Ukuvuvukala. Isiteji ukuvuvukala kanye nezimpawu

Man - a ngenxa yokuthi zintekenteke. Kodwa isimo wokunakekela Ukuqhubeka kwalezi zilwane zikhona, eyethulwe abantu isipho okubaluleke kakhulu - amasosha omzimba. Kwaba sibonga kuye ukuze umzimba wethu ukhona, lithuthuka iphinde ivimbele ejenti nolaka ezithathelwanayo.

Ukuvuvukala - umonakalo noma ukuvikela umzimba?

Igama Latin inflammo elihunyushwe ngokuthi "ukuba ashise", kanye nezinye nencazelo yalo - yisishiso. Isinyathelo ukuvuvukala, izinhlobo zalo nomumo uzobe wachaza ngokuningiliziwe kule material. Ukuze uqale ukuqonda okushiwo inqubo kanye ukuthola inani layo umzimba womuntu. Izinguquko ezinjalo, ngakho ngaphansi kwethonya kwezimo ezithile (ukugula, ukulimala eziwuhlupho, nokungezwani komzimba nezinto) kwakungafanele ngephutha - kuba omzimba ukuba ayehlasela ukutheleleka, ukubhujiswa cell izakhiwo noma kuyo izinto ezixabana nomzimba. Le nqubo siqondiswe kwasendaweni wesabelo ezilimele, ukuba kude kwaso kusukela inyama ephilile. Izenzo ezinjalo umzimba ngenxa isidingo nenkanuko edlulele isici pathogenic e ukuvuvukala, imfucumfucu yokubola yayo futhi ayehlasela isayithi ukuphulukiswa. Umphumela kuba amandla ukuthuthukisa nokuvikeleka.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuvuvukala akuyona bekhuluma ngegciwane. Lena yindlela ejwayelekile ziyawathinta Pathogenic iyiphi Ukungena ku umzimba, kuyilapho ukutheleleka - lena agent nolaka, ingqondo ukusabela ngaleyo ndlela.

Imininingwane zomlando

Ukuvuvukala, ukuvuvukala esiteji, izici zalo ehlukile ayesevele aziwa ekuqaleni ezitholakala kule nkathi yethu. Ikakhulukazi, la zimpikiswano zazibaluleke ososayensi nesithakazelo lasendulo - Klavdiy uGalen futhi umlobi waseRoma Korneliy Tsels. Kuyinto yokugcina ngamnyama izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko zokuqonda le iyiphi ukuvuvukala:

• erythema (ububomvu ukubukeka);
• ukuvuvukala;
• komzimba;
• ubuhlungu.

Kube uphawu lwesihlanu - kuphula umthetho we endaweni ethintekile noma isitho imisebenzi (endaweni yokugcina yengeziwe kakhulu kamuva uGalen).

Ngemva kwalokho, ososayensi abaningi abasebenza ngalolu daba. Watadisha ke, futhi isazi sezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni elidume Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov. Wayebheka ephulukisa impendulo ukuvuvukala, isipho uyini ngempela, kodwa ayakudzinga okwengeziwe ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, ngoba akuzona zonke izinqubo kuholela nokuvulwa umzimba. Ingasaphathwa ukuthi ukuvuvukala ezinzima kakhulu ezimweni lapho iphuzwa ngokweqile.

amagama

Uma umzimba esebenzayo kuyaqhubeka (isinyathelo ukuvuvukala kuleli cala, kungukuthi kunakwe), khona-ke ukuba igama isifo, ngokuvamile ngesiLatini, qinisekisa ukungeza izici isiphetho "-it". Ngokwesibonelo, ukuvuvukala umphimbo, izinso, inhliziyo, peritoneum, pancreatic ngokuthi, ngokulandelana, laryngitis, nephritis, myocarditis, peritonitis, pancreatitis. Uma ukuvuvukala ezivamile umzimba ihlanganyela isifo seduze naye ezicutshini noma adipose, yengezwe igama Isiqalo "para": paranephritis, parametritis (ukuvuvukala kwesibeletho) , njll Kodwa kule ndaba, njenganoma yiluphi umthetho, kukhona .. okuhlukile, ezifana izincazelo eziqondile njengoba angina noma i-pneumonia.

Kungani ukuvuvukala khona?

Ngakho, iziphi kwezimbangela eziyinhloko ukuvuvukala? Bona ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezintathu:

1. Physical. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuvuvukala emzimbeni iqala ngenxa ezihlukahlukene ukulimala mechanical, ukusha, kuhlanganise osabalalayo, frostbite, khona imizimba angaphandle, umphumela kagesi.
2. Eziphilayo. Kulokhu, it yikambiso sokugembula kubangelwa ejenti microbial, yisinanakazana futhi ahlukahlukene. Lesi sigaba yezimfanelo futhi zihlanganisa amagciwane izifo ezithile ezifana tubercle imbewu eletha (isifo sofuba), Treponema pallidum (ugcunsula), Mycobacterium leprae (uchoko) nabanye.
3. Chemical. Leli qembu yezici kusekelwe isenzo ahlukahlukene ikhemikhali isiqondiso (ukuthaka imithi, ubuthi, nosawoti, alkalis, acid, nama-ubuthi kwakhiwa emzimbeni).

Futhi okubangela ukuvuvukala bangaba ukuhlukumezeka ngokwengqondo okukhulu, ukucindezeleka njalo notshwala.

izinqubo ezinjalo noma zenzeka ukuma babazi noma onesifo ukuthatha. Lapho ukuphendula umfutho kwenzeka ngokushesha, okusho, amaseli egazi amhlophe bese oketshezi olungenambala olusegazini ezaqala futhi aziphathe ezindaweni ezithintekile iyasebenza kakhulu, ephawula inqubo oyingozi. Uma Nokho, emangqamuzaneni, izinguquko zenzeka kancane kancane, ibizwa ngokuthi ukuvuvukala ezingamahlalakhona. Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana nezinhlobo namafomu Kamuva sizoxoxa ngokuthi.

symptomatology

Zonke izigaba ukuvuvukala libhekene nezimpawu ezifanayo eziyinhloko. Basuke ihlukaniswe zendawo jikelele. Iqembu lokuqala izimpawu kuhlanganisa:

• Hyperemia (ububomvu) ukusuka endaweni yenhlekelele. Lokhu uphawu kwenzeka ngenxa olunzulu ukugeleza kwegazi.
• Komzimba - wendawo lokushisa ukwanda, kusukela umzimba esasizosheshisa.
• Ukuvuvukala, uma kukhona kokuziphatha izicubu exudate.
• Lactic - ukwanda asidi. Lokhu uphawu kaningi kwenzeka ngenxa imfiva.
• Giperalgiya (ubuhlungu obukhulu). Kuziwa ekuphenduleni umthelela receptor kanye kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa.
• Ukulahlekelwa noma ukungasebenzi endaweni ethintekile. Kwenzeka ngenxa babe nazo zonke izimpawu ngenhla.

By the way, yisishiso izitho zangaphakathi akuyona njalo owabonakaliswa emizweni ubuhlungu, kodwa uma inqubo ithatha indawo phezu, zikhona cishe zonke izimpawu ngenhla.

izimpawu ezivamile kungatholakala yokuhlolwa yase-laboratory, ngokukhethekile, segazi egcwele. Ngokwesibonelo, ushintsho ejwayelekile egazini leukocyte ifomula izingxenye, kanye nokwanda okuphawulekayo ESR. Ngakho-ke, ukuba ngokucophelela watadisha eyinkimbinkimbi izimpawu, kungaba lapho ethola ukuthi unesifo ukuvuvukala. isigaba okuvuthayo - umbuzo olandelayo isithakazelo kubantu ukutadisha isihloko.

Isigaba nohlobo ukuvuvukala

Njenganoma yimuphi inqubo, ibuye isakhiwa ngezigaba. Isinyathelo 3 Ukwabela ukuvuvukala. Zingase ezothuthukiswa ntshashintshe kodwa njalo samanje. Uma sichaza ngewakho emagama elula, kuba okukhiphayo umonakalo uketshezi nezicubu overgrowth. Isigaba sokuqala sale ukuvuvukala - ekuguqulweni. Lokhu kulandelwa exudation, futhi ngemva kwaso - ayanda.

Manje kubiza kancane xaxa ukuxoxa izinhlobo ukuvuvukala ukuthi zihlobene ngokuqondile izigaba. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lapho inqubo okhula ngokushesha, ibizwa ngokuthi oyingozi. Ngokuvamile, ukuze zifaneleke kanjalo, ngaphezu isikhathi factor kumelwe inqobe esiteji ukuvuvukala acute ezifana exudation futhi ayanda.

Kunenye division: banal (evamile) amasosha omzimba futhi ukuvuvukala. Esimeni sesibili iyona ngqo ukuphendula kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni. Ukutadisha esiteji, futhi lolu hlobo ukuvuvukala izindlela, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ukushiyana kwezidalwa incike ingasheshi noma ngokushesha. Lesi sitatimende zingachazwa impela nje: Kwekucala nje, kuyafaneleka ukuthi nakuba lesi indlela ukuvuvukala Ngohlelo "antigen - omzimba". Uma impendulo okuyiyonayona ku umzimba eba ngokushesha, okokuqala ivuswe ngu lamasu, nezinqubo kamuva ngenxa phagocytosis, ukuxuba wathi tandem nge leukocyte futhi ukulimala izindonga semithambo idatha eziyinkimbinkimbi izicubu elikhula ngokushesha ukuvuvukala kanye haemorrhages amaningi. Isibonelo isimo sibi enjalo ingaba njengendlela ukushaqeka anaphylactic, angioedema (noma angioedema), kanye nezinye izinqubo ezidinga ukusetshenziswa yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule izinyathelo.

Lapho ephendula aphuze inqubo antigen kushesha kangaka (isib Mantoux test). Kulokhu, amaseli kuqala futhi ababhubhise ejenti bezinye izizwe kanye nezicubu. Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona kancane kuyanda granulomas. Le nqubo libhekene eyayizothatha isikhathi eside kunalokho.

Ngakho, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo izinqubo ukuvuvukala:

• Cijela. isikhathi salo amahora amaningana. Kukhona amacala ukuthi kuthatha esingangesonto.
• Subacute. Ngokuvamile kuyaphela ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa.
• Okungalapheki. Kungaba iminyaka noma ngisho nokuphila konke, ogeleza amagagasi acute ukuze athethelelwe.

Ukulimala: esigabeni sokuqala

Ngakho, iya incazelo eqondile isinyathelo izinguquko emzimbeni. Noma yimuphi ukuvuvukala iqala ngaleyo ndlela. Njengoba sekushiwo, eyodwa esigabeni ukuvuvukala libizwa ekuguqulweni (kusuka alteratio amazwi - "umonakalo"). Lokho ukudabuka kwezicubu futhi, ngokulandelana, ukuphazamiseka cell ubuqotho futhi imithambo yegazi okuholela izinguquko necrotic kanye ukukhululwa kwe balamuli ukuvuvukala. Lezi izinto asebenzayo ziyashintsha ithoni semithambo, okubangela ubuhlungu obuhlabayo nokuvuvukala.

exudation

iziyaluyalu Umhlinzi endaweni elikhanyayo imbangela exudation (exudatio). Lena 2 esiteji ukuvuvukala. Inqubo liqukethe esidayisa igazi oketshezini izicubu. Ibizwa ngokuthi exudate, okwakunginika isikhathi ukuze ubheke le nqubo ngaleyo ndlela. Lapho lesi sinyathelo-ke okubangela ukuvuvukala balamuli futhi kusebenze ukuphazamiseka semithambo. spasm Ngenxa, okuyinto eyenzeka ngo-arteriole, ingxenye ezilimele is kakhulu sithuthukiswe ukugeleza kwegazi, okuholela ukuminyana. Ngaphezu kwalokho kwandisa umzimba, futhi hyperemia i emithambo yegazi lwemithambo ingena. ingcindezi Umhlinzi elikhula ngokushesha, futhi ingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi ephuma yemida yabo. Exudate kungenzeka ukugcwaliswa ezahlukene kuzoncika ukuvuvukala ukuma Kwabenza.

inqubo elikhiqizayo

Isigaba sesithathu ubizwa ngokuthi proliferative ukuvuvukala. Lesi sigaba ukuvuvukala Kuyinto wokugcina. izinqubo okuzivuselela in kwezicubu, uvumele noma ukuvuselela izindawo ezilimele ukuvuvukala noma kule ndawo kwakhiwa isibazi. Kodwa ngo-omisiwe oqine wesifunda ezicashile babe 3 izigaba ukuvuvukala Singasho inamazinga ahlukahlukene okujula obuhlukahlukene. Ngakho ukuhlukanisa phakathi izinhlobo kakhudlwana futhi ezahlukene lezi zinhlelo.

amafomu eziyisisekelo

Izinhlobo, amafomu kanye izigaba ukuvuvukala - lokhu kuyinto udinga ukuba banake kwasekuqaleni. Njengoba sesibonile, inqubo kunqunywa nesikhathi eside ezifana uhlobo. Kodwa lokhu akulona zonke izici ezingase zisetshenziswe ukuhlolisisa ukuvuvukala. isigaba ukuvuvukala - oluyisisekelo neziqu zakhe kanye nokuhlolwa. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi izingxenye inqubo kuvetwa ngezindlela ezingafani. Kuye izisekelo impendulo ukuvuvukala, kunezinhlobo ezintathu izinguquko ezithile:

1. Alterative. Leli fomu elinesimo predominance izinqubo necrotic e isitho avuvukele. Ngenkathi lonke izici kuvetwa buthaka kakhulu. Ngokuvamile lolu hlobo ukuvuvukala ebonwe parenchymal izitho: nenhliziyo, izinso, isibindi. Kulokhu, isici yokuqothulwa nokwaphuka kwemisipha zemicu izindwangu. Leli gama lihlanganisa inkulumo kancane yisikhathi, kodwa kweminye imikhakha wezokwelapha kusenzima efanele.
2. Exudative. Ingqikithi yale ncazelo wukuqinisekisa ukuthi uma ifomu ezifana ukuvuvukala yobukhona oyisibopho exudate. Kuye ukuthi kuyakuba kanjani, kukhona eziningana sub-izinhlobo ukuvuvukala: ubovu, oluhambisana, serous, fibrinous, catarrhal. Ake sicabangele kafushane ngamunye wabo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-ukuvuvukala serous libhekene kumiswa amaprotheni ketshezi. Kungaba ugcwalise iyiphi izimbotshana (pleural noma egobolondweni lelunga nabanye). Kungenzeka futhi ukuba impregnate le micu kanye izindwangu, kanjalo okubangela ukucushwa evuvukele. Ukwelapha umumo ezifana kungenzeka, exudate Pumped. ifomu Fibrinous ukuvuvukala sehlukaniswe lobar futhi idiphtheria. Kulokhu amaprotheni ethakwa yakha isici umbala omhlophe ifilimu. Ingozi le fomu ukuthi kungase yakha ukuvuvukala. Ubovu ukuvuvukala kumiswa amaprotheni ezahlukene kanye leukocyte exudation. Ukuxoxa amafomu, izigaba, izinhlobo ukuvuvukala, kuyafaneleka ukuthi kuyindlela kakhulu, okungaba ngokoqobo Ncibilikisa izicubu, okuyinto emangalisayo. ifomu penultimate - oluhambisana. Exudate kulokhu kuhlanganisa sebuningini erythrocyte. Lokho kuwumphumela ukukhethwa kungenzeka ngegazi. Lokhu ukuvuvukala sizalwa nawo zezifo ezinkulu ezithathelwanayo: umbendeni, oluhambisana meningitis, isifo, ingxibongo, nabanye. Umphumela kuzoncika umenzeli causative lesi sifo. Kodwa lolu hlobo ukuvuvukala noma kunjalo kungaphephile kakhulu. ifomu Catarrhal sokuvuvukala akhanya bonke ngenhla. S Ukukhetha nobuntu semali isikhwehlela (rhinitis, tracheitis).
3. Proliferative. Leli fomu libhekene nokwanda okusheshayo kwenani ezicutshini futhi kumiswa granulomas. It kuphakamisa isifo sokusha (nemibimbi) kwezitho ahlukahlukene, eba emhlabeni imizimba angaphandle kanye inclusions yisinanakazana.

Ngokusekelwe osekushiwo, kubalulekile ukuchaza kabanzi ukuthi isigaba ukuvuvukala suppurative secrete ochwepheshe:

• kokuziphatha Serous.
• inqubo Necrotic (flegmozny, gangrenous, abscessed)

imfundo eyisisekelo Pustular zihlukaniswe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• ukuvuvukala Focal (ithumba). Kungenjalo, le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ithumba. Njengoba ukushisa elandelayo kwenzeka: Kumiswa umthombo ukutheleleka iqhubeka ingaphakathi is nge kwatheleka njalo leukocyte therein. Uma ithumba liqhumise kwangaphandle, khona-ke ibizwa ngokuthi fistula. Futhi zihlanganisa amathumba carbuncles.
• Empyema - Ukwakheka kwezitho ubovu exudate e izimbotshana yemvelo (appendix pleura, parenchyma) ngokwehluleka ekhipha okuqukethwe.
• Ngesinyenyela. Ngenye indlela, kulesi sigaba sibizwa ngokuthi cellulitis. Kulokhu, ubomvu ogcwele emzimbeni ngokuphelele. Inqubo iyahluka iyasatshalaliswa kulo lonke isakhiwo endaweni ethintekile.

Ubovu exudate kungaba chaza ngokuphelele, ukwakha sesibazi. Kodwa kukhona nethuba umphumela ezingezinhle. Lokhu kwenzeka uma ubomvu ingena egazini. Ngenxa yalokho, nakanjani eba sepsis, futhi inqubo iba yingozi, generalized ukutheleleka lisakazeka wonke umzimba.

Isibonelo esingokoqobo: pneumonia

Lona omunye isifo esiyingozi kakhulu futhi kunalokho ezingalindelekile ukuthi kubangelwa amagciwane ahlukahlukene ezibangela i-pneumonia. Kuyinto khona uketshezi alveoli lesiguli kube nzima ukuphefumula futhi kuphakamisa ukushintsha izinga lempilo kukho okubi. Kuvamisile kuxhomeke ezicini eziningana, ngokuyinhloko amasosha omzimba womuntu. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ukugcina umkhondo wonke izigaba ezintathu ukuvuvukala isibonelo salokhu isifo kungenzeka.

Isifo samaphaphu futhi ithatha indawo izinyathelo. Ngokombono pathogenesis 4 esiteji wamaphaphu ukuvuvukala: tide hepatization obomvu, grey hepatization imvume. Eyokuqala yalezi lichaza ahlaselayo nje ejenti ezithathelwanayo emzimbeni, ubuqotho ukulimala kwamangqamuzana (ekuguqulweni). Ngenxa yalokho kukhona ukuminyana, iguliswa isikhumba ukusabela, iphika, ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngamandla, izimpawu ubuthi ezinzima.

Ngo hepatization izigaba exudate kwakhiwa (hepatization obomvu kanye grey) ngenkuthalo is emisipheni wamaphaphu. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokucacile kwesifuba, ukudakwa, iziyaluyalu zezinzwa. Imfundo phlegm luningi kakhulu - exudate igcwalisa cishe yonke indawo ethintekile. Indlela i-pneumonia kabi, kusho isici izilonda olunzulu (isikhungo ingxenye, Lobe yamaphaphu, noma ukuvuvukala Imininingwane). Kukhona amacala nkinga izilonda kwelinye.

Phakathi percolation isinqumo isinyathelo ehlukanisa exudate kwakhiwa, ukuncishiswa (ayanda) wamaphaphu izilonda futhi yokutakula kancane kancane. Ngokuqinisekile, izinyathelo pneumonia khombisa izinqubo isici isimo echazwe umzimba. Ngaphandle nenyumoniya isibonelo izifo ejwayelekile kakhulu kuhlobane ngokuqondile ukuthuthukiswa ukuvuvukala kungaba:

• Isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi.
• izimila olunomdlavuza.
• izinguquko somoya.
• Prostatitis: kokubili oyingozi futhi ezingalapheki.
• Izifo uhlelo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi (isib, yenhliziyo Umthambo isifo).
• Glomerulonephritis.
• ukuvuvukala emathunjini.
• Ukugula izitho endaweni ukhalo.
• rheumatoid arthritis.
• Iqembu izifo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba.
• Vasculitis.
• Cystitis.
• Ukufakelwa ukwenqatshwa.
• Sarcoidosis.

Ekugcineni, induna banal liyavela futhi ngenxa izinqubo ukuvuvukala esikhumbeni futhi ezingqimbeni ngokujulile epidermis.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izivikeli mzimba ngokuvamile enza ihlaya elibi nendikimba, okubangela ukuthuthukiswa ukuvuvukala. Chaza kafushane inqubo, singasho ukuthi umzimba mzimba eyohlasela umzimba wayo siqu. Zingase ukuqonda lonke uhlelo umzimba njengoba usongo lonke isakhiwo zokuphila. Kungani lokhu, ngeshwa, bengayiqondi ngokugcwele.

ukugoqa

Yiqiniso, kusuka izinguquko sokuvuvukala kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kungukuthi oVikelwe yinoma yimuphi omunye eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo wethulwa abantu ngokwemvelo, ngenxa yalokho senzelwe ukuthuthukisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela futhi asize umzimba ngaphezulu ngempumelelo kudlule indlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda izindlela ukuthi zenzeka ngesikhathi yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo ukuvuvukala ezidingekile zonke izakhamuzi sisiqaphela iplanethi.