Umholi we-Charismatic: incazelo, isici. Ubani ongabizwa ngokuthi umholi oshisayo? Umqondo we "umholi onesihe" owethulwe emphakathini? Umholi onesihawu u ...

Umholi onekhono - ungumuntu ojabulela udumo ezithile emehlweni abanye. Ukubusa kwakhe kusekelwa yiningi hhayi ukwesatshiswa isekelwe enkolelweni yokuthi siqu futhi bathembela "abantu abakhethiwe."

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ukuthi kusho ukuthini "umholi onekhono" (definition, into njengoba kukhonjisiwe, nokunye okuningi), bayakulenzelwa okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

Umqondo engasenathonya

Kusukela ekuqaleni kokuphila komuntu emphakathini kukhona abaholi abangakwazi nje ukhombe indlela, kodwa ukuhola. Ngisho nalapho sisebunzimeni okunzima nabalandeli babo akazange akhohlwe nakancane dengeza futhi engachazeki babekholelwa umholi wabo, umbusi noma inkosi.

Lesi senzakalo ngokuthi "engasenathonya" futhi umuntu nalezi izimfanelo seyaziwa ngokuthi umholi onekhono. Igama ngokwalo lisho "kuyisipho sikaNkulunkulu" futhi ngempela, lesi simanga kubhekwa abacwaningi abaningi isethi kwemvelo, noma okungenani amakhono angaphezu kwawabantu. Ekuqaleni, leli gama lisho nje kubabusi noma abakhuzi bempi, kodwa kusukela maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, waqala ukubiza cishe wonke umuntu, ivelele kusuka uquqaba, futhi ngokuvamile izimfanelo siqu nempumelelo, ubuhle noma ukuzithuthukisa wena. Lokho kusho umholi onekhono, kuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.

Umqondo "umholi onekhono" e kwabantu

Umqondo "umholi onekhono" laqanjwa ngokwesayensi yokuhlalisana kwabantu Uprofesa German wezenkolo nesiko Ernst Troeltsch. Kamuva elithi yasungulwa sezokuhlalisana kwabantu German Maksom Veberom, ngubani washayelwa yencazelo classical, futhi anikeza ugqozi Ucwaningo olunzulu lesi simanga ngaye. Abanye abacwaningi yesimanje ukuphakamisa ukunikeza le ncazelo kuba umqondo iyincane kakhulu ukungafakwa lonke inani ubuntu okunjalo sebekubeke ehlukene efana Prophet uMose no Hitler, Gandhi futhi uGenghis Khan.

Ngokombono umqondo Weber sika engasenathonya mkhuba akakwazi uma kuhle noma kubi, ezinhle nezikufanelekelayo noma zokuziphatha okubi. Lokhu nokho akusho ukuthi izinga nokusebenza a umholi onjalo angeke ahlolwe on nenqubo jikelele. Ngenxa yalokho, ososayensi abaningi, ukususa ungabazane, sebenzisa incazelo ehlukile, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba ucacise ngokucace kakhudlwana welithi "umholi onekhono". Ibe e kwabantu yacwengisisa eside Dzhordzh Izingobo, okholelwa ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, maqondana nabantu abavelele ezifanelekayo ukusebenzisa umqondo wegama elithi "umholi nobuqhawe."

abaholi abanamandla abaningana emlandweni wesintu

Umlando uye waloba izibonelo eziningi zabantu abazisa ababengabizwa ngokuthi umholi onekhono kithi. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ojenene ezidumile nababusi: Aleksandr Makedonsky, uGenghis Khan, Napoleon. Ngo zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, lezo zibalo okuningi namuhla eyaziwa ngendima sengathi cishe kwazo zonke inkampani yimpumelelo noma ukunyakaza komphakathi. Lolu cwaningo zalesi simo sihambisana nobunzima ezithile. Yiqiniso, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isayensi kumele kube "enhle" kwencazelo umbono, Nokho, idealize ngisho ukuhlela is Akunakwenzeka ngqo ubuntu. Umholi onekhono kuyinto sibalo ngakho amangalisayo empeleni uthole impendulo ocacile umbuzo ukuthi umholi onjalo ethile, cishe ngiyaphupha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu onjalo njalo livela Ezikhathini zobunzima, futhi kuba isikhathi soshintsho imicimbi, futhi awukwazi njalo ukuqonda ngqo - nethonya elihle noma elibi ukubukeka kwayo kuchazwa ngabo.

UVladimir Lenin Ilyich

Ngubani umholi onekhono emlandweni yokubusa kweSoviet? Isibonelo esingokoqobo umholi onjalo angase abizwe ngokuthi V I. Lenina, umholi we kwamaBolshevik Party, arbiter futhi umholi inguquko sezenhlalo eRussia. Empeleni, kubantu besikhathi sakhe amalungu eqembu nabo, uLenin kwezazi zezombangazwe wama phandle ngokuba kuphela ababekholwa bamlandela ngaphandle ukubhuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uLenin - umholi onekhono, owawunakho ikhono ukuchaza ezilukhuni kwezomnotho yokungakholelwa enkulu uquqaba abangafundile. Balalela kuye spellbound, waphefumula kanzima, futhi kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi lesi kwakuyisiqalo salokho kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, futhi akukho imishini emikhulu lobuchwepheshe, ngaphezu izwi lakhe ku isikhulumi kwakungeyona elula.

Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin

Iosif Stalin - umholi onekhono, uyise abantu, ungumdali isimo engavamile kakhulu futhi cishe kumnandi of bonke abantu abake bakubona. Kuhlola ubuntu kukaStalin cishe njalo edidayo, futhi ngokuvamile nganhlanye. Ngokungangabazeki, umbusi kwadingeka ikhono eliyingqayizivele ukuze abhubhise izitha zabo, abavame ababeyizitha isimo. Iningi engasenathonya sakhe futhi deification phakathi abalandeli Yiqiniso, ayisona a luyingxenye ubuholi (yize ayengaphethe kubo ngokugcwele) - kanye babenakho ukwesaba, yena ngaphandle kwesizathu ungase futhi ayikwazanga ugqozi ngisho nanamuhla.

Abacwaningi abaningi bacabange Stalin umholi okumsulwa ezelapha ngokuyisimangaliso, nakuba kuyaqapheleka ukuthi abalandeli bakhe nabalandeli sebekufanelekela umholi wabo ukwenza imihlatshelo ngomqondo truest izwi. amasosha Simple akhwela phezu phezulu negama lakhe, zona ngokwazo - into kunalokho ezingavamile. Ngokuvamile kulezi zimo, abalandeli kwahlangabezana umqondo (isibonelo, inkululeko) noma umqondo othize njengezitha zezwe lokhokho, ezweni lakubo.

Sharl De Goll

Isibonelo umholi yemvelo ongakhonza Sharl De Goll, omsebenzi wakhe usenayo elikhulu ekuphileni bezombangazwe baseYurophu. Umongameli ngokwakhe acela ephindelela nomqondo engasenathonya futhi kwaba umsekeli umqondo wokuthi ubuntu obuqinile phakathi kwabantu ine phezu inkambo yomlando umthelela okukhulu kunalokho kukholelwa kanjalo ngokuvamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umongameli, okwathi ngemva izimpi ezimbili ngesihluku kakhulu emhlabeni wakwazi ukuholela France ekuchumeni futhi indima eyodwa kwemibuso yomhlaba ehamba phambili, wayekholelwa ukuthi uthando abantu kusekelwa ezinye "umphumela isimangaliso," impumelelo ukuqhubeka ezintweni zonke, ngiphinde ngiyafakaza ukuthi lokhu umuntu " indodana esisemthethweni ezulwini. " Njengoba nje ngalesi sipho saphezulu ubalekela, kokuba uyeke ukuba kufakazelwa indaba - ubalekela nokukholwa abalandeli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umholi onekhono de Gaulle, encwadini yakhe ethi "The Edge of Ngenkemba" uye wagcizelela kaningi ukuthi ngisho ukuqokwa elikhulu kangakanani ngomholi wesizwe lapho besekuhluphekeni ayenzeki esekelwe Ukukhetha ebeyihlangana zezombusazwe etholakalayo. Umholi Popular sengathi ngokuyala "igagasi elinamandla," futhi Gen. inqatshelwe ngokuphelele Ukumiselwa zomlando, embiza ngokuthi umqondo amagwala.

U-Adolf Hitler

Akungatshazwa ukuthi u-Adolf Hitler kubhekwa njengento isibonelo esiphawuleka kakhulu ubuntu onekhono kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Germany amakhulu eminyaka, njengomuntu phoenix - ukuthi kushiswe uchungechunge izimpi engapheli phakathi Europe, esanda wavukela, ngokuvamile enamandla ngaphezu kwalokho okuke kwabonwa ngaphambilini. Sokudumisa wakwazi ukunikeza abantu bakhe umqondo ezingaqondakali ngempela. Hitler - umholi onekhono owakwazi ukukholisa iningi abalandeli hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izakhamuzi ezivamile ukuthi, Aryans - umjaho bebakhulu inhloko yazo zonke abanye. Lo mbono uye wakwazi hlanganani umphakathi German ukuze ngenkathi lalimelela usongo esintwini empeleni ngesilinganiso kwamaplanethi.

Manje Hitler wanquma ziveza kweqembu elithile amandla amnyama, okuyinto indlela ngokuphelele kumnandi kuletsa imibono yabo uquqaba lwabantu futhi sibakhuthaze ukuba uhlanya mass cishe eluthiwe. Nokho, akuyona. Abantu besikhathi Abaningi elichaza kude kangakanani "hhayi kumuntu ovamile." German sokudumisa sika Kudingeka nokuba baqonde ukuthi sasekelwa nje uquqaba ongaswele noma abampofu - imikhakha kodwa futhi ufundile futhi ocebile umphakathi, hhayi kuphela e-Germany. Ingabe ayengalilalela go crazy ngoba? Cishe - akukho. Yiqiniso, ukwakha amandla ayo Hitler wazisebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo zonke amathuba ongazicabanga zicatshangwe. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ibekwe yena nje isosha enesibindi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, futhi uye wafakazela ngokuphindaphindiwe lokhu mkhuba. orate wafundelwa abadlali engcono kakhulu isikhathi sakhe. Ilokhu wafuna rapprochement nabantu zabo, efuna ukwazi ukuthi imicabango namazwi hhayi kuphela umphakathi, kodwa ngokoqobo wonke umuntu. Oluhambisana inkolelo okweqile e kwesokudla kaHitler siqu, wanika umphumela ukuthi abalandeli eziningi sokudumisa akazange angabaze nakancane kuye ngokwakhe noma imibono yakhe noma izinhloso.

Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza lomkhuba

Ucwaningo we mkhuba ukuvela lolu hlobo ubuntu - umbuzo empeleni imele iyahola ekutadisheni ithonya angawodwana ku inqubo zomlando. Nokho, naphezu omningi ucwaningo ukuze ososayensi ngokwabo kuyinto umholi onekhono kakhulu lomkhuba kwaba "isikhubekiso." Ososayensi, ososayensi zezombusazwe nezokuhlalisana kwabantu ukuqaphela ukuthi ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, lo mshini ivela khona. Akungabazeki ukudlala indima, futhi azalwa naso futhi bafunda amakhono abantu, kodwa ukuqonda ukuthi yini ngempela izimfanelo wammisa ngempela ukwakha amandla kunesidingo, kuwumzabalazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwesayensi ngokuvamile iqondiswe hhayi ekutadisheni ubuntu, futhi kuba etshekile xaxa ukucabangela izenzo ezithile, emihle noma emibi kanye izimo ekwakhekeni umholi onjalo. Ngokuvamile, kukhona izinto ezintathu ezenza umholi onekhono livela.

1. Crisis. Kungaba zinhlekelele zezombusazwe, ezomnotho nezenhlalo, ukwehluleka lempi nokunye, ngazo zonke izindlela futhi tangles. Ukuqala ekuncipheni isimo - novivinyo ukuze umphakathi. Abantu kungaba asabela ngezindlela eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, bangase babe ukukhula lokwesaba ngaphambi kokubhujiswa ngokomzimba emphakathini, bangase besabe ukubhekana nokulahlekelwa iqembu zabo noma ekilasini noma nje bezwa ubuhlungu bokushonelwa ngengqondo amagugu ukuphila ezivamile namasiko. Ngokwemvelo, ezimweni ezinjalo, abantu bavame ukwethemba bese ulandela labo uyazi ayezokwenza - umholi, osevele une abasekeli abaningi, hhayi nje ukufakazela engasenathonya sakhe futhi abantu bakaNkulunkulu abakhethiwe.

2. Ngokuvamile sesibili esiyinhloko sokunquma ukubukeka umholi onekhono, i-legitimation amasiko nezenhlalo, lapho ingxenye enkulu umphakathi ukuqaphela ukuba semthethweni nesenzakalo kuyinto umholi ngokwethukela.

3. lwesithathu isici - ukusekelwa kwezombangazwe, hhayi nje phakathi wesisindvo labantu, kodwa futhi phakathi amaqembu, ngabaholi babo, futhi abameleli nemizimba ezisemthethweni isimo.

Manje amandla bayanda ukuze uthole isici sesine uma ngaphambili alalelwa ke ingane. Lokhu - ukusekelwa umholi onekhono ku abezindaba. Ungakwazi ukuxoxa ukuthi indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni yabo bonke abaholi bezombangazwe of the last 100 eminyakeni ke idlalwe abezindaba, futhi ngezinto ezingokoqobo amandla lanamuhla ukweseka lokhu noma lowo muntu ulwazi emkhakheni - kubaluleke kakhulu.

Izimpawu umholi onekhono

Ngubani owayengubhongoza walolu hlobo ngokuvamile kudinga iqoqo izici. I ovelele kakhulu yilezi:

1. Ukuqonda ukukhuthazwa yendima yayo ezehlukile kanye mission, okuhloswe ngaso ingucuko lenkhulu egameni ushintsho noma umphakathi wokutakula. Lokhu ngokuvamile kudinga kusengaphambili izenzakalo, futhi, ngokuvamile, uhlelo noma uhlelo izinguquko.
2. olithandayo, okuyinto ngempela siqukethe ukwehlelwa ukubukeka ekhangayo. Ngokuvamile, kunalokho, umholi onekhono - indoda kwabo, njengale ndoda emgwaqweni, ngesikhathi esifanayo ungaba isici esithile. Nokho, asingabazi ukuthi umholi onjalo kwakudingeka abe nesihluku ezithile - akunakwenzeka ukuba yiqhawe ngaphandle le mfanelo. Laba baholi, abesifazane abafana Zhanna elimnyama noma uMargaret Thatcher, emehlweni nezinkumbulo ababephila ngesikhathi babeba nesibindi ezingaphezu kuka iningi amadoda besikhathi sethu.
3. Umhlatshelo umzabalazo ngesikhathi umholi onekhono kakhulu ngokuvamile okufika kuqala. Ikhono wokuzidela nokunqoba kuyimpi engapheli ne izimo nabaphikisi - esibalulekile ngoba abalandeli kubalandeli.
4. izinjongo Identity. Ngokwabacwaningi eziningi, umholi kunazo baqaphela ingenye okwaziyo ugqozi umgomo wakhe ngokugcwele kakhulu kuhambisane nezidingo zomphakathi.
5. Ukuba khona isitha esinamandla. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umholi ubelokhu wakhuthaza ke inyunyana, kuyingxenye ebalulekile emisebenzini yakhe uthatha search, ukuthola futhi ekulweni nesitha. Ngezinye izikhathi - kuyingozi kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi musa ngisho khona ngokoqobo, noma njengesitha ingenza imiqondo ngisho nezinto okunzima.
6. indima Kakhulu eyadlalwa abasekeli asebenzayo. Ngokuvamile, umholi alikhulumi nanokukhuluma ancike inhlangano noma iyiphi sikhungo ukuphathwa. Ngezinye izikhathi akulindele ukuthi abalandeli bakhe siqu izinto ngendlela yabo, ngokuvamile elungisisiwe nabalandeli kungaba olukhulu kakhulu ukwedlula umholi wabo.

I abaholi abanamandla abaningana besikhathi sethu

abaholi abanamandla abaningana Yanamuhla Etholakala iningi amacala, abancikile ezingosini ze ukusekelwa abantu - ziya ziba mandla kokuba isici main ekugqugquzeleni ungubani ngokusebenzisa ulwazi emkhakheni, okuwukuthi, kusetshenziswa abezindaba. Ukuze indlela ezinqumela ezikhangayo kungaba grey futhi zingezona ezibonakalayo umuntu, ngezinye izikhathi abakwazi ukuzenzela umathanda.

Njengoba isibonelo "ithelevishini" zanamuhla umholi Russian kungaholela uVladimir Zhirinovsky. Akakwazi empeleni nomthelela isinqumo esisodwa zezombusazwe has kuwukugcina icala, abalandeli okweqile, ikhono ahambe naye kuze kube sekufeni. Kodwa Zhirinovsky, ngenxa izimfanelo ezinhle esebenza, has umholi othile amandla.

Okwesibili undoubted umholi onekhono - kuyinto umongameli wamanje Russia uVladimir Putin. Naphezu khona izinkinga zokuphila kwezomnotho nezombusazwe isimo, izenzo zayo ngokuyinhloko zisekelwa yiningi. Putin, eqinisweni, ayinayo isethi ephelele izinga isici zalolu hlobo. Isibonelo, akanazo izimfanelo ubugagu. Naphezu ukungabi khona izici isici umholi kazwelonke, lo muntu eqhubeka be dumile among sabantu.

Phakathi abaphilayo, isibonelo esihlaba umxhwele kakhulu elithi "ubumsulwa" umholi onekhono kuyinto Fidel Castro. I wamavukelambuso oshisekayo, isikhulumi brilliant, ukaputeni yimpumelelo nge njalo Havana ugwayi emlonyeni wakhe, wathola igunya kuze kube manje obungantengantengi, sibonga izimfanelo siqu. Akagcinanga zasihlonipha futhi simthande zabantu bakhe, eye ukuzimela okuphelele Cuba. Akhe gama kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba ezaziwayo, indaba yokuphila kwakhe sizungezwe nokubingelela udumo, kwaphela iminyaka eminingi ngempela kuwukuhlakanipha ukuba abuse izwe labo. Abaningi babheka esebusa njengeNkosi wobushiqela, kodwa kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi le ndlela ukuphathwa kanye eyinqaba onekhono, ngokuvamile ungayazi yimiphi mncintiswano ngokulinganisa.

Fidel Castro - umhleli olwathatha eziningi nokuvukela, yena waba ayehileleke ngokuqondile lokulwa, wasinda imizamo kokubulawa 638. Wesithathu emlandweni isintu obuphelele ibhodi, kabili wangena Guinness Book of Records, Fidel Castro, "izingozi" ukuzibulala akafani iningi "umholi nobuqhawe" - esiphambanweni noma umlilo, by okubulalayo noma ukuba yedwa belusizi - kodwa embhedeni wakhe, sizungezwe nomndeni, lenqwaba abalandeli nabalandeli.