Ukuthembeka nobuqiniso isivivinyo - Iyini?

* Ukuthembeka nobuqiniso isivivinyo - lawa izici ucwaningo olufanele nenqubo esisemthethweni ngokuchaza ikhwalithi ukulungela ukusebenza practice.

Uyini ukuthembeka

Ngesikhathi sesivivinyo, isivivinyo ucubungula ukuthembeka ukuqinisela ngemiphumela lapho kabusha ihlolwe. idatha ukungafani kumelwe ingabi noma azinakwa. Kungenjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ubheke imiphumela yokuhlola ngokuzethemba.

Ukuthembeka test - isilinganiso okhombisa ukunemba izilinganiso. Essential kukhona izakhiwo ezilandelayo ekuhlolweni:

• the reproducibility imiphumela etholwe ekupheleni kwesifundo;
• degree of ukunemba izindlela zokulinganisa noma amadivayisi esihambelanayo;
• ukuzinza Imiphumela phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi.

Izingxenye ezilandelayo main ungabahlukanisa e nokuchazwa nokwethenjelwa:

• nokwethenjelwa wezinsimbi zomculo wokulinganisa (okungukuthi ekukwati kufundza nekubhala yokuhlola umsebenzi kanye nomgomo), okungase balinganisela kubalwa Coefficient abafanele;
• ukuzinza esihlobene ngaphansi cwaningo isikhathi eside, kanye nokubikezela futhi olubushelelezi of oscillation yayo;
• umphumela Injongo (ie, sesithola uzibuse kusukela izintandokazi siqu umcwaningi).

izici nokwethenjelwa

I degree of ukuthembeka kungathinta eziningi izici ezilimazayo, abaluleke kakhulu zazo yilezi ezilandelayo:

• amasu abangaphelele (isitatimende esingelona iqiniso noma eyiphutha, indlela amagama abekwe ngayo ezingacacile imisebenzi);
• Ukungazinzi yesikhashana noma ukuguquguquka njalo Inkomba value okuyinto sibhekana uphenyo;
• imvelo lokungafani lapho izifundo kokuqala okuphindayo;
• ekushintsheni umphenyi ukuziphatha kanye nokuntengantenga yesimo yokuhlola;
• indlela subjective uma silinganisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Izindlela nokuhlola test nokwethenjelwa

Izindlela ezilandelayo ingasetshenziswa uma izama test nokwethenjelwa.

kabusha indlela yokuhlola ingenye ezivame kakhulu. It ikuvumela ukusetha degree of ukuhlanganisa emkhatsini imiphumela yocwaningo, kanye nesikhathi lapho bavalelwa. Le nqubo ilula futhi ngempumelelo. Noma kunjalo, izifundo bavame ukuphinda izifundo ukuze ngalesi siyingi kubangele ubuhlungu futhi esibi ukusabela.

Indlela sokuhlola ukuvumelana yangaphakathi akusho acabangele ukungaguquguquki etholwe retesting imiphumela. It usungula ubuhlobo izimpendulo ukuthi kwanikezwa ukuhlola olulodwa. imibuzo Test zihlukaniswe izinhlu ezimbili (ku isimiso esithile), bese kubalwa Coefficient ukuhlanganisa phakathi imiphumela.

Indlela amafomu okulingana ukusebenzisa ukwakhiwa ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezahlukene ukuhlola imisebenzi, kodwa okufanayo essence, ukuma degree obulukhuni ukuqaliswa. Sokuhlola nokwethenjelwa abonisa ezifanayo noma esondele imiphumela eyatholakala besebenzisa okufanayo sokulinganisa ithuluzi noma amafomula yezamakhompyutha. Uma imiphumela buhluke kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi base uhlanekezelwe ngamabomu noma isihloko akuyona ngendlela efanele kakhulu wasondela inqubo yokuvota.

Uyini ubuqiniso

Ukuhlola ngokuqinisekisa test - ukuhlolwa ukuthi inquma ukunemba ukulinganisa. Singasho ukuthi ukutholakala ithuluzi ngokuzeleko ekuhloleni izici ezithile ngokwengqondo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwemukeleka, kwenetisa test - a zindlela aphelele, zingabantu ngamunye ehlukile.

Ukuhlola ngokuqinisekisa ingabonwa ngokombono izici theory kanye nama-kokwenzekayo. Esimweni sokuqala sikhuluma indlela yokuhlaziya noma ekulinganiseni amathuluzi. Njengoba ukuqonda ukuba semthethweni yesibili, khona-ke kuziwa injongo kocwaningo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le test kungenzeka kakhulu ziyahlukahluka uvivinyo olufanayo, kuncike ukuhlolwa ububanzi. Amaphuzu aphezulu lingashintsha azungeze 80%.

test kwengqondo kungenzeka ukuba semthethweni kulinganiselwa ngokuhambisana izinkomba qualitative noma ambalwa. Esimweni sokuqala sikhuluma enifeza izibalo ezithile. ukuhlolwa qualitative wenziwa descriptively, esekelwe okucatshangwayo.

Izinhlobo test ubuqiniso

Hlukanisa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo eyinhloko ubuqiniso isivivinyo:

• semthethweni kwesakhiwo test - yindlela yokuhlola esetshenziswa uma silinganisa test kokuba isakhiwo phezulu (elisetshenziswa ekutadisheni eziyinkimbinkimbi imihlola ngokwengqondo);
• ubuqiniso umbandela kuhilela Ukuqhathanisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kanye ezingeni yentuthuko kule ndaba onezimfanelo ngokwengqondo;
• inquma ukuba yiqiniso kwalesi ezifanayo okuqukethwe amasu wafunda mkhuba, futhi uhla nemingcele ukuthi ihlanganisa;
• ubuqiniso wokuqagela - a inkomba izinga, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuhlola eside ukuthuthukiswa inketho.

Izinhlobo ubuqiniso nenqubo

Ukuhlola ngokuqinisekisa test - lokhu ingenye izinkomba, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba bahlole nokwanela kanye nokufaneleka izindlela lapho kutadishwa into ethile. zindlela ezine eziyinhloko bungabonakala okungase kuthinte ke:

• umbandela umculi (kuba amakhono kanye nesipiliyoni of the Umseshi);
• zindlela subjective (isilinganiso isivivinyo esenzakalweni esiyisimangaliso esenzeka ethile kubonakala ku umphumela wokugcina we test);
• zindlela bokuphila (ezempilo, ukukhathala, kanye nezinye izici, okungase abe elikhulu umphumela wokugcina we test);
• umbandela izingozi (kwenzeka esinquma Amathuba nesenzakalo isenzakalo esithile).

Umbandela sokusebenza ungumthombo esizimele idatha mayelana into ethile (impahla ngokwengqondo), ogama ucwaningo olwenziwa sokuhlola. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, kuze kube yilapho ihlolwe imiphumela labo lokuhlangabezana nenqubo ayikwazi ngimangalelwe ngenxa ubuqiniso.

Izidingo Eziyisisekelo for nenqubo

nenqubo yangaphandle ezithinta yiqiniso kwalesi inkomba yokuhlola kumele ihlangabezane nalezi zimfuneko ezilandelayo eziyisisekelo:

• afanayo ncamashi endaweni lapho Isifundo siqhutshwa, ukuhlobana kanye uxhumano semantic nge imodeli zokuxilonga;
• ukungabi khona noma yimuphi umsindo noma ngokuzumayo unokungaxhumani e isampuli (iphuzu lapha liwukuthi bonke ababambiqhaza ekuhlolweni kumele athobele imingcele pre-set, futhi ukuba ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo);
• ipharamitha uphenyo kumele kube okunokwethenjelwa, njalo hhayi obala ishintsha ngokungalindelekile.

Izindlela wokusungula ubuqiniso

Ihlola yiqiniso kwalesi ukuhlolwa kungaba kwenziwe ngezindlela eziningana.

Ukuhlolwa semthethweni okusobala isivivinyo kuhilela kokuhlola ukuhambisana ukusetshenziswa wawo ahlose ukuba usetshenziswe.

Ukuhlola sokusebenza okuqukethwe - lena indlela yokuhlola khona zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo ukuze Ucwaningo olunzulu into ethile noma isici.

Kuhlola ukwakha ubuqiniso Kwenziwa esimweni lapho isibalo ukuhlola okwenziwa inqola i ukufunda Inkomba ethize eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kuhlanganisa:

• ukuqinisekiswa yafinyelela ka - kuhlolwa ukuhlanganisa izilinganiso etholwe usebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene kulokulukhuni
• ukuqinisekiswa etshiyeneyo zazo ukuthi indlela akazange awasho ukuhlolwa izinto nezingahlobene nendaba angahambisani cwaningo main.

Ukuhlolwa ubuqiniso wokuqagela kuhilela ukuthola ukuthi kungenzeka ekubikezeleni eside iyehla iyenyuka index wafunda.

okutholakele

Ukuhlola ngokuqinisekisa nokwethembeka ukuhlolwa - ayizikhombisi aphelele ezinikeza nokuhlolwa kunazo olunzulu ukuba semthethweni futhi ukubaluleka kwemiphumela yocwaningo. Ngokuvamile, bazimisele kanyekanye.

Ukuthembeka kubonisa kanjani imiphumela yokuhlolwa esingamethemba. Lokhu kubhekisela nokuvumelana kwabo tibe nekuphindzeka test efanayo ne abahlanganyeli efanayo ngamunye. Izinga eliphansi nokwethenjelwa angakhuluma engeyona okwenziwe ngenhloso noma indlela kokunganaki.

Umcabango ubuqiniso isivivinyo ngenxa isici qualitative ukuhlola. Kuyinto umbuzo ukuthi zinjalo yini ezikhethiwe ithuluzi elikahle kakhulu kwanoma yiliphi isu ngokwengqondo. Kukhona ingasetshenziswa njengoba izinkomba qualitative (value theory) kanye ambalwa (ukubala we okuza efanele).