Umasipala - a ... Omasipala eMoscow. Inhloko umasipala

KaMasipala Authority - okwakuvela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwenkanyezi izinhlangano zezombusazwe. Bona ezakho isimo iziphathimandla, kodwa zenzelwe kutsi balawule ngemphumelelo izimpilo zezakhamuzi.

Kuyini umasipala

"UMasipala" - lena umbhalo ngokuqondile Munizipalitaet isiJalimane, kwakhiwa, esikhundleni salokho, kusukela Latin municipium - idolobha ukuthi unelungelo ukuzithiba. Leli gama kahle amiswa isiRashiya, abe ukuqokwa elula ezindaweni lapho ukugxila umsebenzi neziphathimandla zendawo.

Phesheya ngaphansi kukamasipala ngokuvamile siqondwa njengoba Izilawuli ezinjalo (ezifana City Hall). Ngokomthetho eside okuphoqelela eRussia senziwe 2003 nge ukwamukelwa yomthetho "On izimiso jikelele bendawo ukuzibusa." imiqondo enjalo iye ethulwe njengendlela "umasipala", "wesifunda" kanti "wesifunda". Kanye incazelo yase-elithi, IRussia nencazelo yalo ezingeni lesifunda. Kwamanye amadolobha, abaphathi bakaMasipala kukhona izinhlangano ezingokomthetho. The main umthombo engenayo ngoba iziphathimandla zendawo - izintela, abangenela izakhamuzi ephethwe idolobha noma izwe. Umasipala kufanele amabhizinisi ayo, izimali kanye nempahla.

Inhloko Umasipala

ukuphathwa kukaMasipala, ngokomthetho isiRashiya, ithwala esiphiwe isikhulu sokulwelwa kwamalungelo akhethekile. It has a ivolumu amandla ukuze uxazulule izinkinga olubaluleke wendawo. Inhloko kamasipala abakhethwe izakhamuzi okhethweni noma umaziphathe wendawo kahulumeni omele.

Imisebenzi yaso ziphendula futhi kulawulwa izakhamuzi. umsebenzi Its main - isethulo amayunithi kamasipala ngokuhlanganyela nezinye bentando zendawo, izikhonzi zikahulumeni, ngabanye ezizimele kanye nezinkampani. Futhi, ufanelwe ukuba isignesha kanye ukushicilelwa izenzo zomthetho ezamukelwe ngu umzimba kuvakashe ummeleli wendlunkulu lohulumeni basekhaya. INhloko umasipala kungamane kubhekwe yinkantolo uma inkambo kokuzwa esunguliwe ukuthi umsebenzi womuntu alihambisani isimiso esiyinhloko zokuziphatha - ukungabi khona nomthetho.

isakhiwo ukuzibusa eMoscow

Moscow - a emzini ukubaluleka sikahulumeni. Uhlelo ukuzibusa yenhloko-dolobha isiRashiya imithetho yendawo. Omasipala eMoscow - ke imfundo kwamadolobha (County, nemizana). Imingcele phakathi babo elibekwe ikhumbula umlando, amasiko endawo, ezindawo, kanye ngokucacile senhlalo nesomnotho ezindaweni.

Umasipala unquma yezinkinga zendawo, kodwa ingxoxo kufanele kwenzeke kucatshangelwa izithakazelo emnothweni zasemadolobheni kanye zonke izakhamuzi zaseMoscow. By the way, asetshenziswa njengoba imigomo okulingana umkhuba zezomthetho iziphathimandla zendawo we dolobha igama elithi "kamasipala" futhi "wendawo". Zamaphini zezifunda endawo eMoscow ngokuvamile uxhumana abakhileyo kulezi zindawo abaziphathisiwe futhi ngesisekelo emihlanganweni yakha wamanje nezindaba ukuphathwa. Manje inhlokodolobha kukhona omasipala abangaphezu kuka-140.

Izici zomasipala eMoscow

Phakathi izindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu ezihlobene wendawo ukuzibusa enhloko-dolobha Russian - kulondolozwe amagugu amasiko, Izitolo okudayisa emthethweni futhi umsebenzi engadini komuzi. On the "wedolobha elikhulu" amazinga uhulumeni waphasisa amasimu amasha lebhalwe eMoscow ngo-2012 (omasipala yangaphambili esifundeni eMoscow). Ikakhulukazi, amalungu iziphathimandla zendawo banikwa negunya ukulawula umsebenzi wokulungisa emakhaya, e ngamamitha, enikeza imvume yokuba le ukwakhiwa emagalaji. Iningi amaphrojekthi ezihlobene ekwakheni izakhiwo, kokuba esihlelwe ne amasekela kamasipala.

Indima ebalulekile abaholi bendawo nabaphathi ukudlala ekubhekaneni nezindaba eziphathelene zikahulumeni. Umasipala - liphinde isihloko kwezombusazwe yedolobha noma County. Okhethweni lemeya eMoscow, okwenzeka ngo-2013, kwaba khona umthetho ukuthi umfundi kufanele kusekelwe yiphini okungenani 110 aphume 110 komasipala bamadolobha amakhulu. Abanye ochwepheshe nomuzwa wokuthi le indlela kufanele Zikhipha le contender kokuthunyelwe leMeya, abangalwazi namaqiniso eMoscow.

Ibhajethi komasipala

Kumiswa kwesabelomali iziphathimandla zendawo kakhulu efana inqubo ezingeni sikahulumeni. Nokho, kunomehluko. Isabelomali sikamasipala yakhiwa izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko - nezindleko mural namarisidi uhlu. Uma lokhu kusilela kulindeleke ukuthi bamake imithombo isinxephezelo yayo. ERussia, kukhona amazinga amathathu eyinhloko komasipala: nemizana nezifunda ezisemadolobheni.

In ngamunye kubo - ngezabelomali zabo siqu, kodwa inqubo lasungulwa ingase eziqhutshwa kwakuwukuthi - endaweni ucela uhlu ngayinye izindleko zokuhlala, bese uzindla ngawo isabelomali ayo, yakha uhlelo elihlanganisiwe zezimali. Omasipala ukuthola inzuzo kusuka izintela nezimali, impahla kamasipala, inzuzo amabhizinisi, kanye nokudluliswa oludlulele.

izimali zomasipala

Izimali amabhajethi lwendawo e impahla kamasipala. Lokho, kulesi sizwe ungenakho ukufinyelela iziphathimandla zikahulumeni kahulumeni noma lesifunda. Ngaphezu imithombo ngenhla womnotho amabhajethi lohulumeni basekhaya, nokuphuma kwemali kungase kuhilele uxhaso, izibonelelo, kanye notshwala zezimali ezivela inkambo inetha. Ngokuvamile kamasipala isabelomali izimali kungenziwa ekhiqizwa kusukela ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko eyahlukene. Okokuqala, kubalulekile, njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, izintela kanye nezimali (basuke benza e izidumbu ummeleli we omasipala ngokuvumelana neziqondiso yomthetho kahulumeni). Okwesibili, okubizwa ngokuthi iholo zokulawula - federal, intela kahulumeni kanye nezinye izinkokhelo, kusukela isabelomali wendawo uthola kumaphesenti athile e izimali (ngokuvamile UTII, izinkampani intela, intela yomhlaba). Okwesithathu, kukhona okuthiwa "non-intela" izinkokhelo ezihlanganisa izimali siqu amabhajethi wendawo.

Kubamba lichaza kwemphakatsi ekushayeni umsebenzi komasipala

umsebenzi ngempumelelo neziphathimandla zendawo buvezwa sihileleke ngezinga elingakanani e izakhamuzi kuwo. Kufanele wazi ukuthi lo masipala. Lena - inkomba yokuthi ekukhuleni komphakathi. Izakhamuzi emadolobheni kanye izifunda kufanele bangene bagamanxe izinqumo Tikhungo letinyenti tahulumende wasekhaya. Uma ingakwenzi lokho, khona-ke uqala kwandise izingxabano kwezenhlalo, abantu ungaqala bephikisana umsebenzi neziphathimandla zendawo. Ekhuluma ezisemqoka ezithuthukisa zomasipala, njengoba izazi zikholelwa okufanele kwenzeke ngaphansi kohlaka izimvo zomphakathi.

I ukuxhumana phakathi kwezakhamizi kanye iziphathimandla, ngale ndlela kuzovumela, okokuqala kunakho konke, ukuze bagweme ukungqubuzana okuthile kwezinzuzo. Isikhathi esining impela, okuvela kuyo nobunzima lokukhulumisana ohulumeni bakaMasipala nomphakathi kungenxa izinga abampofu Imininingwane isebenze kuqala. Ebalulekile ngempumelelo izimvo zomphakathi - pre-ukwelashwa, sicela abantu zengqondo mayelana nalolo daba kubani.

Izinselelo ezibhekene komasipala

UMasipala amandla anikezwe umthetho, kuthiwa kwahambisana by ibanga emigomweni, okuyinto iziphathimandla zendawo kufanele ulalele. Abakwazi zingahlukaniswa izigaba eziningana. Okokuqala, kungaba ukuqala phansi kwenqubomgomo kahulumeni (isibonelo, ukusebenza Russian umongameli izimiso). Okwesibili, ukwenza ngcono ukulethwa kwezinsizakalo zikamasipala. Okwesithathu, ukuba sikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho ezindaweni ze aphathiswa neziphathimandla zendawo (isib, ukudalwa kwamathuba emisebenzi, isekelo lamarhwebo ebhizinisi). Ngo kusinye okukhulunywa kukhona inkinga sezindaweni ezithile kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, kwenza ngcono imodeli kwezomnotho kamasipala ungakwazi ukubhekana nezindaba kokusebenzisa imali ngempumelelo izimali mali, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo - ukusebenza ukulethe izifundo endawo nqubomgomo kuhlobane ngokuqondile uhulumeni - izinkampani ezizimele kanye osomabhizinisi. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi yemfanelo eyinhloko umasipala - Kugcwaliseka imizamo ebalulekile emphakathini futhi ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuphila yezakhamuzi.

isipiliyoni angaphandle

Kanjani igunya kamasipala phesheya? Ebhekisela isibonelo laseFinland engumakhelwane. Umasipala Suomi izwe - sikhungo ezibaluleke kakhulu zomphakathi, omunye zontathu izigaba zikahulumeni (kanye enkabeni yesifunda). Iyunithi eyinhloko iziphathimandla zendawo eFinland - okubizwa ngokuthi communes. Ziyashiyashiyana kakhulu ngobukhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, Helsinki, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi 588 ayizinkulungwane. Man, kanye ezincane Baltic kwesinye isiqhingana esigcwele sottunga elinabantu izakhamizi 120, komasipala ngokomthetho alinganayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho umehluko amalungelo phakathi komasipala nezindawo zasemaphandleni nezasemadolobheni.

Ukuze izwe libhekene kuyinqubo eyenzeka kancane kancane ka ukuhlanganisa komasipala: uma, isibonelo, 2001 kwakukhona 441, ngonyaka ka-2012 - komasipala 336 kuphela e-Finland bamunye Association of iziphathimandla ezindaweni nasensimini, wadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izwe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Finns Awekho izinhloko komasipala: imisebenzi yabo yenziwa abaphathi esiqashiwe. Zingase ukugcina post yakhe, ngisho noma indlela yokwakheka wendawo igunya umkhandlu ushintsho.