza lokubikezela, kanye kokudluliswa yayo kuze kube seqophelweni kokwehla futhi baphume;

- lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela imingcele umbuso;

- ukusungulwa ezithandelayo imiz;

- ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi amayunithi kwamanzi.

Eyesibili, kubaluleke ngokufanayo amayunithi yayo esebenza kahle lemikhumbi yempi we Russian Federation kukhona kumiswa kwamanzi. Umsebenti wabo eyinhloko Ukuhlolwa ekujuleni kolwandle e sokuthula, kanye ukulimala amanzi phansi amatshe empini. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inqubo ukhiye lichaza ekwakheni amayunithi kwamanzi yilezi ngwenya yenuzi. Basuke ehlome izikhali ngokwanele sina, okungukuthi ezicitshwayo uhlobo ballistic futhi uhambe.

zezindiza asolwandle

Kubantu abaningi, ukuba khona zezindiza uhlamvu zasolwandle kuyinto isici engaziwa. Abantu abaningi ukudida le ngxenye nangengalo ahlukene isevisi, okuyinto kuyiphutha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amabutho ahlomile kuhlanganisiwe impi, lemikhumbi zezindiza ezempi. Kulesi sigaba sibika kwegama ofanayo isakhiwo Navy akuhlangene ne isici lokugcina RF Armed Forces. izindiza Marine has a spectrum imisebenzi isici obusebenzayo, isibonelo:

- ekulweni amagciwane asemanzini amabutho esitha;

- ukugcwaliseka ukuhlaselwa akhatshana isitha ogwini ezisekelwe;

- kukhombisa emoyeni.

Ngakho, the aviation asolwandle kuyinto uphiko oluyisipesheli usethe ukusebenzisa imisebenzi ngaphakathi imisebenzi Navy sika.

Izici Ezihilelekile Kule Marine Corps

Umlando we Navy bezilokhu kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa izigaba ukuthuthukiswa-Marine. Ukwakhiwa siphathelene ugu isakhiwo amabutho. Eqinisweni, lezi Amayunithi eziklanyelwe ngezenzo ukulwa ngo ubunjalo kokwehla ulwandle. Marine Corps babaziwa phakathi nokubusa, uPeter Omkhulu. Ngalezo zinsuku inani amayunithi kwaba izisebenzi angaba yizinkulungwane 20.

Kuze kube manje, lo Inkomba ngezithuba 8000 abantu, okuyinto basakazwa amaqembu amane ayinhloko. Injongo eyinhloko yawo asemanzini kuwumsebenzi lokubikezela, okungukuthi, yesikhathi esifushane kwehla ukwenza imisebenzi ethize, kanye nokuvikelwa izindawo ezisogwini kanye ebusweni izimoto wezindlela.

amaqembu Basic Navy

Maka asolwandle imikhumbi ngeke bakwazi ukubona kulo lonke izwe. Amandla kanye esebenzisa izakhi webutho lezempi basakazwa ngokuhambisana isidingo wezindlela. Uma sikubeka kalula, amaqembu ayinhloko zitholakala ezindaweni lapho Russian Federation is ngamanzi. Kulesi sisekelo, isici esibalulekile lonke Russian Navy luhlukaniswe amaqembu elandelayo ahlukene:

1. I Northern Fleet kusekelwe White Sea enkanjini emzini Severodvinsk. umsebenzi wayo lomkhulu ukuvikela izithakazelo indawo ye Russian Federation engxenyeni homonymous zomhlaba.

2. Pacific Fleet kusekelwe ngokuyinhloko empumalanga yeRussia, emadolobheni ezifana Vladivostok, iDanube, Sovetskaya Gavan.

3. Baltic iqembu etholakala eduze enhlokodolobha kwamasiko Russia, eSt Petersburg. Indawo bazirovki akuyona somlando ezingabalulekile kangako. Kulokhu sikhuluma Kronstadt.

4. iCaspian imikhumbi based Astrakhan futhi Kaspijsk.

5. Ngokuphathelene iqembu Black Sea, kusekelwe endaweni efanayo ulwandle. It esisogwini endaweni yemikhumbi ngaphambili owayengenalusizo okungewakho Ukraine Sevastopol. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iqembu has a ngokwanele kubalulekile Navy ukubaluleka wezindlela. Inhloso Its main ukuvikela izithakazelo eRussia kweBlack Sea iMedithera. Black Sea Fleet Commander namuhla - Admiral Aleksandr Viktorovich Vitko.

Isibonakaliso futhi ifulegi Navy we Russian Federation

Russian Navy kufanekisa ikhona yonke indawo eningi imibuzo izingxabano. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uphawu oyinhloko ngoxhaxha namuhla phansi ifulegi layo njengophawu. It etshekile engu- St Andrew kuboniswa. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi uhlamvu cishe nsé ifulegi yeScotland. Ifulege we Navy sekuwuphawu ngo-2001.

Russian Navy isibonakaliso Ubuye ngomqondo okhethekile ongokomfanekiso. Kuyinto ukhozi isitembu segolide, ngemuva zazo sawela amahange. Lokhu liwuphawu Navy Russian ubhekwa futhi wasebenzisa wonke lawo maqembu ezifanele amabutho ahlomile.

isiphetho

Ngakho, esihlokweni siye sazama sicabangele zonke izici nezici Navy we Russian Federation. Kuze kube manje, le ngxenye webutho lezempi ingenye eziqine kakhulu emhlabeni, okhombisa ezingeni lelisetulu Russian amandla ezempi bebonke.