Ukuqeqeshwa ukushayela kokuqala

Injongo isihloko 1 "ukuqeqeshwa kokuqala" (8 amahora.) - ukufundisa abafundi ukuthuthukisa nge zokulawula, ukushayela imoto nge amagiya ezahlukene, wajika ebukhulwini osungulwe futhi ayeke imoto endaweni ecacisiwe.

Ukuqeqeshwa iqhutshwa ntambama, kwi emjahweni. Akunconyelwe kwaqhutshwa amakilasi okuqala yayiqhutshwa imigwaqo. EBukhoneni kubo izimoto kanye nabahamba ngezinyawo okubangela ukungezwani ngokweqile nabafundi ungakuvumeli ukuba ekugxiliseni kubo amakhono kwesokudla ukusebenza izilawuli. Zonke amakilasi of imfundo yamabanga aphansi kufanele kwenziwe endaweni ekhululekile kakhulu.

Lapho kokuqala abafundi ukuqeqeshwa ukushayela bafunde ukusebenza izilawuli ngilwazi izindlela wemoto ukulawula ezihlukahlukene, isb. E. Ukuze usebenze off ukushayela imiklamo. Lena ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yobufakazi ukushayela amakhono. Nokho, liphinde isisekelo kamuva ukufunda ukushayela imoto ezimweni ezinzima edolobheni, lapho ekhiqizwa amacebo ushayela.

Injongo imfundo yamabanga aphansi - ukufundisa abafundi ngokuyinhloko ukusebenza efanele amasu ukushayela. Kulokhu, abafundi kuyodingeka kanye nemakhono latsite, nakuba namanje enganele. amakhono Solid ubuciko ukushayela bayokuzila, njengoba umthetho, ekupheleni kwesifundo, ngenxa intuthuko eqhubekayo futhi kokuwalungisa nhlobo amaseshini okwalandela on nezinye izihloko zokutadisha.

Okunzima kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile okuqhubekayo kuyinto ukusebenza eselishova nokulawula bamba mpintsha futhi isigwedlo igiya. Lapho efundisa kulo msebenzi Kunconywa ukusebenzisa okuthiwa "imithetho emithathu" ukuthi abafundi kufanele bakhumbule ngokuqinile: owokuqala - ayikwazi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthi ucindezele isinyathelo bamba kanye isinyathelo mpintsha: uma ucindezela bamba isinyathelo ingcindezi izitobhi mpintsha isinyathelo, uma wena uyekele isinyathelo bamba ngesikhathi ukusheshisa Kwenziwa ngokucindezela isinyathelo mpintsha; yesibili - gearshift isigwedlo ibhokisi Kwenziwa kuphela lapho isinyathelo bamba ngokugcwele ezikhishwe isinyathelo the mpintsha; eyesithathu - the isinyathelo bamba ekhululwa khona futhi isinyathelo mpintsha uhlale bushelelezi.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono abafundi 'in the umsebenzi ezifanele isinyathelo bamba kanye mpintsha futhi igiya isigwedlo - okuqukethwe main yokuqeqeshwa kokuqala. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi gear buthule ekushintsheni - uphawu amakhono lokushayela.

ukuqeqeshwa kokuqala, njenganoma iyiphi enye, wenziwa kusuka kulokulula kufika kulokulukhuni. ukunyakaza zavela omunye imibukiso akwamukeleki. Abafundi kumele njalo ukuthola, imisebenzi emisha eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho, ukushayela off nesihlalo imoto Kwenziwa kuqala nge eqinile emhlabathini flat, khona-ke uma imoto esihlabathini noma iqhwa, bese ukushayela off, lapho amasondo imoto kukhona kudoti. Ukuqeqeshwa igiya ushintsho Kwenziwa kuqala nge Akukho mngcele ke Umkhawulo layo ngejubane eliphezulu, nokunye. D.

Ekupheleni kwesimiso phezu master unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa zidinga abafundi ukusebenza kahle nge izilawuli imoto.

I ukukunikeza indlela esiwusizo ukuqeqeshwa kwengqikithi ethi "imfundo Elementary" ekusebenziseni 3 "Ukushayela ne gearshift e zehla zenyuka ukuze" (4 amahora.).

Ukusebenzisa siqukethe imisebenzi emibili:

1. Ngokulandelana igiya ashintsha kusuka ngowokuqala phezulu kuze kuqala.
2. Braking yenjini imoto futhi inkonzo ukubopha, eziphuthumayo stop imoto.

Main isikhathi cwaningo isabelo ngokusebenzisana umsebenzi kuqala.

Ukuqeqeshwa iqala ukubonisa ye-master igiya ubuchwepheshe in wehla oda. Esikhathini izincazelo elikulesi sihloko ukukhombisa master udonsa amehlo abafundi yokuthi ukubaluleka igesi Lesisemkhatsini kumelwe nakanjani babe sokuboshwa ijubane imoto nokuthi Kuyadingeka ukuba sifeze "imithetho emithathu" oshiwo ngenhla .Obuchenie gearshift isigwedlo kusuka kwezinkulu kwehle kuqala ngejubane aphansi wemoto elinikeziwe yokudlulisela. Lwathi luphela lesi sikhathi, kanye nokuhlolwa alandelayo ekilasini kanye nabafundi shift kusuka kwezinkulu kwehle kuyadingeka ukuze izinkinga ngokwandisa isivinini sokuqala imoto. Ngakho uma okokuqala ababhalisile kwenziwa ukushintsha kusuka isivinini okwesine ijubane lwesithathu kokuqala 20 - 25 km / h, e isidingo okwalandela ukudinga ukushintsha ngesilinganiso 30 - 35 km / h noma ngaphezulu.

Lapho ukufunda imoto injini unyathela amabhuleki master lokuqala likhombisa reception, bese aqeqeshe e abulawe yayo nge ziyanda. Kulokhu, sebenzisa amabhuleki kubafundi akuvunyelwe.

Eziphuthumayo imoto stop futhi bachitha phakathi nesimiso. Master ubonisa indlela stop oluphuthumayo eyalo ebukhali ngokucindezela isinyathelo ukubopha bese (ngaphambi stop) kokucima yokudlulisela. Kunconywa ukwenza le nqubo ukuze isebenze ethola kwasekuqaleni, nge injini inoperative. Khona umninindlu kunyakaza ngokwakhe unika izwi ukumisa imoto le ndlela, kodwa kudinga ukuba afeze ngokunensa. Njengoba izimayini reception deceleration izinga ukwanda, umyalo stop kuthatha master kungalindelekile ababhalisile.

Phakathi abafundi ekilasini kufanele sinake ukusebenza ne isinyathelo ukubopha. unyathela amabhuleki ezesabisa nakanjani abangele ukuminyana inzima izindlela futhi bafake yanda futhi kuvunyelwe kuphela i stop eziphuthumayo yemoto. On izimoto nge amabhuleki wokubacindezela akunconywa ngokucijile ukukhulula isinyathelo ukubopha emva ngokucindezela, njengoba lokhu kuyingozi imininingwane main ukubopha isilinda.

Ukuzivocavoca kuhle ukufaka isilawuli umsebenzi elandelayo: ezihambayo off, ukushesha gearshift ezilandelanayo emgqeni, unyathela amabhuleki gearshift ezilandelanayo kusuka kwezinkulu kwehle ngo imoto yokuqala stop service ukubopha.

Abafundi ukuthola "lemihle kakhulu" ebukhoneni phutha ezingaphezu kweyodwa, "okuhle" - abangeqile kwabathathu, "eyanelisayo" - akukho engaphezu kwemihlanu. Amaphutha ezibhekwa okufanayo, njengoba kushiwo izivivinyo odlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kubhekwe nephutha uma sithola ukuthi ukwedlulela kuleso ukudluliselwa Lesisemkhatsini igesi ubuningi ephansi akulona sokuboshwa ukuthi lingakanani ijubane lokuya.

Lo msebenzi Ucedzela ngokuyisisekelo nisuke endaweni ukuqeqeshwa gearshift isigwedlo. Esikhathini ukuqeqeshwa alandelayo inqubo enza lezi amasu abafundi ezothuthukisa ukusebenza kwabo kanye ijubane kuyokhula. Kodwa inkinga eyinhloko isivele kuyoba nezinye, ebudisi, ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe ngeke kakade esekelwe nemakhono labawatfolile abafundi kulezi umzimba kuqala. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu kulesi sigaba ukuqeqeshwa ukufeza lesifanele wonke amaphutha aye enziwa abafundi lapho nisuke futhi ngesikhathi izinguquko igiya.

Kwaba namaphutha amaningi kungabonwa ngesikhathi esisodwa (isibonelo, umfundi abheke Izilawuli, ugcina izinyawo zakhe phezu isinyathelo bamba, i-isinyathelo ukubopha ngazo unyawo lwesobunxele, njll ...), Futhi ukuwalungisa umane - njalo ubheke abaqeqeshwayo yabo. Kodwa kukhona amaphutha more xaka ezidinga ukuhlaziywa, ukuthola izimbangela futhi ngokuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe ukuwalungisa.

I GM kufanele ugxile amaphutha ezintathu: Jerk eqinile lapho imoto ihamba off, ephumula injini ngokusebenzisa iphutha umfundi nokugedla amagiya uma ukuguquguquka amagiya. Master wachaza ukuthi imbangela iphutha sokuqala avame ukushayela off at imvamisa eliphezulu ukujikeleza we crankshaft futhi ukufakwa abukhali kokubonisa. I nezitebele zamahhashi injini lapho sesiphambukela, inqobo nje uma esebenza endaweni ongaphakeme isivinini injini, lo isinyathelo bamba ikhishwe ngokuzumayo, ngaphandle isigwedlo ikhishwe kwabhoboka yokupaka noma anikwe amandla igiya eliphakeme. Hhayi injini efudumele, amagquma uqale, emhlabathini esindayo, ezihambayo off-laden imoto - konke lokhu kudinga imvamisa ephakeme ka ukujikeleza crankshaft, noma injini kungase Itafula.

amagiya Rattle lapho ukuguquguquka kwenzeka ngesikhathi akuphelele uvala isinyathelo bamba, a kancane, imisiwe ukushintsha igiya isigwedlo uma ushintshela ngaphandle cutoffs double bamba isinyathelo, uma Lesisemkhatsini "Ukhona" yenani akulona sokuboshwa ukuthi lingakanani ijubane lokuya.

Inkosi ubophekile ukuthola izimbangela amaphutha, ukuze ukhombise kubo oqeqeshwayo futhi ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe ukuze banake ukuqedwa kwabo.