Ukuthuthukiswa into - yini lokhu? Project ukuhlela komugqa into

Ukwahlukanisa emisebenzini yokwakha eqhubekayo e inqwaba nenqubo kanye kumba eqolo. Kulesi ezihlukahlukene Izakhiwo zokuhlala nendawo zomphakathi kanye nezakhiwo kude emkhakheni wezokwakha umuntu akulula ukuqonda. Cabanga ukuthi ziyini iqembu elikhulu izakhiwo komugqa.

Kuyini lokhu?

Ngamagama alula, into eqondile - kuyinto iyiphi into kabani usayizi ubude kuyoba kakhulu mkhulu kunezinhliziyo ububanzi. Leli qembu lezinto yokwakha inhloko-dolobha izobandakanya ezihlukahlukene inethiwekhi ubunjiniyela, amapayipi kawoyela, imigwaqo (njengoba imigwaqo nojantshi), kanye amabhuloho, imigudu, ongaphansi komhlaba, ikhebula emotweni , njll Indawo eqondile into polyline kwakhiwa - .. Okungukuthi, ijika eziphukile, okungase kuhlanganise Phambanisa ngokwako.

Ngo design jikelele izimiso lezinto ezinjalo musa ihluke kakhulu kusukela kudalwa ezinye amaphrojekthi wokwakha, kodwa abe nenani ubuqili ukuqoqwa imininingo eyotholakala bese ukuthuthukiswa design imibhalo kanye nokudidiyela yayo nge ejensi ahlukahlukene kahulumeni.

Izici

izinto ezinjalo ngezinga ngokuvamile ezahlukene, esehlanganise amabanga ezinkulu, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho izifunda eziningana kuleli zwe. Futhi uma kuziwa ezifana emisebenzini yokwakha emikhulu, khona-ke basonta umugqa akuyona ungaqiniseki. Kodwa lapha ezingeni ezincane, amaphepha endawo ezingase ziphakame izingxabano.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngisho ukuvuselelwa ingxenye yomgwaqo nge ukufakwa sebhasi kungaba optionally ubalwe agumenti ukusebenza kwi iyunithi into eqondile. Kanye nezindawo ezincane amanzi kungenziwa ikhishwe njengoba kufinyeta bokuxhumana izakhiwo zokuhlala noma umphakathi. Ngamanye amazwi, ngesinye isikhathi kunzima ukwenza kube nomehluko ocacile phakathi komugqa futhi izinto bhalobasar onek. Ngezinye izikhathi basuke kuhlanganiswe. Ngokwesibonelo, iphayiphi ngokwalo kuyoba isakhiwo lwento, kodwa ukhonza ke substation - inhlamba.

Uma ungaqiniseki, kangcono uthintane inhlangano kamuva ukuhlola into. Njengomthetho, abazi senqabe ukuphendula imibuzo futhi ukunikeza izincazelo, futhi kusindisa isikhathi nevolumu ukushintshwa imibhalo design.

ngezigaba

Ukuthuthukiswa into uyohlale isakhiwo, hhayi isakhiwo. Njengoba iklanyelwe i-izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene izinqubo zezimboni, ukunyakaza kokubili abantu nezimpahla inconstant okwatholakala abantu, kanye kulondolozwe umkhiqizo; It inomthelela, futhi izakhi ngezinye izikhathi befaka e isakhiwo.

Ngokuphathelene phansi umugqa into kungaba phansi, komhlaba nangaphezulu-emhlabathini. Ngu injongo kungenziwa etholakala ezokuthutha nezokuxhumana uhlelo ichibi (emvula nendle), iziteshi amanzi, izinhlelo zenkasa, zokuxhumana imigqa, amapayipi kawoyela, igesi, amanzi.

Imithethonqubo komugqa sici - sekuyinto umqondo ovulekile, okungukuthi, eziningi amasayithi abalulwe, kodwa ikamelo ngakwesokunxele ukwengeza ezinye izindawo ngokuzikhethela Onjiniyela nabaqambi ezimweni ezithile.

nezindaba impahla

ukubhaliswa ngokomthetho into eqondile uhlala impikiswano futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokulandela umthetho - kokubili ezweni nokuhlela ezisemadolobheni. Eziningana izinto ezifana kudinga ingxenye egcwele ubunikazi ngaphansi kwazo (isibonelo, imigwaqo, abanye amapayipi nge umfutho ophakeme, nokunye. D.), Abanye musa ngakususi ukusetshenziswa le sayithi ukusetshenziselwa injongo ethile. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, izintambo komhlaba ukuze kube kuhle ngaphansi ngokuphathelene namalungelo okusebenzisa umhlaba kothile. Kulokhu, umnikazi impahla angase abe ezinye yokuntula usebenzisa noma ubuso imikhawulo.

Uma izwe komugqa kuhlelwe into edingekayo, ezizimele, leli cebo okuthiwa isethwe easement zomphakathi (ilungelo lokusebenzisa ngabanikazi bomhlaba yomunye kohlaka okunomkhawulo). Uma easement kuholela ukungakwazi ephelele ukusebenzisa yangasese, umnikazi walo unelungelo ukuba zitshele isinxephezelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bababukela ingatholakala noma ngokusebenzisa neziphathimandla zendawo, futhi egameni inhlangano noma umuntu ogama sithandwe easement senziwa.

Ukuvikelwa esishintshashintshayo

Line leti UMUGQA isb indawo lapho ingxenye noma ngokuphelele kungavunyelwe ukwakhiwa kwezinye izakhiwo, kunezinye ukulinganiselwa. Njengengxenye UMUGQA akuvumelekile:

• enze noma yimuphi umsebenzi angahambisani ukulungisa, ukugcinwa noma ukwakha kabusha kwanoma into;
• imisebenzi yezolimo, noma ukwephula ubuqotho izikhala green;
• ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kanjalo nezinhlaka ezingenziwanga eyenzelwe nokunakekelwa sikhungo;
• ukusungula i lingahambisani abanikazi uphikisana izakhiwo ukukhangisa, ulwazi panel, njll

izinkinga ezweni Sebenzisa

Ngaphandle ilungelo indlela kungenziwa esisungulwe nemibandela umhlaba elinganiselwe. Ngamanye amazwi, akukho ingxenye into ingekho, endaweni zingasetshenziswa yinoma umninikhaya eya endaweni, kodwa ezinye imikhawulo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma into line elalizokwakhiwa e-zone of kwenhlabathi kungenzeka ke ukuvimbela kubo akuvunyelwe ukugamula isihlahla ipulazi endaweni eside nxazonke. Futhi akuvumelekile ukuthi luvimbele izinhlangano ezisebenza kanye abezimo eziphuthumayo kudlule into yokulungiswa zokuvimbela futhi impendulo eziphuthumayo.

Uma ukwakhiwa lezinto komugqa adingekayo umsebenzi ukusebenzisa okwesikhashana ezweni kuyimfihlo, bese ekupheleni ukwakhiwa ala mazwe kufanele libuyiselwe futhi avuselelwa. Ngesikhathi umsebenzi lezi zindawo yaqashiswa.

imibhalo design

komugqa into umtlamo kuyinto ngempela okukhulu kuhlanganisa 10 izigaba: inothi ochazayo, ukuklanywa UMUGQA, ngqo wazise le into (kokubili zobuchwepheshe kanye nomklamo), iqoqo kwezakhiwo kanjalo nezinhlaka ingqalasizinda yephrojekthi kuyakhiwa, pos, imibhalo project echaza umsebenzi ukubhidliza izakhiwo kanye Ukudilizwa into, iphepha, kulawula ukuphepha umlilo nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, izindleko izilinganiso, futhi ezimweni ezikhethekile komthetho kanye neminye imibhalo. Zonke imibhalo engenhla kuncike luhlolo yomphakathi.

Kuye nezidingo okusalungiswa kunjiniyela zokusebenza into eqondile kungase kudingeke ntshashintshe lemininingwane. Ukwakheka ethile futhi umthamo yayo linqunywa yikhasimende. Ukusebenza imibhalo bavunyelwe yakha kanyekanye nephrojekthi, futhi ngemva kwaso ngokuhamba kuqalisa.