Ukwahlukanisa emachibini imvelaphi yabo

Lake - evaliwe ikhefu sushi, wawugcwalisa ngamanzi. It has a exchange amanzi kancane, ngokungafani kuya imifula agelezela amanzi ezilwandle, ngokungafani kuya olwandle. Ala machibi eplanethini yethu Ukuboshelwa basakaza. Le ndawo Imininingwane Zomhlaba imayelana 2.7 Lakes Mill. ² km, noma mayelana 1.8% womhlaba.

Lakes kuthiwa oxhumene by eziningi umehluko njengoba imingcele engaphandle kwaba nabantu bezizwe ezixubile isakhiwo amanzi, imvelaphi, njll

Ukwahlukaniswa namachibi ngu umsuka

amachibi glacial kwakhiwa ngenxa ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa okwakungokokuqala ngqá. Lokhu kwenzeka phakathi iziphonso ezinzima abandayo okubophela amazwekazi izikhathi eziningana past 2 kweminyaka eyisigidi. Umphumela we ubudala ice babe amachibi yesimanje asezindaweni ezikahle kulo lonke eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu, okungukuthi e-Canada, Baffin Island, eScandinavia, Karelia, emazweni aseBaltic, esise-Ural, kwezinye izindawo.

nezixhobo yeqhwa emikhulu ngaphansi isisindo isisindo ayo, kanye ngenxa ukunyakaza kwabo yakha eziningi emigodini ejulile e komhlaba, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho izingqimba zomhlaba wathutha ngaphandle. Kulezi imigodi kanye waphuka emva ukuncibilika kweqhwa namachibi kwakhiwa. Omunye abameleli amachibi Glacial kungenziwa ngokuthi echibini. Arberzee.

Imbangela zomhlaba amachibi steel ukunyakaza lithospheric amapuleti, lapho waphuka akhiwa koqweqwe. Baqala ukuba egcwele amanzi avela zamaqhwa zincibilika, okwaholela ukuvela lolu hlobo kwesigubhu. Isibonelo esiyinhloko salokhu iBaikal.

River amachibi kuvela uma kukhona Ukoma ezindaweni ezithile ukugeleza emifuleni. Kulokhu, kukhona degree of uchungechunge amadamu eziye lasuka emfuleni efanayo. A samuntu zokwakheka emfuleni uzamcolo yesibili kukhona amachibi, okuyizinto ngenxa yokuvinjwa amanzi kokuphazamisa isiteshi amanzi.

amachibi Coastal abizwa ngokuthi zemifula. Babonakala at ugcwalise elisezansi emifuleni amanzi ezilwandle, noma ngenxa ukwehlisa ulwandle emikhawulweni. Kulo mBhalo eyayisanda kumiswa phakathi Gulf nolwandle livela ewumdweshu noma emanzini angajulile. Ngo izizalo zemifula, iphuma confluence imifula nolwandle, amanzi ukunambitheka okunosawoti ngaphezulu.

Karst amachibi kukhona umhlaba imigodi ukuthi zigcwele amanzi emifuleni ngomshoshaphansi. Imigodi - ke yehlela lithosphere, ehlanganisa limestone amatshe. Ngenxa yokwehluleka yamadwala e-limestone agudle phansi kwesigubhu, nokuthi kuthinta obala usigcwalisa amanzi, crystal ecacile.

Ngo amachibi Karst kukhona isici esisodwa esiwuphawu - abayikho ngezikhathi ngokubukeka kwabo. Lokho, ingashabalala nokuhlelwa kabusha eyakheke. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa incike ezingeni emifuleni ngomshoshaphansi.

Amachibi zitholakala esigodini entabeni. Bona akhiwa ngezindlela eziningana. Ngoba idwala uwela, ukuthi uvimbele ukugeleza komfula futhi ngaleyo ndlela yakha echibini. Indlela imfundo yesibili - lena ukuhlangana kancane emabhuloki yeqhwa emikhulu ukuthi ishiya ezijulile ofaka sushi - nezitsha, zazo zigcwele amanzi kusukela tayavshego ice.

Lake wentaba-mlilo-uhlobo avele asemigodini yezintaba-mlilo ithule. imigodi yezintaba-mlilo ezinjalo ukujula okukhulu futhi onqenqemeni okusezingeni eliphezulu, okuyinto evimbela effluents futhi affluents lamanzi emfuleni. Lokhu kwenza kube cishe angawodwa echibini mlilo. imigodi yezintaba-mlilo Egcwele amanzi emvula. Indawo eqondile lezi izinto ngokuvamile kuyabonakala ukubunjwa amanzi abo. Amazinga aphakeme carbon dioxide ngibenze efile, ungahlalwa muntu.

ichibi lokwenziwa - ichibi namachibi. Ngamabomu ukwakha kubo ezimbonini ngezinhloso zokuhlala. Futhi, amachibi yokufakelwa kungaba umphumela yokwemba, lapho esisele yokwemba imigodi egcwele amanzi emvula.

Ngenhla uhlanganiswe ngezigaba amachibi kuye umsuka.

Izinhlobo amachibi phezu Isimo

Iba ngezigaba amachibi kuncike isihlobo isikhundla phansi, ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. amachibi Terrestrial zitholakala ngqo phezu komhlaba. Lezi imizimba amanzi zinengxenye umjikelezo njalo lamanzi.
2. echibini Underground itholakala nasemihumeni komhlaba ezintabeni.

Ukwahlukanisa lenguquko ethize kunhlobonhlobo zamatshe

Iba Ukwahlukaniswa namachibi nosawoti lemali ingasetshenziswa ngendlela elandelayo:

1. Igcwele amachibi kwakhiwa kusukela amanzi emvula, encibilika izinguzunga zeqhwa, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Amanzi lezinto zemvelo zingenalo nosawoti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amachibi angenasawoti zibangelwa ukweqa ka ezinamatshe eziphansi emifuleni. Elikhulu kunawo wonke angenasawoti echibini - iChibi iBaikal.
2. emizimbeni ngamanzi anosawoti ihlukaniswe brackish futhi anosawoti.

amachibi Brackish zivamile ezindaweni ezinesomiso: emaqeleni kanye ezingwadule.

Salt amachibi kokuqukethwe usawoti esikhathini ukushuba amanzi awo ukukhumbuza izilwandle. Ngezinye izikhathi usawoti amachibi lokuhlushwa kancane ephakeme kunaleyo ezilwandle nakuzo izilwandle.

Kusigaba Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali somhlaba amachibi ezahlukene, kuya ngokuthi inani ukungcola emanzini. I amachibi okuthiwa ngesisekelo lokhu:

1. Ubuningi anda carbonate amachibi Na futhi CA. Nge asendaweni amadamu enjalo ukukhiqizwa of soda.
2. Sulfate echibini kubhekwa ekwelapheni ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwabo Na futhi MG. Ngaphezu kwalokho, echibini sulfate - indawo ukukhiqizwa usawoti Glauber sika.
3. Chloride - echibini usawoti, okuyizinto endaweni evamile kwemayini usawoti.

Ukwahlukanisa amanzi ibhalansi

1. Indle echibini endowed amanzi emifula, ngayo nefunda ngayo phinda a kwamahala kwenani elithile lamanzi. Ngokuvamile, lezi amachibi ube yimifula eminingana ithela kulo ukubhukuda yakho pool, kodwa sonke isikhathi siza. Isibonelo esihle kuyinto ichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke - iChibi iBaikal futhi Teletskoye. Waste amachibi amanzi - amanzi ahlanzekile.
2. Emgodini onomthombo - a echibini okunosawoti, njengoba amanzi ukugeleza kuzo iyasebenza ezingaphezu kuka izimali zawo. Basuke etholakala izindawo ezingwadule futhi emaqeleni. Ngezinye izikhathi baya ngezinga elingelikhulu isizinda commercial usawoti soda.

Ukwahlukanisa ngenombolo izakhi

1. amachibi Oligotrophic aqukethe amanani elincane izakhamzimba. Izici kukhona obala kanye ukuhlanzeka kwamanzi, umbala kusukela blue oluhlaza, amachibi ajulile eningi - kusukela imnene ukwehla elijulile-oksijini lokuhlala eduze phansi echibini.
2. Eutrophic elihlale emakamu eliphezulu izakhamzimba. Izici amachibi zinjalo miphumela elandelayo:, umoyampilo incipha gxuma abukhali kuya phansi, nosawoti wamaminerali eziqukethwe ngokweqile, umbala amanzi kusuka green kumnyama nsundu, futhi la manzi ukucaciseleka ongaphakeme.
3. amachibi Dystrophic bampofu kakhulu amaminerali. Oxygen kuncane, obala ongaphakeme, umbala amanzi kungaba obomvu ophuzi noma amnyama.

isiphetho

Umhlaba Water umcengezi yilezi: emifuleni, ezilwandle, izilwandle, izinguzunga zeqhwa izilwandle zomhlaba nasemachibini amaningi. Ngeengaba amachibi kunezinhlobo eziningana. Lezi zinto zabe sibuyekezwe kulesi sihloko.

Lake, kanye nezinye machibi - wemithombo ebaluleke kakhulu zemvelo, iziphi kabanzi esetshenziswa indoda kuyo yonke imikhakha.