Umhlalaphansi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uhulumeni kwalowo nyaka, empikiswaneni yokuthi kungenzeka ukwanda engu umhlalaphansi, izibalo zihlala zinjalo. Abesilisa ukuza impesheni sokuguga 60, futhi abesifazane eminyakeni emihlanu edlule.

Nokho, umuntu angaya ngeholide ngaphambili kakhulu - konke kuncike bangaki iminyaka umsebenzi isipiliyoni anakho izimo lapho ayeyisebenzela cishe konke ukuphila kwakhe.

Uma indoda isebenza iminyaka engu-10 noma ngaphezulu esitolo ashisayo, umsebenzi ezimweni eziyingozi, noma ngaphansi komhlaba - ufanelwe ukuba umhlalaphansi eneminyaka engu-mahlanu. Owesifazane owenze izimo ezifanayo neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-7.5, unelungelo kwezimpawu zokuqala eminyakeni 45.

Ukufinyelela izingozi umhlalaphansi eminyakeni 55 kwabesilisa nabesifazane amahlanu, ngokulandelana, yazi ukuthi ulindelwe abantu abasebenza ezimweni ezinzima zokusebenza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isipiliyoni zokusebenza amadoda kule ndawo akufanele ube neminyaka menee12,5, futhi inkathi umshwalense - ikhulu leminyaka ikota. Izidingo ezisebenza ngomthetho uyabazisa abesifazane onomoya omnene kakhulu - okungenani engu-10 nakho ukusebenza kwezimo ezinzima, futhi engamashumi amabili yomshuwalense.

Abasebenzi angalindela ukuba noma imuphi umhlalaphansi ekhethekile eneminyaka engu-55 no-50? Abashayeli ka trams, trolley amabhasi kanye abashayeli bamabhasi abasebenzela emizileni emzini njalo. Dockers ehilelekile yokulayisha athula izintuba, kanye nezakhamizi ukukhonza inkantolo of civil aviation. Sokuthatha umhlalaphansi singakashayi isikhathi ngenhla imikhakha abasebenzi kudingeka okungenani engu amabili komsebenzi okukhethekile (ngoba abesifazane engu-15) futhi eminyakeni eyikhulu ikota lomsebenzi isipiliyoni (iminyaka engu-20 abesifazane).

Abantu ngokufaka Crew futhi njalo sisebenzela phezu ukuhamba nezitsha isevisi nesaphothi noma emanzini echwebeni, kanye lezisebenzi ezihilelekile ekuphathweni izindiza civil, nayo elinde umhlalaphansi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amadoda kudingeka iminyaka 12.5 ukusebenza okukhethekile ukusho futhi babe neminyaka inkonzo yempesheni 25. Abesifazane badinga ukusebenza iminyaka 10 futhi babe engamashumi amabili yomshuwalense.

Kwamanye amakhono umhlalaphansi akuxhomekile engu-isisebenzi eRussia, kodwa kuphela ubude bayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ekuqaleni kwawo ukuya kwi abatakuli iholide abaye basebenza iminyaka engu-15 e-Lokunhlobonhlobo wokutakula abathintekayo ekuqedweni imiphumela izimo eziphuthumayo kanye nezinhlekelele zemvelo. Kodwa ngisho eseneminyaka engu efanayo ubuncane ngabo isikhathi somhlalaphansi - iminyaka engu-40. ukukhuluma Cishe, uma umuntu eqala ukusebenza kulesi sikhundla kusukela engu-25 - kuzoqhubeka umhlalaphansi ngineminyaka engu-40 uma 22 - ukuthi, futhi, ngesikhathi 40. Uma 35 kuphela - e 50, wasebenza iminyaka engu-15 adingekayo.

Kuyefana nasendleleni othisha abasebenze ekunakekelweni kwengane iminyaka eyikhulu ikota-okungenani. Kanye abasebenzi abathintekayo ekunakekelweni noma kuvikelwe impilo yomphakathi ezindaweni kanye nasezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ngakho ochwepheshe ngokwanele wasebenza iminyaka engu-25 e anomsebenzi ngaphambi umnqamulajuqu umhlalaphansi.

Zonke lezi zimo umhlalaphansi basonta imikhakha nabantu abasebenza umsebenzi esindayo, ezibucayi noma eyingozi.

Nokho, zikhona izinzuzo ezithile ngokuhlukile umhlalaphansi singakashayi isikhathi komama.

Ikakhulukazi, owesifazane angaba ahambe umhlalaphansi ngineminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, kanye kweminyaka eyishumi nahlanu umshwalense, uma ezala izingane ezinhlanu futhi ebavusela okungenani kuze eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili.

Futhi, owesifazane angaba ahambe eholidini, uma ezala izingane okungenani ezimbili futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wasebenza iminyaka eyishumi nambili eNyakatho Ekude yeCanada (noma iminyaka engu-17 ezindaweni akhiwa kuzo), kuye kwadingeka engamashumi amabili nakho umshwalense.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho unikeza eziningi izinzuzo abantu abakhubazekile kanye nemindeni yabo sokuthatha umhlalaphansi singakashayi isikhathi. Yonke uhlu izigaba elibusisekile izakhamuzi, kanye incazelo ephelele zonke izinhlobo zomsebenzi, enika ilungelo umhlalaphansi singakashayi isikhathi zingafundwa umthetho federal "Ngo zabasebenzi izimpesheni in Russian Federation" sangomhla 17.12.2001

By the way, umthetho akusho afune umuntu umhlalaphansi yobudala yokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Kungase kusebenze kahle okukhethekile yabo iminyaka eminingi.