Isimiso sokuqinisekisa indlela yesayensi

Lezi zimiso bakha okuqukethwe eziyisisekelo nomqondo ezinhle zefilosofi, kamuva - neo. Isimiso yesayensi yokuqinisekisa kanye falsification yayenziwa omunye zefilosofi kunabo bonke ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, Karlom Popperom.

Lasekuqaleni ugqozi nentuthuko yabo kanye nokusungulwa isitatimende Popper ukuthi isebenza isayensi ngokuthi "abazibheka ezibucayi", okuyinto uyayilahla ngokuphelele zokungathembisisi relativism. Kuyinto Umphikisi ezingahlangani kwanoma iyiphi kobushiqela, kokubili ukuphila komphakathi kanye nesayensi. Popper uye negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ifilosofi indlela yesayensi yanamuhla, izinhlinzeko zoMthetho okusalayo sisasebenza nanamuhla.

Njengoba kuboniswe kakade, isimiso yokuqinisekisa washayelwa ngaphakathi kohlaka ukuthuthukiswa ngemibono yefilosofi ezintweni ezinhle. Ngokusho le imfundiso, ngenhloso yonke isayensi ukunikeza abanye isisekelo enokwehla, lapho emagama akwamukelekile ukungabi nakwenzeka kwento kokuzwakalisa le idatha ngosizo apharathasi ngokwesayensi.

Popper njengoba ulimi olunjalo jikelele yesayensi enikeza ukusebenzisa amasu sokuhlaziya okunengqondo-zezibalo kanye zezibalo apharathasi categorical, esimelela out for yokubukisa yayo, eziningi kangaka zikamoba kanye nokunemba. indlela enjalo kwezesayensi ngokuthi ezintweni ezinhle okunengqondo. I positivists okunengqondo umangalele ukuthi ngesisekelo enokwehla, njengoba umthetho, nganoma yisiphi legatsha isayensi isekelwe observation.

Lo mbono wamemezela obala emhlanganweni we Vienna Circle, ilungu owayekhona futhi uKarl Popper, ngo-1921. Ingqikithi yalo nkulumo yathathwa okulandelayo: umbandela we nalwazi enokwehla ingabe isimiso iqinisekiswa. Okuqukethwe isimiso lalithé: Inani kwezesayensi nje amaqiniso esayensi, eyabonakala "igunya yesayensi" - siqinisekiswe yimiphumela yokuhlolwa zesayensi kanye ucwaningo, anencazelo futhi abahlukene zonke izinhlobo side effects engabangelwa umcwaningi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma isimiso yokuqinisekisa ohlongozwayo indlela yesayensi, kukhona amaphuzu amaningi ahlukene umbono ngalolu daba wokusungula iqiniso wesayensi ezinjalo. Yingakho lesi sicelo somshado isibe igama elisha kule mpikiswano mayelana Ukwanela kwezinto nendlela ye isayensi usevikele phambili imiqondo elandelayo ezinhle zefilosofi (neo).

Nokho, okuhlangenwe nakho kuye kwabonisa ukuthi isimiso yokuqinisekisa wazibonakalisa imibuzo yethu engaphelele futhi abaningi besayensi akakwazanga ukuphendula. ukulinganiselwa okwabonakala narrowness isicelo sayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusebenzisa le ndlela ifilosofi, Psychology nezinye "non-zezibalo" nezesayensi kwakungabantu akunakwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungapheleli walo wawubheke ukuthi yayingase isetshenziswe kuphela yilabo abaqeqeshiwe possess amathuluzi esayensi, imishini ezingase ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwemibhalo a namaqiniso angokwesayensi. Le ndoda ezivamile, le ndlela akatholakalanga. Futhi ngowokuqala ukuthola ukulinganiselwa le ndlela, kwaba Popper yena. Waphawula ukuthi abaningi namaqiniso esayensi Uyi uhlamvu ephelele, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngeke kube elibanzi angase aqinisekiswe. Futhi ngakho ukuze kuzuzwe ukuthembeka okukhulu, Popper uhlongoza ukwengeza isimiso yokuqinisekisa futhi esinye isimiso - isimiso falsification.

Kwafika Usosayensi othile egomela ukuthi isayensi, efana nakho konke okunye emhlabeni, kuyinto uhlelo ashukumisayo, ngakho umsebenzi wesayensi akuyona kuphela ukuchaza izenzakalo ezenzeka kodwa ukuchaza ushintsho. indima Priority kule Popper wathatha nefilosofi. falsification isimiso kwenzeke ukuqinisekisa yokuthi isayensi noma mkhuba ngu okuchitha kubo. Lokhu, ngokusho Popper, wandisa amathuba methodological yesayensi.