Izinto ezingokwemvelo nokusetshenziswa kwawo e-Spain

Spain - lizwe amahle ngokumangalisayo ahlukahlukene European ozinakekelayo ingcebo yawo engokwemvelo. Lapho itholakala uHulumeni? Yini namaminerali ocebile eSpain?

izimo zemvelo kanye nemithombo yezwe zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Lokhu kwavumela Spain ukuthuthukisa ngempumelelo neziyinkimbinkimbi ezimbonini, kanye ukuthatha indawo yayo efanele phakathi amazwe anikeza ezokuvakasha ezimakethe zomhlaba.

UMbuso Spain: ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana lizwe

España (igama wezwe ngeSpanishi) - geqe elise yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, ngobukhulu e-Europe. Lwekuphatfwa ngalokuyimphumelelo, izwe ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda 17 ezizimele futhi kuhlanganisa izifundazwe 50. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSpain subordinated eziningi okuthiwa izindawo eNgophezukonke (amatoll plaza de soberania). Basuke etholakala eNyakatho Afrika nase-lubhekisele oLwandle iMedithera.

Unyaka zombuso waseSpain isisekelo imizuzu 1515. Namuhla Amalungu (ngokomthethosisekelo) ohlanga.

Spain, izimo zemvelo kanye nemithombo okuyinto zihlukene ngokwanele, kwaphela iminyaka eminingi labetibambile emazweni amabili phezulu kule jikelele izinga lokukhula komnotho emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe eYurophu umkhiqizi elikhulu imikhiqizo yezolimo. Lapha it is ngempumelelo ekuthuthukiseni nokukhiqiza izitshalo, nemfuyo, viticulture, kanye izindawo zokudoba.

izimo zemvelo kanye nemithombo of Spain (kafushane)

Kwezinye sezulu uhlala labantu kuleli zwe? Ezahlukahlukene kwemithombo yemvelo Spain? Kafushane zama ukuphendula le mibuzo kulesi sigaba.

Spain - kwelinye lamazwe sezintaba kakhulu eYurophu. Mayelana 35% insimu yalo ikhona endaweni engamamitha amamitha angaphezu kuka-1,000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Nokho, iphakama liphezulu kakhulu engatholakali. Iphuzu esiphezulu ezwekazini Spanish - Mulhacén entabeni (3480 m).

Ngokuvamile, impumuzo isimo kungenziwa bachazwa futhi ngalendlela: central ephakeme futhi inamagquma cishe uzungezwe nxazonke by izintaba zokhahlamba ezihlukanisa ke kusukela elwandle. Izimfunda ezingasogwini lwe-e-Spain bahlale ezindaweni ezincane. Ngokuyinhloko, welule eduze ezinkulu emfuleni izigodi ogwini Mediterranean.

kwemithombo yemvelo sezulu ahlukile eSpain. Izwe kubhekwe njengento olufudumele futhi sunniest eYurophu. Inani eliyisilinganiso izinsuku sunny lapha zokhahlamba kusuka 260-280. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa thukela uwela ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa, futhi ehlobo thermometer ukuze akhuphukele ukuba 40 degrees Celsius. emifuleni ngobukhulu Spain sika - Tagus, Duero, Ebro futhi iGuadalquivir.

Spain imithombo yemvelo (amaminerali ngokukhethekile) kuwo wonke insimu yalo kuyinto engalingani kakhulu. Nge lesi sici, kuba impela inkinga yokwentuleka kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa ukungalingani kwezomnotho kwalelo zwe. Ngakho, engxenyeni esenyakatho Spain is more athuthukile ngokuphakeme ezimbonini, kanye eningizimu, kunalokho, kubhekwa emuva. Lapha kukhona ephakeme kakhulu ngoba Izinga labangasebenzi wezwe.

kwebalingisi eningiliziwe ezemvelo imvelo of Spain

Izinto ezingokwemvelo of Spain, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye isimo iplanethi, kufanele kuchazwe kwi schedule elandelayo:

• impumuzo;
• sezulu;
• amanzi yasekhaya;
• ikhava emhlabathini;
• yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene;
• amaminerali kanye geography;
• izimo zezomnotho nokuzilibazisa kwenza nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yendalo.

Ukuma futhi landscape ukwehluka

Spain uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi elinezintaba kakhulu eYurophu. Mayelana 90% insimu yalo imbozwe izintaba Amathafa. Cishe ingxenye ebusweni yeSpain - a Meseta ithafa (the ngobukhulu emasontweni aseYurophu). ingxenye Eastern yalo siqondile futhi embozwe ibhola elinzima yamadwala sedimentary. Kodwa ingxenye esentshonalanga ye-Meseta kakhulu dissected ngamaphutha kanye emfuleni izigodi.

Esikhathini enyakatho Meseta kukhawulwe ezintabeni Cantabria, okuyinto, zibuye phambili izintaba zasePyrenees. Lolu hlelo elinamandla entabeni siqukethe eziningana lamagquma parallel ubude amakhilomitha kuze kufinyelele 450. Izintaba zasePyrenees unqobe nzima kakhulu: zonke maqembu zitholakala endaweni engamamitha amamitha angaphezu kuka-1,500. Yingakho wonke nojantshi ukuthi ukuxhuma eSpain nakwamanye amazwe baseNtshonalanga Yurophu, ngokudlula lesi simiso entabeni bevela empumalanga noma evela entshonalanga. Ezindaweni ezimaphakathi of the Pyrenees ungathola amafomu esiqoshiwe umsuka glacial: izimoto, emasekisini kanye emikhombeni.

Esivela enyakatho-mpumalanga umphetho Meseta Sistema Ibérico. It is lapha isingathwe emifuleni eminingi emikhulu of Spain. Lona omunye ezifundeni okungenani ugcwale yezwe.

Eningizimu yeSpain, ngasogwini Mediterranean, esisuka ezintabeni Andalusia. Phakathi kwalezi, kukhona uxhaxha lwamangqamuzana Sierra Nevada kusukela iphuzu eziphakeme kakhulu kuleli zwe - esiqongweni Mulhacén. Ukuphakama Sierra Nevada kuphela-Alps ongancintisana eYurophu.

Plain Plain futhi hlala% 10 kuphela endaweni ingqikithi Spain. Bonke akhiwa ngezinto anesihlabathi, kodwa ngenxa yenhlabathi zabo - beba semathubeni kakhulu. Ehlanzeni ngobukhulu itholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe (Andalusia).

Relief ngokuvamile ukusiza ukuvikela imithombo yemvelo yeSpain futhi ingcebo yayo. Inamandla izintaba yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia ngokuvamile kudlalwa indima imingcele futhi okuthembekile insuperable, ukuvikela izwe kubahlaseli nobutha.

izici zezulu

Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu Spain ovela enyakatho-ntshonalanga kuya eningizimu-mpumalanga. okushisa Isilinganiso lapha buhluka imikhawulo ububanzi kusukela degrees 14 kuya ku-20. Ngu inani lezinsuku libalele ngonyaka, Spain abelana kwasekuqaleni eYurophu Greece.

Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo ngumgogodla izwe libhekene ethuthukisiwe ezwekazini. Zasehlobo ibavuthela nobusika obubanda - abandayo. "Ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu amakhaza futhi kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye isihogo" - ingenye amazwi ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabahlali ithafa Meseta.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwezulu nazo kokuqhathanisa abalulekile. ososayensi besimo sezulu evamile ihlukaniswe Spain ku "ezomile" futhi "zingabi manzi." Umngcele phakathi kwalezi zindawo ezimbili udabula izintaba Cantabria. Ngakho, phakathi "ezimanzi" Spain, ehlanganisa Basque Izwe, Galicia, Asturias futhi ingxenye izintaba zasePyrenees, imvula yonyaka alinganiselwa mayelana 900-1000 mm imvula. Ezinye izindaba zika-izwe ( "sula" Spain) akuyona kuka-500 mm imvula ngonyaka.

Izici of Natural Resources of Spain (ngokuyinhloko zezulu) ukudala ubunzima obukhulu ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo kanye yokuphakela amanzi nezindawo eziningi kulo lonke izwe. Babalelwa ku-60% we amazwe ososayensi isimo ukulinganisa njengoba eyomile.

amanzi Inland nekhava inhlabathi

Leli zwe umfula inethiwekhi sasivumela olunzulu. Nokho, iningi Spanish River ezahlukene amafishane futhi aqueous umbuso engazinzile. Abaningi babo engajulile ehlobo noma wome ngokuphelele. Ngaphandle Spain kwemithombo yemvelo kwamanzi kuthiwa Ukuboshelwa kakhulu basakaza ezweni lonke, okuholela Ukuhlanekezelwa okuphawulekayo amanzi lezifunda yayo ezahlukene.

Ikhava Inhlabathi Spain futhi zahlukahlukene kakhulu, ngenxa impumuzo eziyinkimbinkimbi, variegated isakhiwo Geological futhi kokuqhathanisa abalulekile zezulu. Ngakho, enyakatho ubuswa podzolic burozomy futhi Peat bogs entshonalanga - nenhlabathi azibukhali uhlobo eMedithera, futhi empumalanga e zaseBalearic Islands - eyomile Inhlabathi (burozomy futhi sierozems). Nenhlabathi evundile kakhulu tibheke emathafeni nezigodi nemifula emikhulu. Kuyinto kulezi zindawo yezwe kwezitshalo ithuthuka ngokushesha kakhulu.

Biota

Ukuze yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene isimo libhekene zinhlobo ukujula. Ngo floristically Spain ngokuphelele kubhekwa lizwe elicebe kunawo wonke eYurophu. amahlathi elikhulu ukumboza 30% we insimu yalo. Nokho, esikhathini esidlule base olukhudlwana.

Evergreen oki zikhule ezindaweni enyakatho ntshonalanga yezwe. Ezinkangala kwezinhlobo ezivamile ze-oki lezihlahla kanye beech, umlotha, usika izingcezu azidingayo ngokucophelela kanye birch. Ngaphakathi Amathafa engaphakathi Spain walondoloza amapheshana ezomile siluhlaza amahlathi nezihlahla. Semi-ehlane namathafa ingatholakala kwi-Aragon ithafa futhi eNew Castile.

Nezilwane of Spain zibonakala ngokucacile iminonjana izilwane zasendle European futhi Afrika. Lapha evamile Ibhere elinsundu, impisi, impungushe, Wild, izinyamazane, elezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ejwayelekile enkabeni nasentshonalanga Europe. ESpain ungathola ukhozi eyayinayo Genet futhi mongoose waseGibhithe. Konke lokhu zinhlobo zitholakala ngakolunye uhlangothi Strait of Gibraltar.

ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kunikezwa Spanish (noma Pyrenean) Lynx - esincelisayo eziyivelakancane emhlabeni. Akanalo engaphezu kwekhulu abantu kuze kube manje. It ihlangana le isilwane kuphela ezindaweni sezintaba eqhelile eningizimu yeSpain. Kusukela abavamile lynx yase-Iberia kukhona umbala ezincane futhi ngokucace nakakhulu.

Mineral izinsiza Spain: zokuhlola jikelele

Izwe akuyona phakathi abaholi umhlaba wonke ekuhlinzekweni izidubedube. namaminerali amaningi Spain has ukungenisa (okubalwa owezolimo). Nokho, embonini yezimayini lapha kahle, ikakhulukazi empumalanga eningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe.

Five amaminerali Spain ezibaluleke kakhulu kungenziwa wasibeka kanje:

• Nsimbi.
• Yamalahle.
• Yethusi.
• Hola.
• Mercury.

Nokho, iningi izinqolobane emkhakheni sika okulula nesizotha. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile, Spain kungenziwa ngokuthi sincike ukungena we izidubedube yezwe.

namaminerali Ore

Isimo, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ocebile amaminerali metallic. Ngokwesibonelo, eSpain wathola ezifakwa ocebile zinc, okuhola mercury manganese, futhi pyrites zethusi. Ubude izinqolobane yensimbi imikhando eSpain - yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 2.5 amathani. Enyakatho, zikhona izimali ezifakwa abalulekile ithini tungsten.

Ngo izinqolobane bokuthi uranium imikhando Spain endaweni yesibili eYurophu nase Mercury ezikhona - kwasekuqaleni emhlabeni. ezifakwa ocebile cinnabar zitholakala esifundazweni Ciudad Real futhi osebeni Baldeasage emfuleni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, yembathani Spain zinothile pyrite. Ikakhulukazi, basuke limbiwa emithambekeni aseningizimu Sierra Morena. Futhi eSpain, kukhona esitokisini isiliva, igolide, molybdenum futhi titanium.

Okokhelekayo namandla amaminerali nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa

Spanish indawo energy imithombo, maye, engacebile ngakho. ezifakwa Minor kwamalahle isakhiwa enyakatho yezwe (ezifundazweni Oviedo futhi Leon), e-Country Basque futhi Asturias. amalahle iSpanishi, izinga ngokuvamile ongaphakeme.

Amafutha e amanani elincane futhi kukhiqizwa Catalonia Burgos, igesi yemvelo - e-Aragon futhi Cádiz. izinqolobane uhlole gas eSpain akuzona cubic metres ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili.

Kukhona izinqolobane mikhulu potassium nosawoti, ubumba refractory, kaolin futhi fluorspar. Ngo eziningi izifundazwe of Spain (Galicia, Asturias, Valencia, Guadalajara nabanye) ngenkuthalo ukhiqiza izinto zokusetshenziswa for embonini yezokwakha. Lokhu dolomite limestone, zemabula umcako izinga kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu.

Izinto ezingokwemvelo nokusetshenziswa kwawo e-Spain

Ngezenzo ukusebenzisa izinto zemvelo ngezinga ezimbonini waqala eSpain engxenyeni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili wesibili. Ngaphambi kwalokho, izwe wahlala ampofu isimo nezokulima. ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo futhi ukuhlolwa ezanele izimo zemvelo kanye nemithombo of Spain bavunyelwe ibe izwe zezimboni-kwezolimo, okuyinto mayelana nokuthuthuka yayo zezimboni akuyona kunabayeni emazweni amaningi aseYurophu.

Namuhla, Spain kahle izimayini athuthukile, zendwangu, okulungisa ukudla, shipbuilding, kanye namandla okunye. Kwezolimo, isitshalo wezwe oqavile. Lapha, ukolweni, ilayisi, ummbila, ibhali, iminqumo, izinsuku, namahalananda kanye nezinye izitshalo. Ezindaweni ezinesomiso ezifuywa ngempumelelo izimvu nezimbuzi, futhi enyakatho - izinkomo. ukudoba eba ezindaweni ezisogwini. Spain uphakathi emazweni okuyishumi okuphezulu ekubambeni futhi sicubungula izinhlanzi.

Spain kanye nezokuvakasha

Spain iyona isikhungo ngobukhulu kwezokuvakasha kwabamazwe ngamazwe. abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi kuleli zwe baqashwe kule mkhakha emnothweni kazwelonke. Spain evakashela ngonyaka izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe abayizigidi ezingu-50.

Ethandwa kakhulu ezindaweni resort Spain: Costa Brava, Costa Blanca futhi eCanary Islands. The main izikhungo izivakashi yezwe - Barcelona, Madrid, Bilbao futhi Valencia. idolobha Kugcine buya ngokuya ithandwa kakhulu izivakashi kanye nabahamba. Lokhu lula zalo ezikhangayo eziningi, izikhumbuzo zomlando kanye lathumela, iminyuziyamu kanye nemithombo yemvelo zokungcebeleka Valencia.

Spain futhi isikhungo enkulu nomkhosi European. Adume Seville Fair, Carnival ezimibalabala e Cádiz noLa Tomatina e Buñol ngokuzithandela wavakashela yizivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba.

isiphetho

Insimu Kingdom of Spain unothile kakhulu zemvelo: amaminerali, nophethiloli, isimo sezulu kanye yemvelo. Izwe has a, sezulu esipholile efudumele futhi esidayisa abanzi ulwandle.

Ukufaka esikalini kwezomnotho kwezimiso zemvelo kanye nemithombo of Spain impela high. Kususelwa kubo, ngempumelelo ekuthuthukiseni izimayini, amandla isizukulwane, ezokulima kanye nezokungcebeleka ngokuthi zokuhlalisa izivakashi.