Ukuphathwa tento German: imithetho nezibonelo

Ukuphathwa tento German - ngakho yikhono le ngxenye kwenkulumo befuna isingeniso yegama isiphakamiso sokuthi sincike kuyo (kungasetshenziswa njengoba ibhaxa, futhi ngaphandle kwalo). Lesi sihloko kwakuwumsebenzi ngempela ethize, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele ke kabanzi.

Affixes netinchazelo tawo

tento ukuphathwa kutholakala hhayi kuphela e-German. NgesiRashiya, kungase futhi kube waphawula. Ungabona izibonelo ezimbalwa. Wonder - lokho, kubani? Kulokhu, zebizo uku engaphansi umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi. Esinye isibonelo: Admire - lokho, egcotshwa ngubani? It Instrumental. Ekugcineni, isibonelo sokugcina uthembele - kulokho, kubani? Kulokhu upotreblon umenziwa wesenzo, futhi isabizwana. Lokhu yilokhu ukuphathwa tento. Kodwa lena enye icala. Uma sikhuluma ngalokho kubukeka sengathi ukuphathwa tento isiJalimane, singasho ukuthi isimiso uyefana.

On isibonelo isiRashiya

Ukudweba isifaniso ne olunye ulimi Russian, funda isihloko uphendulela isheshe. Kulokhu, kufanele wenze okufanayo. Nangu omunye izibonelo ezichaza kabanzi ezithathwe kakhulu: sehen jn (Akk) - ukubona othile noma into ethile (umenziwa wesenzo); helfen JM (Dat) - ukusiza umuntu (umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi). Lokhu kufana ngenxa yokuthi ukusetshenziswa tento ngolimi lwethu futhi German ngokuvamile noma ezifanayo ngokuphelele noma efanayo. Nokho, lokhu kuzo zonke izimo. Ngokwesibonelo: "Sich interessieren für Akk" (ukuhumusha: unesithakazelo kunoma yini). Ukusetshenziswa le nhlanganisela izobukeka kanje: "Ich interessiere mich für Musik" (ukuhumusha: ngiyathanda ukuzwa umculo). Isibonelo, kukhombisa kutsi nga isiRashiya ngemva izenzo ezinamandla (isb. E. "Nesithakazelo") kuyadingeka ukubeka ibizo. Kodwa eJalimane kuzoba umenziwa wesenzo futhi njalo uxolo "für" (zihunyushelwe Russian ngokuthi "elisho" noma "ukwenza").

bondzaweni

Kufanele kuqashelwe enye ehilelekile ephawula ekuphathweni tento German. Iqiniso liwukuthi ezimweni ezinjalo ngokuvamile hhayi bakubona ukubaluleka izaba ezivamile. Okungukuthi, iphathwa kancane ehlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela izinkondlo, isibonelo odlule. Abantu abatadisha isiJalimane, bazi ukuthi isabizwana "für" ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa ukubhekisela othile. Ake uthi, "Ich ukucula für Dich" - "I ukucula ngawe." Futhi kukhona izaba yasetshenziselwa njengendlela yokuhlanganisa. Kungase kubonakale counterintuitive umuntu akufundayo nje. Nokho, lena ngokucacile, okuyinto linokulawula tento German. Ukuze uthole izibonelo lokhu kubusa okulula ukuyiqonda: "ukukhuluma nganoma yini" - "sprechen Über A."; "Denken i" - "ukucabanga ngothile noma yini," njll

Izinhlobo ukulawula tento

Elinye iqiniso kubalulekile ukwazi - esikhundleni Ibizo ngezinye izikhathi ukubeka ibizo. Okuningi ngokuvamile atholakala elilodwa noma kwenye tenkhulumo, isb. E. Ukusetshenziswa elihlangene. Futhi manje udinga ukukhuluma ngalokho izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, okuyinto zihlukaniswe ukuphathwa tento German. Zibhaleni phansi elincane:

1. Tento ezidinga ukusetshenziswa nominative (isb. E. nominative).
2. Labo ukuthi kudingeka kube umenziwa wesenzo (isb. E. Esikhathini umenziwa wesenzo).
3. Tento ezidinga ukwethulwa umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi isiphakamiso (t. E. umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi).
4. Futhi, labo abafuna kokubili umenziwa wesenzo kanye umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi (ngokulandelana, futhi umenziwa wesenzo, futhi umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi).
5. Tento ezidinga ezimbili umenziwa wesenzo.
6. Labo abadinga i genitive isingeniso (t. F. Genitive).
7. Tento ne genitive kanye umenziwa wesenzo.
8. Futhi ekugcineni, nje titfo tenkhulumo kanye tandziso.

Lolu luhla kumele sikhumbule - ngakho-ke funda Ukuphathwa German tento (Ithebula okuzokwenza inikezwe ngezansi) kuyoba lula kakhulu. Kodwa kuwufanele ukwazi ukuthi akukho mthetho kanzima futhi fast elikhombisa indlela kunjalo sebuniyo siqondisa isenzo esithile.

Kuncono ukwakhiwa isiphakamiso

Wonke umuntu bekwi-Ukufunda izilimi, uyazi ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi incike ukwakhiwa ibinzana nencazelo yalo. Ngakho, ukusebenzisa omunye isenzo nge ezimweni eziningana (noma izaba), inani isiphakamiso ihlukile kakhulu. Ake sithi le nkulumo ethi "Ich habe Sie verstanden" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "Ngiyazi ukuthi nifundisa abantu." Lapha sento isetshenziswa ifomu lwesithathu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo esikhatsini lesengcile. Kodwa uma wakha umusho ngaleyo ndlela: "Ich bin mit Ihnen einverstanden", it is elihunyushwe ngokuthi "Ngiyavumelana kanye nawe." Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo amazwi ezihlobene, kodwa uma "uzame" lezi imishwana ukuze noma iyiphi ingxoxo, incazelo kungase ishintshwe kakhulu. Kodwa namanje kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlukanisa amafomu icala amabizo. okufushane Russian we-German buhluke kakhulu. Verb ezimweni eziningi kudinga ukubeka ngemuva isabizwana "Sich", futhi futhi kuyadingeka ukubeka icala ethize (noma Akkusativ, noma Dativ). Ungathatha njengoba yisibonelo sipho ukuthi kuzwakala: "Ich interessiere mich für Ihre Arbeit". Uma kwisi ku izwi Russian nezwi, uthola: "Kazi mina ngomsebenzi wakho." Eqinisweni, amaJalimane ukuqonda ke kalula: "nginesithakazelo umsebenzi wakho."

Funda futhi khumbula

Vele amazwi ngekhanda, ungakwazi kahle ukulawula tento German. Uhlu obugcwele ngempela umxhwele, kodwa ukulufunda ngempela. Kumele baqonde ukuthi ngaphandle isiphakamiso isenzo akusho ukwakha, kumele ukuthi le ngxenye kwenkulumo iyona evame kakhulu esetshenziswa, futhi kunoma yiluphi ulimi. Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi e wonke umusho ngayo. Anrufen (ucingo), anfangen (ukuqala), antworten (impendulo), arbeiten (emsebenzini), nokunye okuningi - wonke la mazwi sisebenzisa enkulumweni yansuku zonke nsuku zonke, njalo ngehora. Futhi uma ufuna ukufunda ulimi German e ngokwezinga layo ngokugcwele, khona-ke ingqikithi ezifana nokuphathwa tento isiJalimane, udinga ukuthatha isikhathi. Kodwa kunzima hhayi kakhulu, ngoba izaba hhayi okungaka, kanye amacala, ngqó. Futhi ngokwazi izinto eziyisisekelo olimini German (futhi, ngokulandelana, kokuba iqoqo ethize silulumagama, tento), kungenzeka ukuba kahle isihloko lula futhi ngokushesha. Into esemqoka - isifiso sokuba nolwazi.