Ubukhulu yonke, isakhiwo izinto

Kube khona isikhathi lapho umhlaba zabantu lwalulinganiselwe ukuba surface eMhlabeni elise nyawo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe kwentuthuko, isintu yandile khathizwe yayo. Manje abantu abacabanga ukuthi kukhona imingcele ezweni lethu, futhi yini kwenkululeko yonke? Eqinisweni, Ubukhulu bayo ngempela abakwazi ukucabanga noma yimuphi umuntu oyedwa. Njengoba kungekho inkomba amaphuzu efanelekayo. Ngisho izazi zezinkanyezi professional zibonisa ngokwabo (okungenani e-umcabango) encishisiwe izikhathi eziningi phezu imodeli. Uthishanhloko kuyinto ukuhlanganisa ngqo zobukhulu, okuyizinto izinjongo yonke. Futhi nawurarulula imiraro izibalo, ngokuvamile azibalulekile, ngoba izinombolo nje ukuthi usebenza sezinkanyezi.

Mayelana isakhiwo yesimiso sonozungezilanga

Ukuze ukhulume izinga yonke, kuzomele uqale ukubhekana yini eduze kwethu konke. Okokuqala, liyinkanyezi ngokuthi ilanga. Okwesibili - amaplanethi ehamba izungeze ke. Ngaphandle kwalezi, kukhona iziphuphutheki ukuhambahambisa ezinye izinto isikhala. Futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana ibhande elisemkhathini.

Amaplanethi e uhlu lwabantu abanesifiso isikhathi eside, ngoba kulula kakhulu ukufinyelela kuwo ukuze observation. Ekutadisheni kwabo isayensi basungula isakhiwo of the Universe - Astronomy. uhlelo Solar yaziwa njengenye maphakathi inkanyezi. Kuphinde futhi kube elikhulu kunawo wonke into yayo. Uma uqhathanisa ne-Earth, the Sun ngokuya abangaphezu kwesigidi izikhathi. Nje sengathi incane, njengoba isuswe kakhulu kusukela kule planethi yethu.

Zonke amaplanethi yesimiso sonozungezilanga zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:

• Lasemhlabeni. Kuhlanganisa emhlabeni afana Earth ngokubukeka kwabo. Ngokwesibonelo, kuba Mercury, Venus ne-Mars.
• Objects imidondoshiya. Sinenkosi Ubukhulu inkulu kakhulu kunangendlela iqembu lokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwazo kukhona eningi gas, ngakho basuke ibuye ibizwe ngokuthi igesi. Lezi zihlanganisa i-Jupiter, i-Saturn, i-Uranus ne-Neptune.
• iplanethi into encane. Ababona, eqinisweni, kukhona asteroyidi ezinkulu. Omunye wabo, kuze kube muva nje, kwahlanganiswa amaplanethi ezinkulu - Pluto kuyinto.

Planet "akusho ngimuke" eLangeni by amandla adonsela phansi. Uma uwa ungene inkanyezi, ngeke baze bakwazi ukuwenza ngenxa ngesivinini. Objects ngempela "emincanyana." Ngokwesibonelo, velocity Zomhlaba cishe amakhilomitha angu-30 ngomzuzwana.

Indlela uqhathanise amasayizi wezinto esimisweni sonozungezilanga?

Ngaphambi zama ukubona ngamehlo engqondo izinga yonke, kubalulekile ukubhekana ilanga namaplanethi. Phela, nabo basuke, futhi, kunzima ukuvumelanisa nomunye. Ngo iningi ezivamile usayizi umlilo izinkanyezi ukubizwa ibhola Billiard kabani ubukhulu kuyinto 7 cm. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi empeleni, ifinyelela engaba ngu-1400 izinkulungwane. Km. Lokhu "ithoyizi" isakhiwo iplanethi wokuqala kusukela ilanga (Mercury) is at ibanga 2 amamitha-80 amasentimitha. Kulokhu, umhlaba ibhola kuyodingeka ububanzi kuphela nguhhafu milimitha. Itholakala kude inkanyezi at ibanga 7.6 amamitha. Ibanga kuya Jupiter kulesi sikali uyalingana 40 m, futhi Pluto - 300.

Uma sikhuluma izinto ezitholakala ngaphandle komthala, inkanyezi abaseduze - Proxima Centauri. It izosuswa kangangokuba le yokuncishiswa sincane kakhulu. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi itholakala ngaphakathi Galaxy. Yini esingayisho ngesimo esikalini universe. Njengoba ubona, empeleni angenamkhawulo. Wena njalo ufuna ukwazi ukuthi Earth yonke zihlobene. Futhi ngemva kokwamukela impendulo hhayi ukholelwe yokuthi iplanethi yethu noma ngisho Umthala - sekuvele ingxenyana encane emhlabeni omkhulu.

Yiziphi amayunithi esetshenziswa ulinganise amabanga emkhathini?

Sentimutha, imitha kanye ikhilomitha, ngisho - zonke lezi zimiso azilutho kakade phakathi nesimiso sikanozungezilanga. Singathini ngendawo yonke. Ukuze ucacise ibanga phakathi emthaleni, usebenzisa i-value ngokuthi ngonyaka ukukhanya. Lesi isikhathi kuthatha ukukhanya, ezihambayo kungakapheli unyaka owodwa. Khumbula ukuthi enye ukukhanya-imizuzwana imayelana ayizinkulungwane 300 km. Ngakho-ke, uma ukudluliswa ilingana cishe 10 ayizinkulungwane bhiliyoni amakhilomitha ngonyaka ukukhanya ngendlela evamile. Yethula akunakwenzeka, ngakho esikalini zendawo yonke ziwubufakazi zicatshangwe ukuba indoda. Uma udinga ukucacisa ibanga phakathi imithala engumakhelwane, futhi uXhumano Lweqoqo LokuneBluetooth alanele. Udinga ezidlula ngisho ezinkudlwana. Kwatholakala parsecs, okuyinto ilingana iminyaka ukukhanya 3,26.

enza Galaxy kanjani?

Kuyinto oluthile giant, ehlanganisa izinkanyezi mafu. Ingcenye encani yalokhu kubo kungabonakala esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Isakhiwo yomthala wethu luyindida kakhulu. Kungaba kubhekwe ellipsoid ecindezeleke kakhulu zokuvukela umbuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sikude enkabazwe ingxenye futhi isikhungo. Galactic enkabazwe ikakhulukazi zimumethe mafu gaseous nezinkanyezi ashisayo okukhulu. Kule ngxenye ye-Milky Way itholakala endaweni emaphakathi.

Uhlelo elanga akukho okuhlukile ngokuqondene nalo mthetho. Liphinde iseduze kwenkabazwe emthaleni. Phela, iningi Star yakha disc omkhulu kabani ubukhulu kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 100 light-years, kanye ukushuba - 1500. Uma ubuyela emuva esikalini esasetshenziswa ukumela isimiso sethu sikanozungezilanga, ubukhulu Umthala kuyoba ngokulingana ibanga kusuka Earth ilanga. Lena sibalo Amazing. Ngakho-ke i-Sun uMhlaba kukhona imvuthu emthaleni.

Yini izinto ezikhona endaweni yonke?

Sibala eyisisekelo:

• Izinkanyezi - okukhulu amabhola akhazimula. Bona bavele aphakathi, ingxube ehlanganisa uthuli amagesi. Kweziningi zazo leli ukuphela hydrogen ne-helium.
• Cmb. Ziyakwazi pulses kagesi asakaze emkhathini. lokushisa Ezazimzungezile - 270 degrees Celsius. Futhi lokhu emisebeni ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izindawo. Le mpahla libizwa isotropic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lihlotshaniswa ezinye izimfihlakalo yonke. Ngokwesibonelo, kwaba sobala ukuthi kwavela ngesikhathi okukhulu. Okusho ukuthi, kukhona ekuqaleni yonke. Iphinde kuqinisekisa umbono ukuthi yandisa ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izindawo. Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso hhayi kuphela kulesi sikhathi samanje. Ngakho-ke kwakunjalo ekuqaleni.
• -matter emnyama. Yileyo mass ulahlekile. Lezi izinto wendawo yonke, esingenakubalwa wafunda ngokubona oqondile. Ngamanye amazwi, abazi akhipha amagagasi kagesi. Kodwa nethonya okudonsa kwamanye emizimbeni.
• izimbobo Black. Abenzi lutho bawuqonda, kodwa kahle ezaziwayo. Lokhu kwakubangelwa nenqwaba echaza izinto ezinjalo imisebenzi eqanjiwe. Eqinisweni, i-black umzimba imbobo, okungakwazi asakaze emisebeni kagesi ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi Isivinini Ukuphunyuka ku kuba ngejubane lokukhanya. Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuthi iyona Isivinini Ukuphunyuka kudingekile ukwazisa kuncike ukuthi wayeshiye into isikhala.

Ngo yonke, ngaphezu, kukhona quasars futhi pulsars.

Umkhathi ongaqondakali

Igcwele lokho kodwa ukuze kutholakale, akwaziwa. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, kwakunokwenzeka ukuba ukuhlonza, ngokuvamile Ufaka up nezindaba ezintsha futhi izimfihlakalo ahlobene universe. Lokhu kungafaka noma imfundiso yokuziphendukela owaziwa we "Big Bang." Kuyinto ngempela kuphela imfundiso ezivamile, ngoba isintu Akekho owaziyo mayelana nokuthi kwenzeke kanjani.

Eyesibili imfihlakalo - engu-yonke. Kungenzeka ukubala cishe Cmb sekushiwo, abagcina amaqoqo globular nezinye izinto. Namuhla, ososayensi uvumile ukuthi engu-umkhathi ecishe ibe izigidi eziyizinkulungwane 13.7 iminyaka. Enye imfihlakalo - uma ukuphila kwamanye amaplanethi? Akukhona nje kuphela esimisweni sonozungezilanga iyiphi izimo ezifanele, futhi kwakungekho-Earth. Futhi yonke cishe egcwele yalemitimba.

Omunye?

Kuyini ngaphandle yonke? Lokho kukhona lapho akafakanga iso womuntu? Ingabe kukhona okuthile ngemuva ke phesheya? Uma uthi yebo, bangaki universes khona? Lena yimibuzo ososayensi babe kuphela ukuthola izimpendulo. Izwe lethu kufana ibhokisi lezimanga. Lapho kwakubonakala ukuthi siqukethe kuphela Zomhlaba kanye Sun, inombolo encane izinkanyezi esibhakabhakeni. Khona-ke izwe ukunwetshwa. Ngakho, emngceleni hlukana. Akumangalisi ukuthi izingqondo eziningi egqamile Sekuyisikhathi eside ukuba afinyelele isiphetho ukuthi yonke - kuphela ingxenye imfundo lube lukhulu nakakhulu.