Emzini ukubaluleka sikahulumeni. Abantu abajwayele ukuvakasha kuyona imizi ukubaluleka sikahulumeni. Idolobha ukubaluleka yase-Russian Federation

Ukwamukelwa ngo-1993, unyaka soMthethosisekelo, izimiso sokuhlanganiswa isimo isakhiwo sikahulumeni okuqaliswe kumiswa isakhiwo esisha ohlelweni - kwamandla isimo izifundo. Be izakhi izakhiwo ichaze uMthetho Organic futhi isimiso endaweni ethize. Ngokuhambisana Art. 5 soMthethosisekelo njengengxenye isimo zikhona izifundo alinganayo: endaweni, esifundeni, idolobha sikahulumeni. Lesi sakamuva izakhi esithile isakhiwo nesimo sedivayisi. Yini lingumuzi ukubaluleka kahulumeni? Hlobo luni izifundo unaso lesi isimo? Mayelana nalesi kamuva esihlokweni.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

federal idolobha Russian - izihloko nge uhlobo oluthile izinhlaka zombuso zikamasipala. Ingxenye igunya kubo ngqo emizimbeni kwamandla wombuso esifundeni. Ngaphambili, kuze 2014, unyaka i-federal zokungcebeleka muzi kwakunezakhamuzi. Ngokwalokhu esesixoxe ngakho ezisandakwenzeka eCrimea, isimo sesishintshile. Ngokuhambisana Art. 65 yoMthetho Basic abakuzuzile isimo federal komuzi izifundo ezintathu ayingxenye isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, efana isimo esifundeni akuyona ingxenye yezwe. Ngaphansi Isivumelwano International ne Kazakhstan kusukela 1995, unyaka esikhathini we sokuqasha eziyinkimbinkimbi we cosmodrome Baikonur has a isimo esifanayo. Kulokhu, isihloko akuyona ngokusemthethweni ingxenye yeRussia. Ngakho, kuthiwa ayetfulwanga yayo executive emizimbeni e isakhiwo kumshini isimo ezweni. Ngenxa yalokho izenzakalo YaseCrimea futhi elalibalandela emva inhlolovo ngo-2014 ngo-March 18 usayine isivumelwano ne-republic kancane neyaziwayo eCrimea. Ngokusho sanikwa isimo Sevastopol emzini ukubaluleka yase-Russian Federation. Ngokusho Art. 77 soMthethosisekelo isakhiwo ukulawula yezihloko bebodwa ihlelwe ngokuvumelana elotshwe uMthetho Basic, nasezimisweni jikelele amadivaysi uhlelo. Yilokhu kubangelwa izici zomthethosisekelo nezomthetho possessed iziphathimandla (zomthetho esiphezulu), amadolobha sikahulumeni.

Imininingwane zomlando

Kokumethemba amadolobha esikhethekile kubhekwe njengento ekhona Russian Empire Gradonachalstva. Yiziphi? Kukulo muzi ukuzihlanganisa izifundazwe isimo sabo esithile eklanywe njengomumo womhlaba noma ukubaluleka, kanye nemibiko ngqo kuNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi. Ngemva kwalokho Gradonachalstva abaphenduka. Ngemva Okthoba Revolution, lezi zokwakheka abangu kwavala (kabusha esifundeni noma izifunda). Ngo-1931, ngonyaka wesishiyagalolunye wokuba Leningrad naseMoscow, imizi emibili emikhulu eSoviet Union, zabuye ihlukaniswe amayunithi ahlukene kwakuwukuthi republic. Lokhu isimo ngo-1948, wathola Sevastopol, bese ngo-1987 - Leninsk. Ngemva kokuphindela eSoviet Union yaphela, i-Leningrad futhi eMoscow ukwamukela isimo izifundo ezizimele kanye nemizi ukubaluleka sikahulumeni. Bagcina Ukraine Sevastopol ngokuhambisana division yayo zokuphatha kuyinto uphiko oluyisipesheli. Nokho, ne ukwamukelwa yamuva eCrimea Russian , wayebuye abe emzini ukubaluleka sikahulumeni. Njengoba for emzini Baikonur, kuba njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, libhekisela Republic of Kazakhstan. Ngaphansi komthetho yayo, muzi isimo obaluleke kakhulu ezweni.

endaweni intracity

Lolu hlobo kumiswa kamasipala yasungulwa ngo 2006 .. Kuyinto ifomu ezimele yenhlangano. Ngaphakathi kwemingcele kamasipala lohulumeni basekhaya ayisebenzisa ngayo labantu ngokuqondile noma ngokusebenzisa imizimba kuqokwa kanye nezinye. Ezilawulwayo yimibandela ukulawula uMthetho Basic, Charter kwaleso sifundvo lubuye kamasipala. Ukwakheka kuhlanganisa 146 eMoscow ezifana amayunithi ezimele. Phakathi kwabo, 21 125 izifunda kanye isiphetho. Petersburg, ingqikithi amayunithi 11. Lezi zilimi zazihlanganisa nemizana 30 no-81 wesifunda.

Moscow - umuzi ukubaluleka federal

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndawo ine ezinye izici zemithetho kanye nomthethosisekelo. Ikakhulu, ihlanganisa inhlangano isimo-federal komuzi, inhloko-dolobha yezwe, ezenziwa langempela umsebenzi isikhungo ensimini. Kulokhu, endaweni has ezinye izici kamasipala. Njengoba isibalo eMoscow yiyona idolobha elikhulu kunawo futhi isihloko Russia. Nazi izitho kahle kwemandla embuso yezwe (ngaphandle eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo), Amanxusa emazweni ahlukahlukene angaphandle, emahhovisi oyinhloko we amabhizinisi ngobukhulu, indlunkulu izinhlangano zomphakathi. E-Moscow, kwakhiwa uhlelo lohulumeni basekhaya.

Mfushane Umlando

Ukuguqulwa waqala e-isigamu 2nd le-13 leminyaka. Ngaleso sikhathi, eMoscow elaba isikhungo i ubukhulu ezimele. Ukukhula nokuthuthuka insimu nomthelela indawo lapho kwakuphambana khona imizila emikhulu yokuhweba ngempela. Ngekhulu le-14 ensimini ka eMoscow isibe ebanzi. Ubethula wajoyina Mozhaisk futhi Kolomna principalities. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke izinga lokubaluleka yedolobha njengoba isikhungo yenkolo enkulu ngokusebenzisa ukusungulwa bhishobhi eMoscow, futhi ukudluliswa yokuhlala basemasontweni. Ngekhulu le-15, endaweni aluthola isimo esisha. Ngaleso sikhathi, eMoscow yaba inhloko-dolobha umbuso omkhulu wokuqala eRussia bese esihlanganisiwe isimo Russian. isimo Capital alahlekelwa 1712. Naphezu kwalokhu, eMoscow kwaba indawo wokugcotshwa sababusi. isimo Capital abuya yokunqoba Bolshevism ngo-1920 futhi kusaqhubeka nanamuhla.

idolobha Federal Petersburg

Lokhu kuncike - wokuphatha, isikhungo ezimbonini esifundeni North-West. Petersburg babe iziphathimandla eziphakeme of Leningrad Region. It yasungulwa ngu uPeter Omkhulu e-1703, unyaka ama-27 kuMrhayili. Umuzi weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo, Interparliamentary Omhlangano CIS oyilungu, Heraldic Council. Petersburg, futhi izindlu yindlunkulu umyalo Navy kanye Military Forces of the Western Military District.

Ingemuva

Petersburg, sekube linemibhikisho ezintathu. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, le nsimu wavinjezelwa izinsuku ezingu-900, kwaphumela ekufeni kwezingane abayizigidi ezingu-1.5. Man. Ngo-1965, yena yanikezelwa isimo "Hero City". Petersburg kunazo edolobheni elisenyakatho elinabantu abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi. Indawo athatha izwe labakwa-- 1439 sq. km. Saint Petersburg - omunye izikhungo ebaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho, ezamasiko kanye kwesayensi yezwe, omunye Izikhumulo ezokuthutha ngobukhulu. Isikhungo esingokomlando kanye izakhiwo ezizungezile zifakwe uhlu ifa UNESCO.