Umklami Winter Palace eSt

Umklamo capital Northern Russia igcwele amagama abaziwa umhlaba wonke. Lapha sasebenza umusa bababusi nabakhulu izinsika ezifana Rossi, Quarenghi, Rastrelli, Montferrand, Felten, Trezzini nabanye abaningi. Ake sixoxe igalelo umakhi omkhulu Petersburg, ungumdali olungaphambili lwesonto oyinhloko kulo muzi emangalisayo, evelele Palace Square kanye zonke inkathi yokudala okuthiwa ovuthiwe baraque eRussia. Yiqiniso, mayelana Winter. Veza igama umsunguli wayo. Lokhu wezakhiwo Rastrelli. I Sasebusika akuyona kuphela umqhele umsebenzi wezakhiwo odumile, kodwa futhi isikhumbuzo yezakhiwo kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili.

umsebenzi Early

Winter Palace wezakhiwo, wazalwa ngo-Paris e 1700, lapho uyise - umqophi Italian - wafaka eziningi umzamo ukuqiniseka ukuthi ukuthuthukisa ithalente, kanye Baboneni indodana. Ngemva kokutadisha e Paris, Rastrelli e 1716 nobaba wami bathuthela eRussia. Ekuqaleni, umakhi ikusasa Winter Palace esasebenza njengomhleli umsizi uyise, kodwa 1722 waqala umsebenzi wakhe siqu ezweni elisha futhi ngokuvamile nobutha. Kuze kube unyaka 30, wahamba waya eYurophu, ikakhulukazi e-Italy, eJalimane, eFrance. Injongo eyinhloko yale ukuvakashelwa kungenziwa ngokuthi ukuqeqeshwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, yena yokutholwa ngezinto eziningi ezivela amakhosi European, ukwakha umbono abo Baroque isitayela, okuyinto nakanjani baveze ngokwayo emaphepheni bavela okokuqala 30s kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili.

nkathi yakuqala

Uhlelo Lokufaka Lwe-Ikusasa Sasebusika wadala izakhiwo eziningana ngokhuni eMoscow ngo-1730 ngu-oda Anny Ioannovny, aphethwe sobukhosi ngaleso sikhathi. Ngemva nje kusukela dolobha iNdlovukazi enhloko-dolobha enyakatho, lasendulo ngo-1732, kuthatha iphrojekthi Rastrelli Winter Palace, lesithathu, kodwa zokugcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimbili ithempeli Biron wenza ngalesi sikhathi. Futhi ukoma kwakhe ngenxa Baroque kwakhiwa ngokucacile ngaphezulu amaphrojekthi esiyinkimbinkimbi emikhulu ngesikhathi esifanayo sosuku.

Isigodlo ePeterhof

I zezimbali ithalente Rastrelli kuza ngesikhathi kumiswa amandla iNdlovukazi Elizabeth. Wathola oda esisemthethweni yamaphrojekthi emikhulu obaluleke kakhulu ezweni. Imisebenzi amakhosi kwakhiwa ubuso izakhiwo Russian futhi izwe. Okunethezeka sekugcineni lifanekisela amandla nengcebo yombuso. Kusayithi samanje castle Engineering ikhula entsha esigodlweni ehlobo for the lady wokuqala isimo. Esikhathini kusuka eminyakeni 1746 kuya 1755, sibonga imizamo wezakhiwo, liphuma manje edumile emhlabeni wonke Grand ePeterhof Palace. Kusukela 1752 by 1756 - hhayi okungenani edumile Tsarskoye Selo Palace. It kufinyelelwe udumo omhlaba kanye umusa elite isimo ephakeme.

Tsarskoye Selo Palace

Amakhulu, noma Catherine Palace, wazinza e Tsarskoye Selo - ngokuvamile ingxoxo ehlukile. Lesi sakhiwo emhlabeni odumile kuzofanele ithalente Amazing umakhi, ubambe ukwakhiwa yakhe. Lena ngenye yendalo yakhe edume kunazo zonke, ngaphansi koNkulunkulu, wahola master kuya okhakhayini lonke ifa lakhe, ngoba kulandelwa wobuciko yadalwa, okuyinto manje iyisonto omunye iminyuziyamu abacebe kakhulu emhlabeni - Winter Palace eSt. Umakhi ayifake konke kwabo omkhulu zanqwabelana ngaleso nakho isikhathi nobukhulu bama-ithalente, ukunikeza isakhiwo, okuyinto kuze kube yilolu suku edonsela izigidi zezivakashi ukubona.

Ubusika Palace

Ngakho, umklami Winter Palace wathatha phezu ukwakhiwa yayo 1754. Kuleli qophelo, inkosi, eminyakeni hhayi kuphela yayenga elite ezweni isiko kanye nezombusazwe, kodwa futhi kwadingeka isikhathi lokhu lisuthiswe, ukwakha omunye zodumo yezakhiwo okuthiwa ovuthiwe Baroque, ngenhlanhla, uye abaselona osukwini lwayo. Lesi sakhiwo isizogcwala igcwaliswe 1762. Lesi sakhiwo mkhulu ngokubabazekayo ngempela. Ngamagama kuba izikwele ezinkulu avaliwe kuvulandi. Olungaphambili lwesonto esibheke Palace Square - kuyinto omuhle wobuciko e ukubonakaliswa yayo eliphakeme.

I ubukhazikhazi kweqiniso, aphoyintimenti zemikhosi isakhiwo ayikwazanga kangcono kugcizelelwe. Ngokusobala, lokhu yini into eyayenziwa kakhulu umklami Winter Palace. Lapho Petru 1, isibonelo, lokhu sekugcineni pretentiousness ayikazeki yimuphi ukunakwa, kodwa u-Elizabeth, indodakazi yakhe, wayithanda okunethezeka, futhi njalo lizungezwe ke yena, kuhlanganise izakhiwo.

Futhi konke lokhu ebusika. Bobabili olungaphambili lwesonto (kanye eyodwa eya yashayisa unqenqema, futhi lowo Palace Square) ngokuvumelana cefe umhlobiso, ukunethezeka esilawulayo Kubikwa ukuthi ababusi babewabheka Russian babejwayele okungcono. Yingakho kuze kube manje e Petersburg likhanyelwe lenqwaba abantu uqobo ukubona lezi exteriors omangalisayo futhi Interiors by ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka edlule.

eminyakeni yamuva

Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi emhlabeni ngesikhathi esifanayo udale lesikhumbuzo ebaluleke ngokulinganayo bokwakha. Adume Smolny Cathedral lakhiwa iminyaka engamashumi amane 1748-1764. Njengoba wazi, uCatherine, ngubani wawenyukela sobukhosi 1762, akakuthandanga pretentiousness ovuthiwe izakhiwo Baroque. Lokhu nakanjani kuthinte isikhundla esifiselekayo umbuso we womculo. Ekuqaleni lamane nje esikhundleni, bese ngokuphelele waya eSwitzerland, hhayi elinde kwaqedwa lokugcina indalo yakhe - the Smolny Cathedral. Rastrelli washona ngo 1771, ngokuvumelana ukuphika ubufakazi bomuntu oyedwa - eSwitzerland, ngakolunye - ngesiRashiya. Lokhu ukungaqiniseki unezela kuphela imfihlakalo umsebenzi edume kakade we umdali odumile we-Imperial Petersburg mbumbulu kanye Interiors.

Nokho, ngakho kunalokho ingloriously, wagcina izinsuku zakhe umakhi odumile we Winter Palace, nalapho uPetru eqala umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu, futhi lapho Catherine kuqede ke. Kodwa indalo yayo futhi manje ukumangala. Futhi, kumnyama noma kubomvu, igama umklami Winter Palace wahlala amakhulu eminyaka omunye komkhulu.