Ukusabalala zokudlala: GOST, Uhlolojikelele, izinhlobo, amanani

Ukusabalala zokudlala - umbuzo isidina, kubonakala, kungaba nesithakazelo izikhulu noma abazali kuphela kakhulu obakhathalelayo ukuphepha kwezingane zabo. Eqinisweni, le nkinga kubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngokoqobo lanamuhla nokhahlo lapho abazali ngokwabo ngokuvamile kufanele ngenela udaba sokulungisa umdlalo noma endaweni ezemidlalo-ukuhlakulela ngesizukulwana sabo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi usibekela zokudlala, yiziphi emihle nemibi uhlobo oluthile.

Okuxakayo ukuthi isimo ulawula futhi ilawula inkinga. Umumo ezindinganisweni athuthukiswe futhi kuvunyiwe - lena iphuzu eliyisisekelo ngenxa sokuhlanganiswa kwazo kuya wasebenza ochwepheshe sephrofayela, owayengifundela izifundo akhethekile izibalo sendlela zokuvikela izingane zethu ngesikhathi sokudlala asebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabi nayo ubambisene kwezinkambiso bureaucratic nezimfuneko zibheke Ukudilizwa site, uma efakwe endaweni kamasipala ngaphandle ngokuvumelana nemithetho, futhi lokhu kukodwa kuyisizathu umsebenzi ebizayo futhi singathandeki.

Ukubaluleka inkinga isobala

Odokotela bengqondo nabafundisi kudala wafakazela ukuthi ingane eba ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuvumelana uma kokungavinjelwe. Lokhu ehilelekile kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nezwe yolwazi. Ngeshwa, umphakathi wanamuhla ubachaza okuthiwa isilinganiso ezimbalwa abazali ababonisa ngayo uthando, ekuboniseni uthando lwabo ukuze izingane ngokusebenzisa izipho ehlukene kanye okukhona. Izingane efanayo, ngaphandle ukunakekelwa kwabazali kanye ukuxhumana okuqondile wonke kanye nomama nobaba, udinga ukudala izimo zokuvivinya umzimba kanye nesakhiwonchanti setenhlalo.

Indawo efaneleke kakhulu ukuzuzwa sokuqala, yebo, ebaleni lokudlala yezingane. Kuningi ungakwazi frolic futhi avivinye amakhono abo okukhulumisana. Nokho, abazali bavame watch ngakho ngokucophelela phezu ukuphepha ingane yakhe ukuthi enqabela hhayi kuye kuphela, ukukhuphuka ngokukhethekile ahlomele kule ndawo, kodwa ngisho nje ukuhambisa ngokukhululekile. Lokhu overprotection akuyona njalo walungisiswa - endaweni ukuzijabulisa zezingane, eklanyelwe futhi abahlomele shustriki ukubuyisa kakhulu. Ukufakwa kanye nokubeka we imishini (kanye nemidlalo, futhi umdlalo) - lokhu izinqubo zilawulwa futhi waqashwa iziphathimandla zomphakathi, siholwa iziqondiso sivunyiwe. Bona alawule, phakathi kwezinye izinto, hhayi kuphela izinga konke izingane twist, twirl, lapho bakhwele sigibele, kodwa futhi ukumboza zokudlala zezingane.

Abalahle ngaphansi kwewindi

Kulesi sihloko, sicabangela ezinengilazi ethandwa kakhulu, ezisetshenziswa zokudlala zezingane. Phakathi kwabo kuyoba njengomfula ngifuna ajwayelekile kakhulu futhi ikufakazele eminyakeni wokusebenza, futhi zakamuva zesimanje.

Kuze emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule kuzo zonke izinkantolo ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union ukwakha enamathela cushioning ungqimba usebenzisa isihlabathi zokudlala.

Kunzima ukuthola umuntu wayengeke walethwa ekhaya amaminerali okuxekethile akuwona kuphela emaphaketheni nezicathulo, kodwa futhi ezindaweni esekusithekeni ngaphezulu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokumelene isihlabathi yayimane nje nomama kwakufanele ageze izandla rebyatnyu kanye efulethini yalezi amagquma.

Yiziphi emihle nemibi isihlabathi like impahla esetshenziswa njengoba enamathela ngoba zokudlala zezingane? Inani - lena inzuzo yayo esemqoka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlabathi kancane kakhulu, isikhathi eside futhi impahla ezingabizi, ke ubhekana injongo yayo eyinhloko - ubamba umthelela force ukuwa ngesikhathi, lokho kukunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukudleka amathuba yokulimala nemihuzuko. Futhi manje nebubi:

• eliqhutshwa kalula aphume endaweni ukudlala;
• okuxekethile, kukhona kungenzeka ukuxhumana amehlo nezinye "okungalungile" le ndawo;
• esihlabathini ufihle kahle ingilazi ephukile, amatshe, doti nezinye "izipho";
• emva kwemvula esihlabathini ubamba pretty masinyane emanzini ngokwabo, kodwa inqubo namanje abanaso tekusebenta futhi amathuba okuthi esikhathini slushy, izingane kufanele adlale odakeni - eliphezulu kakhulu.

Utshani oluhlaza?

Standard futhi uvumela ukumboza zokudlala eyenziwe zasemazweni zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa. Lokhu kungaba utshani, kutshalwe futhi inakekelwa ngendlela yendabuko, kodwa ungasebenzisa utshani esekhulile kuyo ezikhethekile, njengalezo ayelula emasimini football nezinye izinkundla zezemidlalo.

buhle:

• engokwemvelo kanye nobungane kwemvelo;
• ezinhle ukushaqeka ukumuncwa;
• ukubukeka ekhangayo.

nebubi:

• Utshani idinga ukunakekelwa njalo ngokucophelela (ayakhala, ugunda, amahlamvu zishanela futhi doti podsevanie ezigugile noma ezindaweni wokushiswa);
• Izindleko eziphezulu;
• utshani - enamathela ithenda kakhulu, utshani ezingokwemvelo kumelwe kuhlangene nezinye izinto, okuzokwenza libekwe ezindaweni ukufakwa senhliziyo, amaslayidi futhi imishini ezemidlalo.

Okuningi eqinile futhi kunengqondo ukuba Turf yokufakelwa. Ukuphakama, ukuminyana nombala inqwaba kungenziwa yayala ngokubona kwayo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo utshani, lapho ingacamelisa substrate ekhethekile esihlabathini noma esihle imvuthuluka iraba ukuthi kubalulekile ukucabangela, ngoba kwandisa izindleko amasevisi. Lawns of zokudlala ngokwesilinganiso izobiza 20-30 euro per imitha square of izinto zokusetshenziswa, ngaphezu udinga ukwengeza izindleko nokupakisha, anamathelayo ekhethekile nezinye izinsimbi.

"Elementary" Floor

Kule ngxenye, asikhulumi ngezinto ezilula, futhi kwi zenyathi ahlukene of flooring, ezifana Tile oTharithani. Lokhu zobuchwepheshe, eyizingqabavu futhi iqine iraba enamathela ngoba zokudlala zezingane. le nto kuyinto amanani ahlukene kakhulu (ruble 950 per square imitha). Siqukethe resin polyurethane ne ukwengeza imvuthuluka enjoloba ingxube ingase ifakwe nezinye izithasiselo, okuzokwenza yakha izindleko enamathela.

Tiles ziyahlukahluka ijamo, ukujiya kanye umbala. Ngokuvamile lesi sakhi izindleko abalulekile: ikhilogremu elilodwa nje udayi ingaphezu $ 100, futhi uma ikhasimende ufuna flooring for ingane yakho egqamile futhi ezimibalabala, kuyodingeka ibhaxa phandle.

ngokoqobo yesimanje

Muva nje, athandwa kakhulu iyona okuthiwa iraba enamathela. Lokhu kungaba:

• Semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla - iraba imvuthuluka kusukela ingxenyenamba esihle, kuba impela ebizayo (ruble 1600 per imitha square), kodwa ikhasimende ithola sekugcineni okuhlala izothatha iminyaka eminingi, ukugcinwa khulula futhi ngempela kusiza ukuvikela izingane.
• Roll flooring - ke sesibili impahla eqolo laying isisekelo play izindawo zezingane. isikhathi sokuphila kwalo okuyisilinganiso seminyaka engu-7, intengo kuncike ukujiya kanye nenani izingqimba kule enamathela. Kungenzeka ezimbili noma ezintathu-egqinsiwe, kanye "sandwich" iyona ukushuba 2 mm kuya ku 5 cm.
• Futhi inketho wokugcina iyona yamathebhu iraba enamathela ngoba zokudlala zezingane. kuba amanani abalulekile kakhulu (kusuka 1600 kuya ruble 2500 per imitha square). Ungagcina ngokusebenzisa inombolo encane imibala, ngaphezu, uqweqwe flooring kufaneleka ukwenza enkundleni yemidlalo, kule izingane efanayo ngokuvamile sisebenzise ezicashile, kodwa futhi uhlelo lokuhlolwa kwempahla lwahlolwa ukuze ukwehla ngokucophelela.

Hlola imibhalo

Uhla oluphelele lolwazi izenzo zomthetho normative wabeka imithetho ethile, yini okufanele ibe indawo yokuzilibazisa izingane, siqukethe cishe eziyishumi amaphuzu. Nokho, kukhona ezimbili eziyinhloko, baveza ngqo okufunwa oluchaza ukuthi kufanele kunakwe lapho isembozo ibekwe zokudlala. GOST P 52169-2012 iqukethe uhlu izinto, ukushuba yabo futhi ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana akwamukeleki pads we endaweni. Ngaphezu isihlabathi kungaba amatshe noma amagxolo chips. Okunye izivakashi - P EH 1177 waboleka e-EU futhi ulawula izinga umgwengwezi iraba phezu zokudlala kanye izinkundla zezemidlalo.