ImpiloImithi

Umchamo ukuhlaziywa: izinhlobo nezindlela zokuqoqa

Yiqiniso, iningi lethu zidlulile umchamo esikhathini esithile ekuphileni kwabo. Phela, ngisho ingane uyazi ukuthi imiphumela usizo cwaningo ukuhlonza izifo ezithize noma ukulawula isimo sabo. Ngakho-ke, umchamo uba i "ithuluzi" kubalulekile uphethwe basemtholampilo empilweni yomuntu.

Nokho, ulwazi eyatholakala kusukela kuhlaziya kungase kuxhomeke indlela lokuqoqa izinto. Yiziphi izinhlobo umchamo ukuhlolwa nezici zabo zikhona, sizobheka kulesi sihloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, thola ukuthi ukuqoqa kahle futhi ukuthutha impahla ucwaningo.

Kungani lo wenze oku?

Okokuqala ake uchaze ukuthi udinga ukuthatha isampula umchamo laboratory:

  • Ukuze uhlolele izifo noma pheshana urinary nezifo. Izimpawu kulesi simo zingase zishintshe kakhulu: a bad iphunga umchamo, ubuhlungu ngesikhathi ukuchama, igazi ukungcola, ubuhlungu flank, nabanye.
  • Ukuze ukuqapha isimo izifo ezihlukahlukene ezinjengesifo sikashukela ezinso, pheshana urinary nezifo, umfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye ezinye izinso kanye esibindini.
  • Ukuze behlolwa njalo is bawenza ukuhlolwa umchamo, ebheka izinhlobo kudokotela.

Indlela ukulungiselela?

  • Ngaphambi uphase isampula umchamo, akufanele udle ukudla ezingaba ibala ke. Okungukuthi, amajikijolo, beet, rhubarb nabanye.
  • Musa ukuchitha ukuqeqeshwa sithuthukiswe ngaphambi cwaningo.
  • Ukuze abesifazane kubalulekile ukuthi utshele udokotela wakho mayelana imijikelezo kokuya esikhathini. Uma kudingekile, uchwepheshe ngeke ukuhlehlisa izinsuku urinalysis ambalwa. Izinhlobo nezindlela yokuqhuba isifundo esinjalo aqokwa ngamunye.
  • udokotela wakho okwelaphayo ingase futhi akucele ukuba ukuthatha imithi ngesikhathi ezithinta umbala umchamo (ngokuvamile B amavithamini, "rifampicin" futhi "Phenytoin").
  • Uma uphuza isisu, qiniseka ukuthi utshele udokotela wakho. Ngoba kakhulu ezithinta imiphumela yocwaningo.

Manje funda ngokucophelela indlela olwenziwa ukuhlolwa umchamo, yiziphi izinhlobo nezindlela kweqoqo.

Express Test

Indlela esheshayo ukuhlola umchamo wakho ukuhlolwa okusheshayo. It is olwenziwa ngaphansi kohlaka survey kuhlelwe (ehhovisi udokotela umndeni noma ukungena esibhedlela), noma phezu ukuthola iziguli ubuhlungu besisu, isisu noma emuva. Yenza enjalo ekuhlaziyweni kungenzeka usebenzisa emapheshana ekhethekile ngamasimu emincane anemibala, okumele egxilile isitsha imizuzwana embalwa. Udokotela wabe eqhathanisa umbala umchamo Amasimu wombala ukunquma isimo salo. a kuphela onguchwepheshe angakwazi ukubona ukuthi lapho uketshezi lokuhlushwa kubonisa ukuphambuka yayo kusukela kuyinsakavukela.

ukuhlolwa Olwenziwe lizosiza ukukhomba izinkinga ezilandelayo:

  • okusezingeni eliphezulu amaprotheni ezingeni ukuthi iba nephritis uphawu (ukuvuvukala kwezinso);
  • Ukuthola ushukela umchamo ketone futhi - uphawu ushukela komfutho;
  • leukocyte futhi nitrites ukhombise ukubonakala obenesifo.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lesi ukuhlaziywa lingagunyaziwe njalo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthi luhlole egunjini lokucwaninga esibhedlela.

Clinical (jikelele) ucwaningo

Lolu hlobo lwe-ukuhlaziywa kuyingxenye wokuhlola isimiso kwenziwe noma ngaphambi kokungena esibhedlela. Ngokuyinhloko, isetshenziswa ukuthola imbangela izifo isibindi, izinso, ngomgudu womchamo ukutheleleka futhi opha ohlelweni urinary. It angasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa umphumela okungafanele ukuhlolwa okusheshayo. ukuhlaziywa Okugcwele siqhutshwa e-laboratory, ngokuvamile ngezinyathelo 3:

  1. Ukuhlolwa umbala kanye lokuhlushwa umchamo (nezici zabo ezingokomzimba).
  2. I amakhemikhali ukwakheka ketshezi, okuyindawo ehlanganisa eziningana ukuhlolwa eyengeziwe ngoba pH, amaprotheni, i-glucose, ketones, igazi, bilirubin, nitrite, urobilinogen futhi leukocyte esterase.
  3. Ochwepheshe kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini izinhlobo ukuhlolwa umchamo for amagciwane ngesibonakhulu.

Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ukusiza ukukhomba izinkinga ezilandelayo:

  • okusezingeni eliphezulu igazi cholesterol;
  • ukuthola ukhonkolo urinary izobonisa ukuthuthukiswa isifo so-renal;
  • Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa ambalwa of umchamo engenziwa ukuze usize ekutholweni sebuningini iziyaluyalu eqondiwe njengokulanda endocrine neziyaluyalu, umdlavuza wesinye, ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo kanye porphyria (iqembu iziyaluyalu kubangelwa ukungalingani kwamakhemikhali).

Uma udokotela likhombe e isifundo emitholampilo noma iyiphi ngeziphambeko kusukela kuyinsakavukela ke kutuswa isiguli enjalo ihlaziya umchamo for ukutheleleka: Nechiporenko ukuhlaziywa kanye Zimnitskiy ukuhlaziywa.

Ukuhlaziya ngu nechyporenko

Lokhu ukuhlolwa laboratory eyayiqhutshwa ukucacisa okuqukethwe 1 ml umchamo ezimhlophe igazi amangqamuzana, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu futhi uMbhalo, ukuhlola isimo ngomgudu womchamo abese nezinso. Lolu hlobo lwe-ukuhlaziywa lomisiwe izinkomba ezilandelayo:

  • hematuria esicashile (igazi umchamo);
  • ukuqapha ukuphathwa ngempumelelo;
  • ukuvuvukala afihlekile nezinso ngomgudu womchamo.

Ukuhlaziywa ngu Nechiporenko kucace kakhulu, kunezinye izinhlobo ukuhlolwa umchamo. Indlela ukuqoqa ukwaziswa, cabangela lokhu okulandelayo:

  • eve kufanele uyeke ukuphuza utshwala, izithelo nemifino, okuyinto ukushintsha umbala umchamo;
  • ukuqoqa isidingo ukuthenga izinqubo inhlanzeko;
  • uzilungiselele esitsheni ihlanzekile futhi yomile iqoqwe akukho kuka 20-30 ml umchamo ekuseni;
  • ukuletha laboratory kubalulekile amahora ama-2.

Amanani Okuvamile:

  • leukocyte - 2000 1 ml of umchamo;
  • erythrocyte - 1000;
  • amasilinda - 20.

Urinalysis ngoba Zimnitskiy

Lolu hlobo locwaningo uhlukile. Kuyasiza ukuhlola isimo nezinso ukuhlonza i-ukuhluleka usaqala kwezitho, kanye ukulandela okubakhona isifo.

Izinkomba kwalolu hlobo cwaningo:

  • glomerulonephritis ezingamahlalakhona;
  • sikashukela;
  • izimpawu ukwehluleka kwezinso;
  • abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo senhliziyo;
  • pyelonephritis okungamahlalakhona (izinso ukuvuvukala).

Yiqiniso, ukuhlolwa umchamo, izinhlobo, izindlela iqoqo kwehluke ukuxilongwa ngamunye. impahla Ukuqoqa ucwaningo ku Zimnitskiy kudingeka ngokucophelela. Kufanele ukulungiselela izimbiza eziyisishiyagalombili ehlanzekile nsuku uphawu inombolo ukuchama (1, 2, 3 kanye nokunye). Kumele uqale lokuqoqa at 6.00 ekuseni bese njalo ngemuva kwamahora amathathu. Khumbula ukuthi uthele umchamo esitsheni akuvunyelwe nakancane. Ngaphambi ethutha laboratory ukubeka iziqukathi esiqandisini. Zama ngalolu suku ukulondoloza imodi yayo evamile futhi ukudla. Ungakhohlwa ngemikhuba inhlanzeko, ukuze izimbiza kwakungafanele amagciwane ayingozi namagciwane.

Imiphumela yocwaningo ngesikhathi ukuphambuka kusuka kuyinsakavukela:

  • nokwehlisa isihlobo kwabantu umchamo ngalinye ekukhonzeni (ngezansi 1020 g / l) likhombisa kwezinso futhi inhliziyo ukwehluleka exacerbation pyelonephritis;
  • high density (ngaphezu kuka-1035 g / L) kungenzeka i-nokwahlukana yashesha kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, glomerulonephritis esingamahlalakhona noma sibi kanye nesifo sikashukela.

Ukuhlaziywa ngu Kakovskomu-Addis. Amburzhe indlela

Ingabe ngokuvamile eyenziwa izinhlobo ezinjalo umchamo ezinganeni, ngoba kulula ukusebenzisa ngisho izingane kuze iminyaka 3. Yabela iziguli uma uzingela kwezinso ekuhlolweni jikelele uma kukhona izinsolo ku ukubukeka izinso kanye ngomgudu womchamo izifo, kanye ukulawula enemininingwane phezu ukugeleza isifo kakade sitholakale.

Imiphumela Ucwaningo ezisiza ekuboneni nesenzakalo ukuvuvukala (cystitis, pyelonephritis futhi glomerulonephritis), futhi ukusebenza ukulawula nezinso ngomgudu womchamo.

Ukuqoqa ukwaziswa kuhlaziywe nge izindlela ezimbili:

  • amahora 12;
  • emini.

Yini emelelwa imbewu?

Yini enye engingabuye ukuhlolwa umchamo? Izinhlobo nezindlela zocwaningo, kuxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko. Zokuhlwanyela wenziwa ukuze ubone uma kukhona amagciwane noma amagciwane ayingozi, kanye ukucacisa imibono yabo.

Embizeni laboratory afakwe esitsheni umchamo. Khona-ke, ipuleti encane nge naphakathi ukukhula kwezilwanyana ezincane ibekwe ku isampuli futhi uvalwe uphawu. Ngokulandelayo, ukubeka isitsha i incubator izinsuku 2. Uma umchamo uba, isikhunta noma amagciwane, kuyokhula kakhulu phakathi nalesi sikhathi.

Uma amagciwane cwaningo atholakele, isiguli ukucacisa uhlobo kwamaphilisi okudingekayo ukuze kunqandwe kubo.

Urinalysis ngoba Sulkovichu

Lolu hlobo locwaningo isetshenziswa njenge sivivinyo Ukuhlolwa ukuze ekuhlonzweni kwezifo endocrine ne-calcium umzimba iziyaluyalu. Ukuze uthole imiphumela esinembile, odokotela batusa ukuba sihlaziye angadli ubisi kanye nenyama imikhiqizo, izithelo nemifino, niphuze itiye nekhofi. Zama ukufaka ekudleni kuphela okusanhlamvu, iphekwé ngamanzi.

Ngaphambi kokuqoqa umchamo ulandele lezi zincomo:

  • Angithandi ukudla amahora ayi-8, izingane - 6 amahora;
  • ulandele inhlanzeko ka ubulili zitho, ukuze isampuli umchamo abakutholanga amagciwane;
  • indaba okufanele eqoqwe esitsheni oyinyumba wayiswa esibhedlela.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zelabhorathri, ochwepheshe ungeze ku umchamo reagent Sulkovicha, ozokusiza anqume inani calcium bilirubin.

ukuhlaziywa nsuku zonke

Lokhu yokuhlola ukuqoqa umchamo emini ngekulandzelana elandelayo:

  • isampuli lokuqala alisetshenziswa emva uvuka, kodwa isikhathi uchama khona;
  • emva wonke amaconsi okokusebenza eqoqwe embizeni;
  • lapho emahoreni angu-24 nawe ukuchamela, udinga udokotela ukuthatha esitsheni akhethekile, okuyinto vele ubeke ketshezi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhula kwamagciwane, uthele kuwo wonke ketshezi eqoqwe;
  • ngesikhathi nibutha imbiza esitolo in the esiqandisini.

ukuhlola kubonise nenani izinto ezithile (njengokuthi amaprotheni, ama-hormone, usawoti, nezinye metabolites) excreted. Uma ochwepheshe bathole umchamo creatinine umzimba nomoya omncane kakhulu, bese kukhona izinsolo kwehle impilo izinso. amazinga amaprotheni High kungadalwa senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, pheshana urinary ukutheleleka, isifo sezinso. Ezinye iziyaluyalu endocrine ukwandisa inani lama-hormone kanye nemikhiqizo yabo umzimba e umchamo.

ukukhulelwa test

Yiqiniso, lezi zinhlobo zokuziphatha umchamo ukuhlolwa kwabesifazane. Uma umjikelezo wakho kokuya esikhathini is awukaqali, esebenzisa ukuhlolwa kungenzeka ukuhlola ukuthi ukhulelwe. Iningi izifundo kungacacisa ukuthi lokhu ngosuku lweshumi nje ebamba isisu. Nokho, akuzona njalo ethembekile. Thenga ukuhlolwa kungaba kunoma iyiphi ekhemisi.

Ukwenza lezo zinhlobo cwaningo umchamo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngokuvamile ekuseni, emva uvuka. iziyalezo eziqondile zingatholakala ku Ipheshana iphakethe. Ngemva ukuchama ukuqoqa inani elincane umchamo ekuseni bese wehlise isitsha test stick imizuzwana embalwa. Ngemva kwemizuzu emihlanu, yena uzokutshela ukhulelwe noma cha.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba amanga. Lokhu kwenzeka ezimweni lapho lona wesifazane ebambe khona ekuseni kakhulu, thatha izidakamizwa ethize noma aphuze uketshezi kakhulu phambi test. Kuphela udokotela uzokutshela ukuthi ukhulelwe noma cha.

Izinhlobo umchamo ezinganeni

Odokotela bangase, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene ekuchazeni urinalysis ingane. Njengomthetho, le njongo ukukhalima, okuvela kuyo kwezinso ku urinalysis noma ukulawula ithole isifo.

Cabangela izinhlobo ezinkulu umchamo ezinganeni:

  • Jikelele (zokwelapha) umchamo.
  • Test Nechiporenko.
  • Ukuhlaziywa ngu Zimnitskiy.
  • Ukuxilongwa Kakovskomu-Addis.
  • amasu Amburzhe.
  • YeSampuli Sulkovicha.
  • Bacteriological umchamo isiko.
  • YeSampuli Reberga.

Izinhlobo umchamo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba owesifazane okhulelwe yabhaliswa udokotela wezifo zabesifazane, ke isikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuyithola kudlule urinalysis. Endabeni ka ukuthola noma iyiphi engavamile udokotela cwaningo uzokweluleka ukubamba umchamo for Nechiporenko noma Zimnitskiy kanye nezivivinyo bacteriological ukuhlonza izifo.

ukuqapha okunjalo kuyokusiza ochwepheshe ukuhlola isimo kwesinye, ukucacisa isifo sezinso, ukuvela sikashukela kanye sikashukela sokukhulelwa, ezingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ubheke leli sonto wamashumi amabini sokukhulelwa. Amazinga aphezulu amaprotheni abonisa ukuvuvukala ngomgudu womchamo. Amazinga aphakeme ketones abonisa ukuthi isidumbu sowesifazane kuyinto emzimbeni. Uziphathe abesifazane abakhulelwe is hhayi Kunconywa urinalysis. Zonke izenzo kufanele kuxoxwe nodokotela wakho.

isiphetho

Kufinyeta, singaphetha ngokuthi:

  • umchamo ukuhlaziywa, izinhlobo nezindlela yokuqoqa bahluke ngokuphelele, futhi kufanele kwenziwe kuphela izincomo udokotela;
  • abanye ucwaningo ungenza ngokwakho, ezifana ukuhlolwa okusheshayo nokukhulelwa ukuhlolwa;
  • ezinye izinhlobo ukuhlola Kwenziwa kuphela endaweni yokucwaninga ukuze sibone noma iziphi kwezinso;
  • ukuze unciphise amathuba ukungcoliswa webhaktheriya umchamo, landela inhlanzeko.

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