Umkhathi we-Mars: imfihlakalo yeplanethi yesine

I-Mars, iplanethi yesine ekude kude ne-Sun, ibe yinto yokubheka isayensi yezwe isikhathi eside. Le planethi ifana kakhulu noMhlaba emva kokukodwa, okuncane, kodwa okukhathekayo, ngaphandle - isimo seMars asikho amaphesenti angaphezu kwesisodwa somthamo womkhathi womhlaba. Imvilophu yegesi yanoma yiliphi iplanethi yisona esinqumayo esenza ukubonakala kwayo nemibandela ebusweni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi wonke umhlaba oqinile wesimiso sobusuku wakhiwa cishe ezimweni ezifanayo kude namakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-240 kusukela e-Sun. Uma izimo zokwakhiwa komhlaba noMarishe zazifana, kungani lezi maplanethi zihluke manje?

Konke mayelana nosayizi - i-Mars, eyakhiwe kusukela ekufaneni okufanayo noMhlaba, yayisibe nenhloko yensimbi yensimbi neshisayo, njengeplanethi yethu. Ubufakazi buyisethi yezintaba-mlilo eziqothukile emhlabathini we Mars. Kodwa "iplanethi elibomvu" liyingcosana kakhulu kuneMhlaba. Ngakho, ihlile ngokushesha. Lapho umthombo wamanzi ukhiqizwa futhi uqiniswa, inqubo yokudlulisa imishini yaqedwa, futhi nayo isihlangu somhlaba sephasi, i-magnetosphere, nayo yaphela. Ngenxa yalokho, le planethi yahlala ingenakuzivikela ngaphambi kokushisa kwelanga, futhi isimo saseMarse sasiqothulwa ngokuphelele yimoya welanga (umfudlana omkhulu wezinhlayiyana ezingenayo i-radioactive). "I-Planet Ebomvu" iphenduke indawo eyihlane elingenalutho ...

Manje isimo seMarse siyisigxobo segesi esincane esincane, esingeke sikwazi ukumelana nokungena kwemisebe yokushisa yelanga, eshisa umhlaba. Ukuphumula okushisa kwe-Mars kunamakhodi amaningana aphansi kunalolu hlobo olufanayo, isibonelo, weVenus, omoya okhulu kakhulu. Umkhathi we-Mars, onomthamo omncane kakhulu wokushisa, udala isivinini esikhulu somoya esiphezulu nsuku zonke.

Ukubunjwa komkhathi we-Mars kubonakala ngokuqukethwe okukhulu kakhulu kwe- carbon dioxide (95%). Futhi, umkhathi uqukethe i-nitrogen (cishe ngo-2.7%), i-argon (cishe i-1.6%) kanye ne-oxygen encane (engabi ngaphezu kuka-0.13%). Ingcindezi yomkhathi ka Mars iyinkulu izikhathi ezingu-160 kunezozonke zomhlaba. Ngokuphambene nomkhathi wezwe, igobolondo legesi lapha liyizinto ezizungezile, ngenxa yokuthi ama-polar caps eplanethi, aqukethe inani elikhulu lika-carbon dioxide, lincibilike futhi lihlose umjikelezo wonyaka owodwa.

Ngokusho kwedatha etholakala esiteshini sokuhlola ucwaningo i-Mars Express, umkhathi we-Mars uqukethe isilinganiso esithile semethane. Ukungafani kwaleli gesi kusekuhlaleni kwayo okusheshayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi endaweni ethile emhlabeni kufanele kube nomthombo wokugcwalisa i-metethani. Kungaba nezinketho ezimbili kuphela - umsebenzi we-geological, umkhondo ongakatholakali, noma umsebenzi obalulekile wezinyunyana ezincane, ezingashintsha umqondo wethu wokuba khona kwezinto eziphilayo zokuphila kwisistimu yelanga.

Umphumela wesici somkhathi waseMartian yizivunguvungu zemvula, ezingase zithukuthele izinyanga. Lesi simbozo somoya esinyene seplanethi sinokuqala ngokukhipha i-carbon dioxide ngokungenakunqunywa kokuphefumula kwe-oksijini namanzi. Umphumela ophuthumayo onjalo ngenxa ye-Mars enamandla kakhulu, evumela ngisho nomkhathi okhuphuka ukuphakama ebusweni futhi ubambe izigidi zamathani ezinothuli okwesikhathi eside.