Ukwehla kwentengo imali - kungcono ... Ingabe ukwehla kwentengo imali?

Njengoba bonke abafundi wezomnotho kwezombangazwe eyaziwa, imali lezimpahla, siqala ethize kakhulu. Lo mqondo necebo iqoqo izincazelo, kusukela ezihlekisayo kuya yesayensi kakhulu, kodwa essence yabo ayiguquki. Imali, njengoba Marx akubeka, - irisidi ilungelo zabasebenzi yomunye. Futhi inqobo nje uma basuke kubalwa noma eliphrintiwe, ukuxhashazwa ezinjalo kuyoba khona. Futhi uyohlale ekhona abantu abangekho okungaphezu kwalokho abanye. Futhi ekulweni namandla is atehlukaniseki emzabalazweni imali. Isintu siye beveza kweyunithi kwisilinganiso kanjalo kubeka isimo sabo, ngesikhathi lapho kwakukhona ubudlelwane ukuhweba. Kwimakethe, a ubudlelwane zezimali kanye credit kuyinkimbinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi international, emazweni ahlukahlukene kukhona ukwehla kwentengo imali. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa, kuncike nqubo, okuthiwa ehlukile: kwamandla emali, ayehle kakhulu amandla emali, okuzenzakalelayo, yokujama tsi ngisho ukuwohloka ngokuphelele komnotho. Yiziphi izindlela yalezi zinhlelo?

izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali

Amandla ukuthenga azo zonke izinhlobo zemali incipha nge sikhathi. Futhi ngeke ngisho esebenza manje Jamaica emhlabeni uhlelo yemali ngokususelwa ezilinganisweni elintantayo - ke kuphela ulawula ukubaluleka isilinganiso banknotes ahlukahlukene. Uma siqonde indlela, isibonelo, US dollar ilahlekelwe ikhono layo ukuze ukhokhele ezintathu zokugcina noma emashumini amane eminyaka, kuba sobala ukuthi sikhuluma Tumble yakhe. Lena isithombe okufanayo le swiss franc noma yen Japanese. Ukwehla kancane kancane imali ibizwa ngokuthi ukwehla kwamandla emali inqubo reverse libizwa deflation, okuyinto osomnotho abakholelwa lomkhuba omubi kakhulu. Mshini kulezi zinkanyezi ulula. Nge ngokukhula komnotho zemali in kwegazi lukhula, inani elinikeziwe emuva emakethe yabo, ukuthola ukufinyelela umthengi. Konke lokhu injini ekuthuthukiseni olwengeziwe. Izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali e uhla 2-3% kubhekwa evamile, ngisho ezifiselekayo.

ayehle kakhulu amandla emali

Inqobo nje emhlabeni reserve currency elisekelwa igolide, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi we Genoese kanye Bretton Woods lwemali ohlelweni, kukonke, nemali amazinga, futhi amanani yaqhubeka iba ngcono, uma kuqhathaniswa. Yiqiniso, inkinga nokucindezeleka, ngezinye izikhathi ebuhlungu kakhulu, kodwa dollar (ngisho isenti) wasala intengo, nje wenze kwaba nzima kakhulu. Kodwa emazweni eziye elahlekile yegolide yabo (njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokunqotshwa eJalimane eMpini Yezwe I), kwakukhona ukwehla okusheshayo imali. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa sivezwe kula amakhulu ngisho nezinkulungwane amaphesenti, kanye nenani muva ingxenye nokulingana, kamuva ngenyanga, ubungakwazi ukuthenga iphakethe likagwayi, ngisho ibhokisi likamentshisi. Kwenzeka into ethi ayifane ukusinda futhi izakhamuzi zangaphambili zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa isihlakazeka ngokuzumayo. Leyo ukwehla ngendathane imali libizwa ayehle kakhulu amandla emali. Sibangelwa ephelele noma nciphisa emikhulu isimo uhlelo lwezimali, obonakaliswe i ukuphrinta engalawuliwe okungaphephile imali engamaphepha yasebhange amanothi Central Bank.

okuzenzakalelayo

Leli gama elisha ezindlebeni zethu okuthile okungaziwayo kwafika umshudo kusukela blue ngo-1998. Isimo limenyezelwe ukungakwazi yayo ukuhlangabezana nezibopho izikweletu, kokubili emkhakheni zangaphandle, futhi ngaphakathi ezweni. Lesi sikhathi ephelezelwa ayehle kakhulu amandla emali, kodwa ngaphandle ukuthi izakhamuzi elaliyiSoviet Union wazizwa nezinye "izintelezi" okuzenzakalelayo. Ngokushesha akhishwe esitolo emashalofini, abantu bafuna ukuchitha imali yabo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, njengoba nje namanje into engathenga. Wajeziswa amabhizinisi amaningi, ogama imisebenzi babe ezihlobene ucishe ukuze komkhakha wamabhange. Lenyukele ku isikhala usayizi zenzalo ubhekene nenkinga yezimali. Ukuze wenze enye into ngaphandle kabusha, kwaba ezingenanzuzo ke udumazeke futhi, ekugcineni, kumane nje akunakwenzeka. Okuzenzakalelayo - kuyinto ukwehla kwentengo imali, okubangwa ukulahlekelwa ephelele yokuqiniseka lwemali kazwelonke ezimakethe ezifuywayo angaphandle. Isizathu ngokuvamile yephutha lohlelo ekuphathweni izimali ezweni. Ngamanye amazwi, okuzenzakalelayo kwenzeka uma uhulumeni usebenzisa imali engaphezu kuka-ke engaqinisa emnothweni kazwelonke. Ukwehla kwentengo imali eRussia, bese kwesinye amazwe ayengaphansi kweSoviet kwadingeka ezinye izizathu ehlangene jikelele akukho ukulibaziseka (phakathi ukufinyelela atholakale inqubo) ingcebo zonakale ezweni omkhulu. "Classic" okuzenzakalelayo senzeka e-Mexico (1994), Argentina (2001) kanye Uruguay (2003).

Izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali futhi ukwehla

Kukhula amanani yasekhaya emazweni ukukhiqizwa ampofu futhi ukungasebenzi is ngqo exhumene Ngokuwa lwemali kazwelonke. Uma iphesenti izimpahla idliwe has a high ukungenisa okuqukethwe, qiniseka kukhona ukwehla kwentengo imali. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umuntu efuna ukuthola akudingayo wenziwa zonke izidingo zezimali emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi, i-US dollars, futhi maqondana nalapho kunciphise kazwelonke exchange rate. Emazweni ukuthi kukhona lencike kancane izimpahla zangaphandle, wathi ukwehla kwamandla emali aqondene izingxenye angaphandle kuphela asetshenziswa uhla yezimpahla ezingena ingxenye yasekhaya, lapho ukukhiqizwa amazinga aphezulu ukwehla.

ezicini ezinhle emali ...

Izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali kuba ngisho babebaningi kakhulu ine phezu izinqubo zezomnotho akuzona kuphela yinhlekelele, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi umphumela ukuphulukiswa. Ukwanda kwadlanga kakhulu ngawo amanani ukhuthaza abanikazi imali is hhayi egcinwe "ngaphansi kumatilasi" ngokushesha liyancipha izinqolobane futhi uqalise kubo kwegazi, usheshisa notshwala zezimali. Njengoba emakethe uya opharetha okuyiwona ukwehla kwentengo imali - kuba isici umonakala ngenxa kahle ongaphakeme imisebenzi yabo. Ukushiya kuphela eziqine, isikhathi eside kunazo zonke futhi livikela. Izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali kudlala indima enelanga, ukukhulula emnothweni kazwelonke kusuka isikebhe sizinze ezingadingekile ngesimo amabhizinisi ababuthakathaka nezinye izikhungo zezimali, ayikwazi ukumelana nokuncintisana.

... futhi okuzenzakalelayo

Kungase kubonakale umqondo nakuba ukuthi ngisho kokuwa ngokuphelele uhlelo lwezimali lukazwelonke kuyazuzisa, kodwa enengqondo.

Okokuqala, ukwehla kwentengo imali yephepha akusho ukuthi izindleko ukulahlekelwa nezinye izinto zakhe. Izinkampani ukuthi bakwazi ukulondoloza ukukhiqizwa okunamandla izimo ukushaqeka okukhulu, abe izinjongo ukunakwa zimali angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo.

Okwesibili, isimo yamemezela ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu zayo ngesikhathi ekhululwa abakweletwayo ecasulayo futhi singagxila imikhakha ethembisa kakhulu emnothweni. Okuzenzakalelayo - ithuba elikhulu ukuqala "ishidi elimhlophe." Ngesikhathi esifanayo ababolekisi akanandaba ucabanga sokufa, kunalokho, ithambekele bezimisele ukusiza okweletayo ukuze ke uthole imali yakho, okungenani ingxenye.

ukuqagela

It engavumi ukududuzwa zezomnotho izakhamuzi ezivamile, saveza ezicini ezinhle nkinga, kodwa umuntu ozihambela emigwaqeni kungukuthi ekhuthaza amathemba ukulahlekelwa imali, solvency sinciphile kwezinga lempilo labantu. Wayekhathazekile ngendlela yombuzo ophathelene nokuthi ukwehla kwentengo imali, izimo kwenzeka ngaphansi kwazo, futhi yini okufanele uyenze ukuze uthole kulesi simo bathinteka. Nokho, izwe, kanye nomnotho wamazwe, naphezu yinkimbinkimbi sobala, wenza isimiso kahle elula. Ukuzinza amandla wokuthenga kanye funa ithonya izici, okungathi uma oyifunayo, omunye angafunda ezivela emithonjeni evulekile. Usayizi we-GDP, izinqolobane angaphandle, ukubaluleka izikweletu zangaphandle kanye ezifuywayo, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, Dynamics izinguquko zabo - ngalezi zinkomba macroeconomic lukhulu. Lapha yonke into e umkhaya ovamile: uma imali engaphezu it ZUZA ke kuyaye kamuva balahlekelwe ukuzethemba abantu abakweletwayo futhi Ukuphahlazeka kwenzeka. Uma isimo sishintshile - ungakwazi ukulala ngokuthula.